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    Tytuł:
    Żeliwo ADI przeznaczone do pracy w warunkach obciążenia dynamicznego
    Austempered Ductile Iron to Work in the Conditions of Dynamic Load
    Autorzy:
    Sokolnicki, M.
    Guzik, E.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382219.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    żeliwo ADI
    hartowanie
    udarność
    niskie temperatury
    ADI cast iron
    hardening
    toughness
    low temperature
    Opis:
    Żeliwo ADI posiada wiele odmian. Tematem artykułu jest najbardziej popularna odmiana ADI - (Austempered Ductile Iron) hartowanie z przemianą izotermiczną. Dzięki zastosowaniu w.w. rodzaju obróbki cieplnej uzyskuje się żeliwo o wyjątkowo korzystnych właściwościach wytrzymałościowych i plastycznych. Istotnym elementem procesu otrzymywania żeliwa wysokojakościowego jest aby w strukturze występował ausferryt.
    ADI makes an alternative to steel casting for constructors. High mechanical properties of ADI compare with parameters of quenched and tempered structural cast steel. A factor that is decisive for replacing steel casting with cast iron is elongation. For castings used in temperatures below 0oC a specified level of impact energy in negative temperature is needed. Impact energy in low temperature ausferritic cast iron was evaluated on samples without notch, with notch V and notch U. The research was carried out in temperatures +20oC, 0oC, -20oC, -40oC and -60oC. Two kinds of cast iron were evaluated: GJS-800-10 and GJS-1200-3 Grade. The value of temperature transition zone for high and low impact energy was evaluated. ADI cast iron was chosen, as one that can successfully replace the low-alloyed structural cast steel in low temperature conditions.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 4 spec.; 115-118
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wpływ temperatury łamania na udarność żeliwa ADI
    Autorzy:
    Giętka, T.
    Ciechacki, K.
    Szykowny, T.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380325.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    żeliwo ADI
    udarność żeliwa
    skład chemiczny
    austenityzowanie
    cast iron ADI
    impact resistance
    chemical composition
    austenitising
    Opis:
    W publikacji podjęto próbę zbadania wpływu temperatury łamania w temperaturach 20°C, 0°C i – 20°C, na udarność żeliwa ADI. Do otrzymania żeliwa ADI użyto dwa wytopy żeliwa sferoidalnego różniące się składem chemicznym. Pierwszy zawierał oprócz pierwiastków podstawowych dodatkowo 0,48% Cu, drugi zaś 0,51% Cu i 0,72% Ni. Wariant obróbczy polegał na jednostopniowym austenityzowaniu w temperaturze tγ = 900°C, podchładzaniu do temperatury przemiany izotermicznej 375°C i wytrzymywaniu w czasie od 15 do 90 min.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 2 spec.; 87-92
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zmiany mikrostruktury i twardości żeliwa GJS-800-8 (ADI) wywołane zmęczeniem cieplnym
    Changes of microstructure and hardness of GJS-800-8 (ADI) cast iron caused by thermal fatigue
    Autorzy:
    Zych, J.
    Wróbel, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380410.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    zmęczenie cieplne
    żeliwo sferoidalne
    żeliwo ADI
    struktura żeliwa
    wytrzymałość na zmęczenie
    thermal fatigue
    ductile cast iron
    ADI
    cast iron structure
    fatigue strength
    Opis:
    W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań zmęczenia cieplnego żeliwa GJS-800-8. Określono wpływ maksymalnej temperatury cyklu (Tmax) na odporność na zmęczenie cieplne wyznaczane metodą L.F. Coffina. Opisano także zmiany struktury powodowane procesem zmęczenia cieplnego. Przedstawiono jak zmienia się twardość, która jest wyznacznikiem wysokiej wytrzymałości. Opisano zjawisko ferrytyzacji osnowy i spadku w procesie zmęczenia cieplnego twardości (HB) i związanej z twardością wytrzymałości (Rm). Wykazano iż w procesie zmęczenia cieplnego struktura żeliwa ADI ulega przemianie, osnowa ausferrytyczna jest przebudowywana najpierw w perlityczną a następnie w ferrytyczny. Wykazano, iż dodatki stopowe podnoszą znacząco wytrzymałość na zmęczenie cieplne (Mo, Ni, Cu), nie stabilizują struktury żeliwa przy jej cyklicznym nagrzewaniu, jednak spowalniają proces przemian struktury. Podniesienie temperatury cyklu cieplnego zmniejsza odporność na zmęczenie cieplne żeliwa ADI, przyśpiesza przemiany mikrostruktury oraz „z cyklu na cykl” obniża jego wytrzymałość.
