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    Wyświetlanie 1-13 z 13
    Tytuł:
    Comparative Studies of Microstructure and Fatigue Life of Selected Lead-free Alloys
    Autorzy:
    Pietrzak, K.
    Klasik, A.
    Maj, M.
    Sobczak, N.
    Wojciechowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379514.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    lead free alloys
    microstructure
    mechanical properties
    stopy bezołowiowe
    mikrostruktura
    właściwości mechaniczne
    Opis:
    Lead-free alloys containing various amounts of zinc (4.5%, 9%, 13%) and constant copper addition (1%) were discussed. The results of microstructure examinations carried out by light microscopy (qualitative and quantitative) and by SEM were presented. In the light microscopy, a combinatorial method was used for the quantitative evaluation of microstructure. In general, this method is based on the phase quanta theory according to which every microstructure can be treated as an arrangement of phases/structural components in the matrix material. Based on this method, selected geometrical parameters of the alloy microstructure were determined. SEM examinations were based on chemical analyses carried out in microregions by EDS technique. The aim of the analyses was to identify the intermetallic phases/compounds occurring in the examined alloys. In fatigue testing, a modified low cycle fatigue test method (MLCF) was used. Its undeniable advantage is the fact that each time, using one sample only, several mechanical parameters can be estimated. As a result of structure examinations, the effect of alloying elements on the formation of intermetallic phases and compounds identified in the examined lead-free alloys was determined. In turn, the results of mechanical tests showed the effect of intermetallic phases identified in the examined alloys on their fatigue life. Some concepts and advantages of the use of the combinatorial and MLCF methods in materials research were also presented.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 3; 111-116
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Microstructural Aspects of Fatigue Parameters of Lead-Free Sn-Zn Solders with Various Zn Content
    Autorzy:
    Pietrzak, K.
    Klasik, A.
    Maj, M.
    Wojciechowski, A.
    Sobczak, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379846.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    lutowanie bezołowiowe
    mikrostruktura
    właściwości mechaniczne
    lead-free solders
    microstructure
    mechanical properties
    Opis:
    The study includes the results of research conducted on selected lead-free binary solder alloys designed for operation at high temperatures. The results of qualitative and quantitative metallographic examinations of SnZn alloys with various Zn content are presented. The quantitative microstructure analysis was carried out using a combinatorial method based on phase quanta theory, according to which any microstructure can be treated as an array of elements disposed in the matrix material. Fatigue tests were also performed using the capabilities of a modified version of the LCF method hereinafter referred to in short as MLCF, which is particularly useful in the estimation of mechanical parameters when there are difficulties in obtaining a large number of samples normally required for the LCF test. The fatigue life of alloys was analyzed in the context of their microstructure. It has been shown that the mechanical properties are improved with the Zn content increasing in the alloy. However, the best properties were obtained in the alloy with a chemical composition close to the eutectic system, when the Zn-rich precipitates showed the most preferred morphological characteristics. At higher content of Zn, a strong structural notch was formed in the alloy as a consequence of the formation in the microstructure of a large amount of the needle-like Zn-rich precipitates deteriorating the mechanical characteristics. Thus, the results obtained during previous own studies, which in the field of mechanical testing were based on static tensile test only, have been confirmed. It is interesting to note that during fatigue testing, both significant strengthening and weakening of the examined material can be expected. The results of fatigue tests performed on SnZn alloys have proved that in this particular case the material was softened.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 1; 131-136
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Microstructural Aspects of Fatigue Life of Sn-Zn Lead-free Solders with 1% of Ag Addition
    Autorzy:
    Pietrzak, K.
    Klasik, A.
    Maj, M.
    Sobczak, N.
