Informacja

Drogi użytkowniku, aplikacja do prawidłowego działania wymaga obsługi JavaScript. Proszę włącz obsługę JavaScript w Twojej przeglądarce.

English (EN)·Polski (PL)·Yкраїнський (UK)
Przejdź do strony domowej biblioteki Centralna Biblioteka Wojskowa Link otwiera się w nowym oknie Logo biblioteki Prolib Integro - strona głównaCentralna Biblioteka Wojskowa

Wyszukujesz frazę "silumin" wg kryterium: Temat

  Lista filtrów
Wyrównaj
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 29
Tytuł:
Influence of Modification on the Structure and Morphology of Fracture of AlSi13Mg1CuNi
Autorzy:
Romankiewicz, R.
Romankiewicz, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382101.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
silumin alloy
alloy modification
fracture
silumin
modyfikacja stopu
pękanie
Opis:
The investigation revealed that the modification of the AlSi13Mg1CuNi silumin with the additives 0,25% AlSr10 and AlCu19P1,4 simultaneously provided the change of the morphology of eutectic silicon from the lamellar into the fibrous one. The change resulted in a double increase in the impact resistance of the alloy and the widening of the plastic area of the fracture of the silumin samples.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 2 spec.; 85-88
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Evaluation of the Effect of Cr, Mo, V and W on the Selected Properties of Silumins
Autorzy:
Szymczak, T.
Szymszal, J.
Gumienny, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379895.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
mechanical properties
statistical method
multicomponent silumin
pressure casting
właściwości mechaniczne
metoda statystyczna
silumin wieloskładnikowy
odlewanie ciśnieniowe
Opis:
The results of statistical analysis applied in order to evaluate the effect of the high melting point elements to pressure die cast silumin on its tensile strength Rm, unit elongation A and HB were discussed. The base alloy was silumin with the chemical composition similar to EN-AC 46000. To this silumin, high melting point elements such as Cr, Mo, V and W were added. All possible combinations of the additives were used. The content of individual high melting point additives ranged from 0.05 to 0.50%. The tests were carried out on silumin with and without above mentioned elements. The values of Rm, A and HB were determined for all the examined chemical compositions of the silumin. The conducted statistical analysis showed that each of the examined high melting point additives added to the silumin in an appropriate amount could raise the values of Rm, A and HB. To obtain the high tensile strength of Rm = 291 MPa in the tested silumin, the best content of each of the additives should be in the range of 0.05-0.10%. To obtain the highest possible elongation A of about 6.0%, the best content of the additives should be as follows: chromium in the range of 0.05-0.15%, molybdenum 0.05% or 0.15%, vanadium 0.05% and tungsten 0.15%. To obtain the silumin with hardness of 117 HB, chromium, molybdenum and vanadium content should be equal to about 0.05%, and tungsten to about 0.5%.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 4; 77-82
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Improving Quality of the EN AC-43300 (AlSi9Mg) Alloy Destined for Castings of a Pump Casings
Autorzy:
Jarco, A.
Dudyk, M.
Płonka, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381768.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
mechanical properties
hypoeutectic silumin
refining
ATD-AED method
właściwości mechaniczne
silumin podeutektyczny
rafinacja krzemu
metoda ATD AED
Opis:
Among non-ferrous alloys, the aluminum alloys have found the most widespread applications within foundry industry. Hypoeutectic silumin of the AlSi9Mg grade is commonly used for large, heavy duty machinery castings with complicated shape and high strength. From technical point of view, tendency to creation of coarse structure can be considered as a drawback of such alloy, what can have adverse effect on properties of the alloy. To obtain optimal structure of the castings and to assure improvement of their mechanical properties, the most effective treatment to perform is modification. Quality of performed modification treatment depends on proper dosing of inoculant and maintaining suitable temperature and time of keeping the alloy before pouring. In the paper are presented test results of crystallization course of refined and modified silumin of the EN AC–43300 (AlSi9Mg) grade, used in castings of pump casings. It has been determined an effect of performed processes of refining and modification on the mechanical properties (Rm, A5, HB and KCV), additionally, metallurgical tests of the alloy have been performed. Basing on analysis of obtained results, the most advantageous modification variant, which is suitable for castings of pump casings and complying with requirements of customers, has been selected.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2 spec.; 31-34
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Vanadium and Molybdenum on the Crystallization, Microstructure and Properties of Hypoeutectic Silumin
Autorzy:
Szymczak, T.