    The work presents results of investigations on thermal fatigue of GJS-800-8 cast iron. Influence of the maximum temperature of cycle (Tmax) on the thermal fatigue determined by L.F. Coffin method was determined. Changes of structure caused by the thermal fatigue were described. Changes of hardness of ADI cast iron during the thermal fatigue process as a function of maximum cycle temperature (Tmax) were presented. Phenomena of matrix ferritization and decrease of hardness (HB) and related to it strength (Rm) during the thermal cycle process were described. It was shown that during the thermal fatigue process structure of ADI cast iron transforms in such a way that austoferritic matrix first reconstructs to perlitic and then to ferritic one. It was proved, that alloy addition significantly increase thermal fatigue resistance (Mo, Ni, Cu) and do not stabilize cast iron structure during cyclic heating, but they slow down the changes process. Increase of the thermal cycle temperature decreases thermal fatigue resistance of ADI cast iron, and accelerates changes of its microstructure, and “cycle by cycle” decreases its strength. After exceeding Tmax=500ºC thermal fatigue process also causes decrease of hardness (HB).
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 1s; 205-208
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mathematical Model of Bainitic Transformation in Austempered Ductile Iron
    Autorzy:
    Olejarczyk-Wożeńska, I.
    Adrian, H.
    Mrzygłód, B.
    Głowacki, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380252.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    phase transformations modelling
    austenite ferrite transformation
    ADI cast iron
    TTT diagram
    przemiany fazowe
    transformacja austenityczna
    żeliwo ADI
    diagram TTT
    Opis:
    A mathematical model of austenite - bainite transformation in austempered ductile cast iron has been presented. The model is based on a model developed by Bhadeshia [1, 2] for modelling the bainitic transformation in high-silicon steels with inhibited carbide precipitation. A computer program has been developed that calculates the incubation time, the transformation time at a preset temperature, the TTT diagram and carbon content in unreacted austenite as a function of temperature. Additionally, the program has been provided with a module calculating the free energy of austenite and ferrite as well as the maximum driving force of transformation. Model validation was based on the experimental research and literature data. Experimental studies included the determination of austenite grain size, plotting the TTT diagram and analysis of the effect of heat treatment parameters on the microstructure of ductile iron. The obtained results show a relatively good compatibility between the theoretical calculations and experimental studies. Using the developed program it was possible to examine the effect of austenite grain size on the rate of transformation.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 4; 200-206
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Methodology of Fault Diagnosis in Ductile Iron Melting Process
    Autorzy:
    Perzyk, M.
    Kozlowski, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382169.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    quality management
    information technology
    foundry industry
    process fault diagnosis
    ductile iron
    data driven model
    zarządzanie jakością
    technologia informatyczna
    przemysł odlewniczy
    diagnostyka uszkodzeń
    żeliwo ADI
    model danych
    Opis:
    Statistical Process Control (SPC) based on the Shewhart’s type control charts, is widely used in contemporary manufacturing industry, including many foundries. The main steps include process monitoring, detection the out-of-control signals, identification and removal of their causes. Finding the root causes of the process faults is often a difficult task and can be supported by various tools, including data-driven mathematical models. In the present paper a novel approach to statistical control of ductile iron melting process is proposed. It is aimed at development of methodologies suitable for effective finding the causes of the out-of-control signals in the process outputs, defined as ultimate tensile strength (Rm) and elongation (A5), based mainly on chemical composition of the alloy. The methodologies are tested and presented using several real foundry data sets. First, correlations between standard abnormal output patterns (i.e. out-of-control signals) and corresponding inputs patterns are found, basing on the detection of similar patterns and similar shapes of the run charts of the chemical elements contents. It was found that in a significant number of cases there was no clear indication of the correlation, which can be attributed either to the complex, simultaneous action of several chemical elements or to the causes related to other process variables, including melting, inoculation, spheroidization and pouring parameters as well as the human errors. A conception of the methodology based on simulation of the process using advanced input - output regression modelling is presented. The preliminary tests have showed that it can be a useful tool in the process control and is worth further development. The results obtained in the present study may not only be applied to the ductile iron process but they can be also utilized in statistical quality control of a wide range of different discrete processes.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 4; 101-108
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Preliminary evaluation of the applicability of F, V and AEsignals in diagnosis of ADI machining process
    Autorzy:
    Myszka, D.
    Bombiński, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381921.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    austempered ductile iron
    machining
    diagnosis
    ADI machining process
    żeliwo sferoidalne
    obróbka
    diagnostyka
    obróbka ADI
    Opis:
    In this study, a preliminary evaluation was made of the applicability of the signals of the cutting forces, vibration and acoustic emission in diagnosis of the hardness and microstructure of ausferritic ductile iron and tool edge wear rate during its machining. Tests were performed on pearlitic-ferritic ductile iron and on three types of ausferritic ductile iron obtained by austempering at 400, 370 and 320°C for 180 minutes. Signals of the cutting forces (F), vibration (V) and acoustic emission (AE) were registered while milling each type of the cast iron with a milling cutter at different degrees of wear. Based on individual signals from all the sensors, numerous measures were determined such as e.g. the average or maximum signal value. It was found that different measures from all the sensors tested depended on the microstructure and hardness of the examined material, and on the tool condition. Knowing hardness of the material and the cutting tool edge condition, it is possible to determine the structure of the material .Simultaneous diagnosis of microstructure, hardness, and the tool condition is probably feasible, but it would require the application of a diagnostic strategy based on the integration of numerous measures, e.g. using neural networks.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 1; 91-96
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Austenitization of FerriticDuctile Iron
    Autorzy:
    Krzyńska, A.