    Wojciechowski, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382245.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    lead-free solders
    microstructure
    mechanical properties
    lutowanie bezołowiowe
    mikrostruktura
    właściwości mechaniczne
    Opis:
    The article presents the study results of Sn-Zn lead-free solders with the various Zn content. The results concern the hypoeutectic, eutectic and hypereutectic alloys containing respectively 4.5% Zn, 9% Zn and 13.5% Zn. Moreover, these alloys contain the constant Ag (1%) addition. The aim of the study was to determine the microstructural conditionings of their fatigue life. In particular it was focused on answer the question what meaning can be assigned to the Ag addition in the chemical composition of binary Sn-Zn alloys. The research includes a qualitative and quantitative assessments of the alloy microstructures, that have been carried out in the field of light microscopy (LM). In order to determine some geometrical parameters of the microstructure of alloys the combinatorial method based on the phase quanta theory was applied. Moreover, for the identification necessities the chemical analyses in the micro-areas by SEM/EDS technics were also performed. Based on the SEM/EDS results the phases and intermetallic compounds existing in the examined lead-free solders were identified. The mechanical characteristics were determined by means of the modified low cycle test (MLCF). Based on this method and on the results obtained every time from only one sample the dozen of essential mechanical parameters were evaluated. The research results were the basis of analyzes concerning the effects of microstructural geometrical parameters of lead-free alloys studied on their fatigue life at ambient temperature.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 1; 87-92
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Microstructure and Fatigue Life of the Binary Lead-free Alloys with High Zn Content
    Autorzy:
    Pietrzak, K.
    Klasik, A.
    Maj, M.
    Sobczak, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382479.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    lead free alloy
    alloy microstructure
    mechanical properties
    stop bezołowiowy
    mikrostruktura stopu
    właściwości mechaniczne
    Opis:
    The results of studies presented in this article are an example of the research activity of the authors related to lead-free alloys. The studies covered binary SnZn90 and SnZn95 lead-free alloys, including their microstructure and complex mechanical characteristics. The microstructure was examined by both light microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The identification of alloy chemical composition in micro-areas was performed by SEM/EDS method. As regards light microscopy, the assessment was of both qualitative and quantitative character. The determination of the geometrical parameters of microstructure was based on an original combinatorial method using phase quantum theory. Comprehensive characterization of mechanical behavior with a focus on fatigue life of alloys was performed by means of the original modified low cycle fatigue method (MLCF) adapted to the actually available test machine. The article discusses the fatigue life of binary SnZn90 and SnZn95 alloys in terms of their microstructure. Additionally, the benefits resulting from the use of the combinatorial method in microstructure examinations and MLCF test in the quick estimation of several mechanical parameters have been underlined.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 4; 65-70
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Mössbauer Spectroscopy in the Studies of Iron Phases From the Slags After Zinc and Lead Production
    Autorzy:
    Jonczy, I.
    Fornal, P.
    Stanek, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380117.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    Mössbauer spectroscopy
    phase composition
    slag after zinc
    lead production
    spektroskopia Mössbauera
    skład fazowy
    produkcja ołowiu
    Opis:
    Upper Silesia District is one of the most polluted areas in the country. Rich deposits of metal ores and hard coal have contributed to the extensive development of metallurgy and mine industry which started as early as in the Middle Ages. The ecological hazard can be illustrated by an over 100-year-old waste dump of Zn-Pb ores in one of the Silesian cities – in Ruda Śląska. Despite the long storage period, the wastes, represented mainly by weathered slags as also vitrified waste material, contain of lot of heavy metals in varied their chemical forms. The following metals have been found in wastes: Cd, Pb, Zn, As, Cu, Ti and other, and also a lot of amounts of iron. In the article the results Mössbauer spectroscopy are presented, as a preliminary stage of mineralogical studies of Zn-Pb wastes. Depending on the type of tested waste material different iron phases have been shown: in the weathered slag four different products of the iron oxidation were detected: divalent Fe(OH)2, mixed valence magnetite, Fe3O4 and three valence Fe(OH)3, α Fe2O3 and γ-Fe2O3 compounds, in the vitrified material metallic forms of iron are dominated.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 3 spec.; 21-24
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The “Metallurgists Hoard”. Silver and Lead Smelting in the Early Medieval Poland
    Autorzy:
    Garbacz-Klempka, A.