Gumienny, G.
Pacyniak, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382228.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
theory of crystallization
pressure die casting
multicomponent silumin
TDA method
teoria krystalizacji
odlewanie ciśnieniowe
silumin wieloskładnikowy
metoda ATD
Opis:
The paper presents the results of hypoeutectic silumin 226 grade and silumin produced on its basis through the addition of V and Mo. Vanadium and molybdenum were added as the preliminary alloy AlV10 and AlMo8 in an amount providing the concentration of 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4% V and Mo. TDA curves of tested silumins were presented; regardless of the chemical composition there were similar thermal effects. Pressure castings microstructure research revealed the presence in silumins with the addition of V and Mo phases do not occur in silumin without these additives. These phases have a morphology similar to the walled, and their size increases with increasing concentration of V and Mo. The size of the precipitates of these phases silumin containing 0.1% V and Mo does not exceed 10 microns, while 0.4% of the content of these elements increases to about 80 microns. Tests of basic mechanical properties of silumins were carried out. It has been shown that the highest values of tensile strength Rm = 295 MPa and elongation A = 4.2% have silumin containing approximately 0.1% V and Mo. Increasing concentrations of these elements causes a gradual lowering of the Rm and A values.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 4; 81-86
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Tungsten and Molybdenum on the Crystallization, Microstructure and Properties of Silumin 226
Autorzy:
Szymczak, T.
Gumienny, G.
Pacyniak, T.
Walas, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381984.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
theoretical basis
casting process
pressure casting
multicomponent silumin
TDA method
podstawy teoretyczne
proces odlewania
odlewanie ciśnieniowe
silumin wieloskładnikowy
metoda ATD
Opis:
The work presents the results of the examinations of silumin 226 as well as a silumin produced on its basis containing a W and Mo addition introduced in the amount of 0.1; 0.2; 0.3 and 0.4% of both elements simultaneously. Investigations of the crystallization process of the silumins by the TDA method were conducted. Also, a microscopic analysis of their microstructure was performed and their basic mechanical properties were determined. Microstructure tests were made on casts produced in an TDA sampler as well as by the pressure method. The investigations exhibited a change in the course of crystallization of the silumin containing 0.3 and 0.4% W and Mo with respect to silumin 226 and the silumin with the addition of 0.1 and 0.2%. The presence of additional phases which did not occur in the case of lower addition contents was established in the silumin containing 0.3-0.4% W and Mo, regardless of the applied casting technology. The tests showed the possibility of increasing the tensile strength Rm, the proof stress Rp0,2 and the unit elongation A of the silumin as a result of a simultaneous introduction of the W and Mo addition. The highest values of Rm, Rp0,2 and A were obtained in the silumins with the additions of these elements within the range of 0.1-0.2% each.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 3; 61-66
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Water Mist Cooling on Microstructure of Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloy
Autorzy:
Władysiak, R.
Kozuń, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382973.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
innovative foundry technologies
innovative foundry materials
casting die cooling
water mist
hypereutectic silumin
microstructure
innowacyjne technologie odlewnicze
innowacyjne materiały odlewnicze
chłodzenie
silumin nadeutektyczny
mikrostruktura
Opis:
The work is a continuation of research on the use water mist cooling in order to increase efficiency of die-casting aluminum alloys using multipoint water mist cooling system. The paper presents results of investigation of crystallization process and microstructure of synthetic hypereutectic AlSi20 alloy. Casts were made in permanent mold cooled with water mist stream. The study was conducted for unmodified AlSi20 alloy and modified with phosphorus, titanium and boron on the research station allowing sequential multipoint cooling using a dedicated program of computer control. The study demonstrated that the use of mold cooled with water mist stream allows the formation of the microstructure of hypereutectic silumins. A wide range of solidification temperature of hypereutectic silumins increases the potential impact of changes in the cooling rate on a size, a number and a morphology of preeutectic silicon and eutectic α+β (Al+Si).