    Kochański, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379464.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    austenitization
    ductile iron
    ferritic matrix
    matrix structure
    ADI
    austenityzacja
    żeliwo sferoidalne
    Opis:
    Austenitization is the first step of heat treatment preceding the isothermal quenching of ductile iron in austempered ductile iron (ADI) manufacturing. Usually, the starting material for the ADI production is ductile iron with more convenient pearlitic matrix. In this paper we present the results of research concerning the austenitizing of ductile iron with ferritic matrix, where all carbon dissolved in austenite must come from graphite nodules. The scope of research included carrying out the process of austenitization at 900oC using a variable times ranging from 5 to 240 minutes,and then observations of the microstructure of the samples after different austenitizing times. These were supplemented with micro-hardness testing. The research showed that the process of saturating austenite with carbon is limited by the rate of dissolution of carbon from nodular graphite precipitates.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 4; 49-54
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of Heat Treatment Parameters on the Toughness of Unalloyed Ausferritic Ductile Iron
    Autorzy:
    Guzik, E.
    Sokolnicki, M.
    Nowak, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382323.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    ductile cast iron
    heat treatment
    ADI
    toughness
    mechanical properties
    ausferrite
    żeliwo sferoidalne
    obróbka cieplna
    wytrzymałość
    właściwości mechaniczne
    Opis:
    Studies were carried out to determine the effect of heat treatment parameters on the plastic properties of unalloyed ausferritic ductile iron, such as the elongation and toughness at ambient temperature and at – 60°C. The effect of austenitizing temperature (850, 900 and 950°C) and ausferritizing time (5 - 180 min.) at a temperature of 360°C was also discussed. The next step covered investigations of a relationship that is believed to exist between the temperature (270, 300, 330, 360 and 390°C) and time (5, 10, 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 240 min.) of the austempering treatment and the mechanical properties of unalloyed ausferritic ductile iron, when the austenitizing temperature is 950°C. The “process window” was calculated for the ADI characterized by high toughness corresponding to the EN-GJS-800-10-RT and EN-GJS-900-8 grades according to EN-PN 1564 and to other high-strength grades included in this standard. Low-alloyed cast iron with the nodular graphite is an excellent starting material for the technological design of all the ausferritic ductile iron grades included in the PN-EN-1624 standard. The examined cast iron is characterized by high mechanical properties stable within the entire range of heat treatment parameters.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2016, 16, 2; 79-84
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Effect of the carbides and matrix on the wear resistance of nodular cast iron
    Autorzy:
    Gumienny, G.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380497.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    wear resistant alloy
    carbidic nodular cast iron
    wear resistance
    ADI
    stop odporny na ścieranie
    żeliwo sferoidalne
    odporność na zużycie
    Opis:
    This paper presents the results of the abrasive wear resistance of selected types of nodular cast iron, including ADI, cooperating with quartz sand and 100 grit abrasive paper. It has been shown that carbides in nodular cast iron cause an increase in wear resistance of 6 to 12% depending on the surface fraction of the carbides and type of the matrix. For the same unit pressure the mass loss of the cast iron cooperating with quartz sand is many times larger than the cast iron cooperating with abrasive paper. For both abrasives the highest wear resistance showed nodular cast iron with upper and lower bainite and carbides.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2013, 13, 3; 25-29
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prediction of Selected Mechanical Properties in Austempered Ductile Iron with Different Wall Thickness by the Decision Support Systems
    Autorzy:
    Jaśkowiec, Krzysztof
    Opaliński, Andrzej
    Kustra, Piotr
    Jach, D.
    Wilk-Kołodziejczyk, Dorota
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314159.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    ADI
    austempered ductile iron
    mechanical properties
    prediction
    decision support systems
    decision tree
    żeliwo sferoidalne
    właściwości mechaniczne
    prognozowanie
    systemy wspomagania decyzji
    Opis:
    The structure of Austempered Ductile Iron (ADI) is depend of many factors at individual stages of casting production. There is a rich literature documenting research on the relationship between heat treatment and the resulting microstructure of cast alloy. A significant amount of research is conducted towards the use of IT tools for indications production parameters for thin-walled castings, allowing for the selection of selected process parameters in order to obtain the expected properties. At the same time, the selection of these parameters should make it possible to obtain as few defects as possible. The input parameters of the solver is chemical composition Determined by the previous system module. Target wall thickness and HB of the product determined by the user. The method used to implement the solver is the method of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO). The developed IT tool was used to determine the parameters of heat treatment, which will ensure obtaining the expected value for hardness. In the first stage, the ADI cast iron heat treatment parameters proposed by the expert were used, in the next part of the experiment, the settings proposed by the system were used. Used of the proposed IT tool, it was possible to reduce the number of deficiencies by 3%. The use of the solver in the case of castings with a wall thickness of 25 mm and 41 mm allowed to indication of process parameters allowing to obtain minimum mechanical properties in accordance with the PN-EN 1564:2012 standard. The results obtained by the solver for the selected parameters were verified. The indicated parameters were used to conduct experimental research. The tests obtained as a result of the physical experiment are convergent with the data from the solver.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2023, 23, 2; 137--144
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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