    Rozmus, D.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382578.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    non-destructive testing
    archaeometallurgy
    silver
    lead
    X-ray fluorescence
    cupellation
    badania nieniszczące
    srebro
    ołów
    XRF
    Opis:
    During archaeological research of early medieval settlement in Dąbrowa Górnicza - Łosień, a hoard of silver coins and silver smelts was discovered, over 1000 items in total. There was also found a mining shaft and numerous furnaces in the settlement area, confirming its mining and metallurgical character. The settlement development was based on excavating and smelting rich lead ores, containing significant amount of silver. Silver was separated from lead in successive stages with the help of cupellation. The paper presents the analyses of silver smelts and coins coming from the hoard. Optical and scanning microscopy were applied as well as the methods of chemical content analysis by X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF), Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy in microareas (SEM-EDS), and also phase analysis with the help of X-Ray Diffraction method (XRD). The impurities of the silver clumps testify to the fact that they are semi-products. After refining and modifying the material by adding copper, denars were minted from it. The silver coins belonging the hoard are made from relatively pure material, including a small lead. An insignificant amount of other metallic elements testifies to the good quality of the raw material and efficiency of silver production in the early Middle Ages.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2015, 15, 1 spec.; 17-20
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Microstructure and Mechanical Characteristics of the Ternary SnZnAl Lead-Free Alloy
    Autorzy:
    Pietrzak, K.
    Klasik, A.
    Maj, M.
    Sobczak, N.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380398.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    lead free alloy
    microstructure
    mechanical properties
    scanning electron microscopy
    stop bezołowiowy
    mikrostruktura
    właściwości mechaniczne
    mikroskop skaningowy
    Opis:
    The paper describes the studies of ternary SnZn9Al1.5 lead-free alloy from the viewpoint of its mechanical behavior as well as microstructure examined by the light and scanning electron microscopy. The authors focused their attention specifically on the fatigue parameters determined by the original modified low-cycle fatigue method (MLCF), which in a quick and economically justified way allows determination of a number of mechanical parameters based on the measurement data coming from one test sample only. The effect of the addition of 1.5% Al to the binary eutectic SnZn9 alloy on its microstructure and the obtained level of mechanical parameters was analyzed. The phases and intermetallic compounds occurring in the alloy were identified based on the chemical analysis carried out in micro-areas by the SEM/EDS technique. It was shown that the addition of 1.5% Al to the binary eutectic SnZn9 alloy resulted in a more favorable microstructure and consequently had a positive effect on the mechanical parameters of the alloy. Based on the conducted research, it was recommended to use a combinatorial method based on the phase quanta theory to quickly evaluate the microstructure and the original MLCF method to determine a number of mechanical parameters.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2018, 18, 3; 31-36
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Miedź i ołów - zanieczyszczenia historyczne na Rynku Głównym w Krakowie
    Copper and lead – the historical origin of the base soils contamination of the Market Square in Krakow
    Autorzy:
    Garbacz-Klempka, A.
    Wardas-Lasoń, M.