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 3; 117-122
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Casting Die Cooling on Solidification Process and Microstructure of Hypereutectic Al-Si Alloy
Autorzy:
Władysiak, R.
Kozuń, A.
Pacyniak, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380676.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
innovative foundry technology
innovative foundry material
casting die cooling
water mist
hypereutectic silumin
innowacyjna technologia odlewnicza
innowacyjny materiał odlewniczy
odlewanie kokilowe
mgła wodna
silumin nadeutektyczny
Opis:
The work is a continuation of research concerning the influence of intensive cooling of permanent mold in order to increase the casting efficiency of aluminium alloys using the multipoint water mist cooling system. The paper presents results of investigation of crystallization process and microstructure of synthetic hypereutectic alloys: AlSi15 and AlSi19. Casts were made in permanent mold cooled with water mist stream. The study was conducted for unmodified silumins on the research station allowing the cooling of the special permanent probe using a program of computer control. Furthermore the study used a thermal imaging camera to analyze the solidification process of hypereutectic silumins. The study demonstrated that the use of mold cooled with water mist stream allows in wide range the formation of the microstructure of hypereutectic silumins. It leads to higher homogeneity of microstructure and refinement of crystallizing phases and also it increases subsequently the mechanical properties of casting.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 4; 175-180
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effect of Modification on Characteristic Values of TDA Curves
Autorzy:
Gumienny, G.
Szymczak, T.
Pacyniak, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380055.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
casting processes
theoretical basics
silumin 226
modification
proces odlewania
podstawy teoretyczne
modyfikacja
Opis:
The work presents the examination results of the effect of strontium and antimony modification on the microstructure of a cast and the characteristic values of the TDA curves. Strontium and antimony modifiers were added to silumin 226 in a melting crucible furnace, separately, in the amounts of 0.1; 0.2 and 0.3% of the mass of the modified metal. After modification, the silumin was refined with the solid refiner ECOSAL-Al 113 in the amount of 0.5% of the charge mass.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 1 spec.; 91-96
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mechanical properties of Al-Si-Mg alloy castings as a function of structure refinement and porosity fraction
Autorzy:
Hajkowski, M.
Bernat, Ł.
Hajkowski, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380306.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
właściwości mechaniczne
silumin
szybkość chłodzenia
porowatość
mechanical properties
cooling rate
structure
porosity
Opis:
During design of the casting products technology, an important issue is a possibility of prediction of mechanical properties resulting from the course of the casting solidification process. Frequently there is a need for relations describing mechanical properties of silumin alloys as a function of phase refinement in a structure and a porosity fraction, and relations describing phase refinement in the structure and the porosity fraction as a function of solidification conditions. The study was conducted on castings of a 22 mm thick plate, made of EN AC-AlSi7Mg0,3 alloy in moulds: of quartz sand, of quartz sand with chill and in permanent moulds. On the basis of cooling curves, values of cooling rate in various casting parts were calculated. The paper also presents results of examination of distance between arms in dendrites of a solid solution \alfa (DASL), precipitations length of silicon in an eutectic (DlSi) and gas-shrinkage porosity (Por) as a function of cooling rate. Statistical relations of DASL, DlSi, Por as a function of cooling rate and statistical multiparameter dependencies describing mechanical properties (tensile strength, yield strength, elongation) of alloy as a function of DASL, DlSi and Por are also presented in the paper.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 4; 57-64
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structure of AlSi20 Alloy in Heat Treated Die Casting
Autorzy:
Władysiak, R.