    Rzadkosz, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/381962.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    ochrona środowiska
    miedź
    ołów
    zanieczyszczenie gruntu
    historia techniki
    environment protection
    copper
    lead
    ground contaminants
    history of technology
    Opis:
    Zanieczyszczenie środowiska pierwiastkami metalicznymi związane jest z historyczną aktywnością człowieka, szczególnie tą o charakterze produkcyjnym, ale ma także genezę w handlu, przetwórstwie i wykorzystywaniu w codziennym życiu przedmiotów metalowych. W czasie badań archeologicznych, prowadzonych w latach 2005-2010 w obrębie Rynku Głównego w Krakowie, pozyskano liczne zabytki metalowe, świadczące o obecności surowców metali, głównie miedzi i ołowiu. Równocześnie zarejestrowano szereg zjawisk, potwierdzających obecność w gruncie obszarów o ponadnormatywnej koncentracji pierwiastków metalicznych. Najwyższe kumulacje miedzi i ołowiu obecne są w warstwach gruntu w rejonach związanych z funkcjonowaniem w średniowieczu urzędu Wielkiej Wagi. Zastosowano zarówno metody makro- i mikroskopowych obserwacji artefaktów, badania ich składu chemicznego metodami spektroskopii fluorescencji rentgenowskiej (XRF) i fluorescencyjnej analizy rentgenowskiej w mikroobszarach (SEM EDS), jak i oznaczanie zawartości metali wyekstrahowanych z próbek gruntów za pomocą absorpcyjnej spektroskopii atomowej (AAS). Efekty przeprowadzonych badań z zakresu metaloznawstwa i geochemii przyniosły potwierdzenie faktu historycznej obróbki metali na Rynku Głównym w Krakowie, która stanowi główną przyczynę tak znacznego skażenia wielu komponentów środowiska ówczesnego miasta.
    Metallic elements contamination of the environment is associated with historical human activities, particularly with production, but it also comes from trade, processing, and the everyday use of metal products. A large number of historical metal items collected in the Krakow Market Square area during archeological investigation carried out in 2005-2010 signify the presence of crude metals, mainly copper and lead. At the same time a number of phenomena were recorded that confirm the presence of areas with the metallic elements above-standard concentration in the soil. The highest accumulations of copper and lead appeared in soil layers in the area where Wielka Waga (Great Scales building) was located in the Middle Ages. Both macro- and microscopy methods were employed for observation of artifacts and for their chemical analysis using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) methods and Scanning Electron Microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM EDS) methods; the content of metals extracted from soil samples was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results of geochemical and metal science investigations confirm the fact of historical metal processing being the main reason for such a significant pollution level of many environmental components in the town at that time.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2012, 12, 1s; 33-38
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    New Ecological Cast Bronzes for Fittings Manufactured from Recycled Waste
    Autorzy:
    Malec, Witold
    Cwolek, Beata
    Brudny, Anna
    Juszczyk, Barbara
    Kulasa, Joanna
    Hury, Anna
    Marek, W.
    Stolorz, K.
    Wróbel, D.
    Filipowicz, A.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27314124.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    wastes
    recycling
    continuous casting
    machining bronze
    lead-free copper alloy
    odpady
    recykling
    odlewanie ciągłe
    obróbka brązu
    bezołowiowy stop miedzi
    Opis:
    The article presents tests on a new lead-free bronze CuSn4Zn2PS, intended for fittings for contact with drinking water, in which the addition of lead was replaced with sulphur. The subject of the experimental work was the production of semi-finished products from this alloy based on the charge coming entirely from waste generated after machining. A specialized pilot line was used for the tests, and after cleaning, the waste was melted and then were continuously cast in the form of rods and hollow rods. The cleaning efficiency was assessed, and the manufactured semi-finished products were subjected to tests, including the assessment of the chemical and mechanical homogeneity and the structure of the test batch of the semi-finished casting products in terms of the possibility of manufacturing products meeting the requirements of technical specifications. The obtained results, both in terms of a stable chemical composition, homogeneous and reproducible mechanical properties, fully compliant with the specifications for fittings bronzes (CC499K), as well as the lack of faults of the obtained semi-finished products, despite a very large share of waste material, indicate the possibility of using the tested recycling method for the production of semi-products of sulphur bronze, which is an alloy that is relatively difficult to manufacture.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2023, 23, 1; 37--42
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Odpady hutnicze z rejonu Złotego Stoku
    Metallurgical Waste from the Złoty Stok Region
    Autorzy:
    Garbacz-Klempka, A.
    Wardas-Lasoń, M.
    Rzadkosz, S.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/382508.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    ochrona środowiska
    archeometalurgia
    złoto
    ołów
    żużle
    mikrostruktura
    mikroanaliza
    wskaźniki fizykochemiczne
    environmental protection
    gold
    lead
    slags
    microstructure
    microanalysis
    physico-chemical indicators
    Opis:
    W okolicach Złotego Stoku na Dolnym Śląsku w okresie średniowiecza intensywnie eksploatowano złoża, w których występowanie złota wiązało się z obecnością rud arsenowych. Pozostałością działalności licznych hut w tym rejonie są żużle hutnicze. W celu pozyskania złota stosowano nowoczesne na owe czasy metody z wykorzystaniem ołowiu. Potwierdzają to zarówno obrazy mikrostruktury historycznych żużli hutniczych, jak i jakościowa ocena zawartości pierwiastków metalicznych w badanym materiale. Dawna działalność hutnicza pozostawiła także ślady w pobliżu obszarów produkcyjnych, obecne do dziś w postaci zanieczyszczeń gleb i osadów wodnych. W górskiej dolinie Złotego Jaru rejon objęty opróbowaniem historycznych odpadów hutniczych wyznaczony został biegiem wyrobisk Pola Wschodniego (Pole Góry Krzyżowej). Celem badań jest określenie, czy technologia odzysku złota „zapisała się” w odpadach zgromadzonych na licznych hałdach. Składają się one głównie z żużli, faz poflotacyjnych oraz skał z przerostami rudonośnymi, stanowiąc materiał niezmiernie zróżnicowany pod względem fazowym, strukturalnym i teksturalnym.
    In the Middle Ages, in the area of Złoty Stok in the Lower Silesia, metal ores where the presence of gold was accompanied by arsenic ores were intensively exploited and metallurgical slags testify to the activities of numerous melting workshops in this area. To obtain gold, relatively advanced, lead-involving methods were applied which is attested by both the microstructure pictures of historical metallurgical slags and by qualitative assessment of metallic elements content in the material examined. The old metallurgical activities left their traces in the vicinity of production areas, still present in the form of soil and water sediment contamination. In the mountain valley of Złoty Jar the sampling area for historical metallurgical waste was determined by the course of Wschodnie Pole (Pole Góry Krzyżowej) excavations. The goal of the research is to determine if the technology of gold recovery has been 'recorded' in the waste accumulated in numerous heaps. They mainly consist of slags, post-floatation phases and rocks with ore outcrops, which present extremely varied material as far as phase, structure and texture are concerned.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2014, 14, 2 spec.; 23-28
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Metallurgical Slags as Traces of a 15th century Copper Smelter
    Autorzy:
    Garbacz-Klempka, A.
    Wardas-Lasoń, M.
    Kozana, J.
    Piękoś, M.
    Kwak, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/380298.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    environment protection
    archaeometallurgy
    metallurgy of copper
    environment pollution
    copper
    lead
    silver
    ochrona środowiska
    archeometalurgia
    metalurgia miedzi
    zanieczyszczenie środowiska
    miedź
    ołów
    srebro
    Opis:
    The research focuses on assessing the metal content, mainly copper, lead, iron and also silver in metallurgical slag samples from the area where historical metallurgical industry functioned. In the smelter located in Mogiła, near Krakow (southern Poland), whose operation is confirmed in sources from 1469, copper was probably refined as well as silver was separated from copper. Based on the change of chemical and soil phase content and also taking cartographic and historical data into account, considering the restrictions resulting from the modern land use the area was determined whose geochemical mapping can point to the location of the 15th century Jan Thurzo’s smelter in Mogiła near Krakow. Moreover, using the same approach with the samples of this kind here as with hazardous waste, an attempt has been made to assess their impact on the environment. Thereby, taking the geoenvironmental conditions into account, potential impact of the industrial activity has been assessed, which probably left large scale changes in the substratum, manifested in the structure, chemical content and soil phase changes. Discovering areas which are contaminated above the standard value can help to identify historical human activities, and finding the context in artefacts allows to treat geochemical anomalies as a geochronological marker. For this purpose the best are bed sediments, at present buried in the ground, of historical ditches draining the area of the supposed smelter. Correlating their qualities with analogical research of archeologically identified slags and other waste material allows for reconstructing the anthropopressure stages and the evaluation of their effects. The operation of Jan Thurzo’s smelter is significant for the history of mining and metallurgy of Poland and Central and Eastern Europe.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2017, 17, 2; 25-30
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Removal of Lead From Blister Copper by Melting in the Induction Vacuum Furnace
    Autorzy:
    Smalcerz, A.