Kozuń, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382310.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
innovative foundry technology
innovative foundry material
die casting
water mist cooling
hypereutectic silumin
microstructure
innowacyjna technologia odlewnicza
innowacyjny materiał odlewniczy
odlewanie ciśnieniowe
chłodzenie mgłą wodną
silumin nadeutektyczny
mikrostruktura
Opis:
The work is a continuation of research on the use of water mist cooling in order to increase efficiency of die-casting aluminum alloys using multipoint water mist cooling system. The paper presents results of investigation on crystallization process and microstructure of synthetic hypereutectic AlSi20 alloy. Casts were made in permanent mold cooled a with water mist stream. The study was conducted for unmodified AlSi20 alloy and a modified one with phosphorus, titanium and boron on the research station allowing sequential multipoint cooling using a dedicated program of computer control. The study demonstrated that the use of mold cooled with water mist stream and solution heat treatment allows in wide range for the formation of the microstructure of hypereutectic silumins. It leads to the growth of microstructure refinement and spheroidizing of phases in the casting.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 1; 113-118
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selected Aspects of Nitrogen Refinement of Silumin 226
Autorzy:
Szymczak, T.
Gumienny, G.
Pacyniak, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381492.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
casting processes
pressure casting
silumin
refining
TDA method
procesy odlewnicze
odlewanie ciśnieniowe
rafinacja
Opis:
The work presents the results of the investigations of the effect of the nitrogen (N2) refining time „traf” and the gas output on the course of the crystallization process, the microstructure and the gassing degree of silumin 226 used for pressure casting. The refinement of the examined silumin was performed with the use of a device with a rotating head. The crystallization process was examined by way of thermal analysis and derivative analysis TDA. The performed examinations showed that the prolongation of the N2 refining time causes a significant rise of the temperature of the crystallization end of the silumin, „tL”, as well as a decrease of its gassing degree, „Z”. An increase of the nitrogen output initially causes an increase of the temperature „tL” and a drop of the gassing degree „Z”, which reach their maximal values with the output of 20 dm3/min. Further increase of the output causes a decrease of the value „tL” and an increase of „Z”. The examined technological factors of the refining process did not cause any significant changes in the microstructure of silumin 226.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 3; 99-102
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Heuristic Model of the Mechanical Properties of a Hypoeutectic EN AC-42100 (EN AC-AlSi7Mg0.3) Silumin Alloy Subjected to Heat Treatment
Autorzy:
Górny, Z.
Kluska-Nawarecka, S.
Czekaj, E.
Wilk-Kołodziejczyk, D.
Saja, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383182.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
information technology
application of information technology
foundry industry
silumin alloy
mechanical properties
heat treatment
fuzzy logic
artificial intelligence
technologie informatyczne
zastosowanie technologii informatycznych
przemysł odlewniczy
silumin
właściwości mechaniczne
obróbka cieplna
sztuczna inteligencja
Opis:
The object of the experimental studies was to determine the mechanical properties of a hypoeutectic EN AC - 42100 (EN ACAlSi7Mg0,3) silumin alloy, where the said properties are changing as a result of subjecting the samples of different types to solution treatment. An important aspect of the studies was the use type of device for the heat treatment. As a basic parameter representing the mechanical properties, the tensile strength of the metal (Rm) was adopted.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 4; 35-38
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The silumin coat structure on alloy ductile iron
Autorzy:
Szymczak, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/383363.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
innowacyjne technologie odlewnicze
żeliwo sferoidalne
silumin
innovative casting technologies
dip coats
alloy ductile iron
Opis:
The work presents the research results of the silumin coat structure applied on the carbidic alloy ductile iron with the metal matrix: pearlitic, bainitic and martensitic. The coats were made in the AlSi5 silumin bath at the temperature tk = 750±5ºC. The holding time of cast iron element in the bath was \tau = 180s. Irrespective of the kind of tested ductile iron the obtained coat consisted of three layers with a different phase composition. The first layer from the cast iron ground “g1” is built from Fe4CSi carbide which contains selected alloy additives of the cast iron. On it the second layer “g1” crystallizes. It consists of the AlFeSi inter-metallic phase which can appear in its pure form or contain a small quantity of the alloy additives of the cast iron. The last external part of the layer “g2” mainly consists of the hypo-eutectic phases of silumin. The AlFeSi inter-metallic phases in the form of free precipitations with a lamellar or faceted morphology can also appear there. These phases also can contain a small quantity of the alloy additives of the cast iron. More than that, in all the layers of the coat there are graphite precipitations. The phenomenon of graphite movement to the coat is caused by intensive dissolving of the cast iron element surface by the aluminum of the silumin bath.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 1; 119-124
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Selection of the Manufacturing of Aluminum Casting Alloys with Hypoeutectic Aluminum Silicon Group
Autorzy:
Knych, T.
Uliasz, P.
Wiecheć, J.
Paśko, J.
Jarosz, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379927.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
casting aluminium alloys
hypoeutectic silumins
heat treatment
odlew ze stopów aluminium
silumin podeutektyczny
obróbka cieplna
Opis:
Aluminum alloys are one of the most popular casting materials. Their enormous popularity due to a wide set of desired material properties such as high strength properties, low thermal expansion coefficient, high thermal and electrical conductivity, very good casting properties, including castability. The most common group of cast aluminum alloys are silumins, where the main alloy addition is silicon. Al-Si alloys are mainly used in the transport industry and construction applications. Another area of applications using this group of materials is the electrical and power engineering industry, where the crucial meaning has the correlation of two types of properties: electrical and mechanical. This paper presents the influence of alloying elements on the electrical properties and mechanical properties of materials undergoing heat treatment. Heat treatment include solution heat treatment and next aging or overaging. Electrical properties represents the electrical conductivity tested by eddy current method. Mechanical properties are in turn represented by the results of measurements of Brinell hardness. Tests include three alloys belong to hypoeutectic silumins group with silicon content in the range of 4,5 to 7 wt%. Si.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 1 spec.; 103-108
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The structure of the silumin coat on alloy cast steels
Autorzy:
Szymczak, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382899.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
innowacyjne technologie odlewnicze
powłoka zanurzeniowa
staliwo stopowe
silumin
innovative casting technologies
dip coating
alloy cast steel
Opis:
The work presents the analysis results of the structure of the coat obtained by dipping in silumin AlSi5 of two grades of alloy cast steel: GX6CrNiTi18-10 (LH18N9T) and GX39Cr13 (LH14). The temperature of the silumin bath was 750-5 C, and the hold-up time of the cast steel element [...] = 180 s. The absolute thickness of the coat obtained in the given conditions was g = 104 [...] on cast steel GX6CrNiTi18-10 and g = 132 [...] on GX39Cr13. The obtained coat consisted of three layers of different phase structure. The first layer from the base [...] was constructed of the phase AlFe including Si and alloy additives of the tested cast steel grades: Cr and Ni (GX6CrNiTi18-10) and Cr (GX39Cr13). The second layer [...] of intermetallic phases AlFe which also contains Si and Cr crystallizes on it. The last, external layer 'g2' of the coat consists of the silumin containing the intermetallic phases AlFeSi which additionally can contain alloy additives of the cast steel. It was shown that there were no carbides on the coat of the tested cast steels which are the component of their microstructure, as it took place in the case of the coat on the high speed steels.
Źródło:
Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 2; 215-220
1897-3310
2299-2944
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 29

Ta witryna wykorzystuje pliki cookies do przechowywania informacji na Twoim komputerze. Pliki cookies stosujemy w celu świadczenia usług na najwyższym poziomie, w tym w sposób dostosowany do indywidualnych potrzeb. Korzystanie z witryny bez zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies oznacza, że będą one zamieszczane w Twoim komputerze. W każdym momencie możesz dokonać zmiany ustawień dotyczących cookies