    Blacha, L.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/946871.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2020
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    removal of lead
    vapour pressure
    blister copper
    induction vacuum furnace
    evaporation of metals
    refining of cooper
    usuwanie ołowiu
    miedź konwertorowa
    indukcyjny piec próżniowy
    topienie
    rafinacja
    Opis:
    The usage of the reduced pressure in the processes of smelting and refining of metal alloys allow to remove not only the gases dissolved in the metal bath, but also the impurities having a higher vapour pressure than the matrix metal. Blister copper produced in flash furnace contains many impurities such as lead, bismuth and arsenic. Some of them must be removed from molten metals, because of their deleterious effects on copper electrical properties. When the smelting process is carried out in the induction vacuum furnaces, the above-mentioned phenomenon is being intensified, one or another mixing of bath and increase in the surface area of mass exchange (liquid metal surface). The latter results from the formation of a meniscus being an effect of the electromagnetic field influence on the liquid metal. In the work, the results of refining blister copper in terms of removing lead from it, are presented. The experiments were carried out in the induction crucible vacuum furnace at temperatures of 1473 and 1523 K, and operating pressures in a range of 8 - 533 Pa.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2020, 20, 2; 84-88
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Lead-Free Casting Brasses. Investigations of the Corrosion Resistance and Shaping of Microstructure and Properties
    Autorzy:
    Kozana, J.
    Garbacz-Klempka, A.
    Piękoś, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/379921.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
    Tematy:
    innovative foundry technologies
    innovative foundry materials
    lead-free casting brasses
    mechanical properties
    microstructure
    environmental protection
    innowacyjne technologie odlewnicze
    innowacyjne materiały odlewnicze
    odlewy mosiężne bezołowiowe
    właściwości mechaniczne
    mikrostruktura
    ochrona środowiska
    Opis:
    The ecological factor is very important in shaping properties of alloys. It leads to a limitation or elimination, from the surroundings, of harmful elements from the heavy metals group. The so-called eco-brasses group comprises common lead-free brasses containing 10 to 40% of zinc and arsenic brasses of a high dezincification resistance. Among standardized alloys, CW511L alloy ( acc. to EN standard) or MS-60 alloy (acc. to DIN) can be mentioned. Investigations were performed on two different kinds of metal charges: ingots cast by gravity and the ones obtained in the semi-continuous casting technology with using crystallizers. The casting quality was analysed on the basis of the microstructure images and mechanical properties. The investigations also concerned increasing the corrosion resistance of lead-free alloys. This resistance was determined by the dezincification tendency of alloys after the introduction of alloying additions, i.e. aluminium, arsenic and tin. The investigations focused on the fact that not only alloying additions but also the production methods of charge materials are essential for the quality of produced castings. The introduced additions of aluminium and tin in amounts: 0÷1.2 wt% decreased the dezincification tendency, while arsenic, already in the amount of 0.033 wt%, significantly stopped corrosion, limiting the dezincification process of lead-free CuZn37 brass. At higher arsenic contents, corrosion occurs only within the thin surface layer of the casting (20 μ).
    Źródło:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering; 2019, 2; 113-118
    1897-3310
    2299-2944
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Foundry Engineering
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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