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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 24
Tytuł:
Petrologic studies of diagenetic history of coaly matter in the Podhale Flysch sediments, southern Poland
Autorzy:
Wagner, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973628.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
terrigenic organic matter
random reflectance of vitrininite
Podhale flysch
Polska
Opis:
Common occurrences of terrigenic organic matter (both disseminated and accumulated in layers) in sedimentary rocks were observed. The flysch sediments in the Podhale Trough and in other parts of the Carpathians are inadequately recognised from coal petrologic point of view. Studies were carried out in the eastern (2008) and western part (2009) of the Podhale Trough. Samples were collected from the exposures. Petrographic studies included microscopic observations of polished sections as well as mean random reflectance measurements of vitrinite (colotellinite) were done. In the Podhale Flysch, coalified organic matter is represented mostly by vitrinite and, in microscopic scale, mainly by collotellinite. The common occurrence of coaly matter is revealed. It is well–visible in sandstones and mudstones, usually as the bedding planes. The amounts of coaly matter in clay minerals and carbonates are small. Organic matter hosted in the Podhale Flysch strata represents diversified coalification ranks measured as random reflectance of vitrinite (colotellinite), which falls into the range from 0.49 to 1.00%. Such values are typical for low- to medium ranks of bituminous coal. Measurements of reflectance provided new data suitable for evaluation of thermal history of rocks in the Podhale Trough. The changes of vitrinite (colotellinite) mean reflectance of organic matter from the Podhale Flysch are relevant to the contents of crystalline illite – the recently applied geothermometer of diagenetic (katagenetic) transformations of clay minerals. If the thermal palaeogra- dient is known, random changes of reflectance of vitrinite can be used for estimations of both the maximum thickness of the Podhale Flysch during deposition and its later amount of erosion. It appears that estimation of ma- ximum thickness of the Podhale Flysch (i.e., depositional thickness after compaction) and the amount of erosion are almost identical with the estimations based upon the illitization of clay minerals.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2011, 81, No 2; 173-183
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The contribution of Stanisław Dżułyński to flysch sedimentology: A 'Western' perspective
Autorzy:
Kelling, G.
Walton, E. K.
Simpson, F.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191704.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
sedimentary structures
turbidites
Carpathian flysch
laboratory flume studies
knowledge transfer
Opis:
Abstract: In his ground-breaking research on the sedimentary structures of turbidites, Stanisław Dżułyński demonstrated and took to new levels of accomplishment the defining attributes of the Kraków School of flysch sedimentology established by Marian Książkiewicz at the Jagiellonian University. These attributes included a meticulous approach to fieldwork, the ability to recognize the scalar and vector relationships of diverse sedi- mentary features, a working knowledge of several languages, a capacity to describe systematically structures that had previously received scant attention in the world literature of geology, and innovation in the transfer of scientific knowledge. Dżułyński also added elements that were distinctively his own: a highly inventive approach to the replication of turbidite sedimentary structures in laboratory flumes, an openness to new ideas, boundless enthusiasm for his chosen field, and an exuberantly outgoing personality. In spite of worldwide recognition for his numerous and wide-ranging achievements in geology, he viewed himself first and foremost as one of the senior students of Marian Książkiewicz. In this role, Dżułyński utilised every opportunity to present with great insight and objectivity the work of the Kraków School, enthusiastically shared his extensive knowledge of sedimentology with experienced colleagues and new acquaintances alike and, in particular, gave generous encouragement to young researchers.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2007, 77, No 2; 93-103
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Advantages and limitations of interpretations of external morphology of detrital zircon: a case study of the Ropianka and Menilite formations (Skole Nappe, Polish Flysch Carpathians)
Autorzy:
Salata, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191222.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
detrital zircon
morphology
flysch
Skole Nappe
Outer Carpathians
Opis:
The zircon populations from the Campanian–Maastrichtian part of the Ropianka (Upper Cretaceous– Palaeocene) and Menilite (Oligocene–lower Miocene) formations in the northern part of the Skole Nappe in Poland were examined to evaluate interpretations of the external morphology of detrital zircon in provenance research. The advantage of the zircon typology method, supplemented with elongation measurements, is that it may be applied successfully to comparisons of euhedral zircon populations from sedimentary deposits of different ages and unknown provenance. The zircon typology method, along with elongation measurements of zircons, contributes valuable data that supplement conventional heavy-mineral analyses. It also permits the recognition of potential source areas and rock types for further comparative research.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2014, 84, 2; 153-165
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Source rocks for heavy minerals in lower part of Menilite Formation of Skole Nappe (Polish Flysch Carpathians), based on study of detrital garnet and tourmaline
Autorzy:
Salata, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191968.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
detrital tourmaline
detrital garnet
provenance
flysch
Menilite Formation
Oligocene
Skole Nappe
Opis:
The study focused on the chemistry of detrital garnet and tourmaline from sediments of the Boryslav and Kliva Sandstone types in the Oligocene part of the Menilite Formation of the Skole Nappe (Western Outer Carpathians, Poland), with regard to provenance. Almandine and almandine-pyrope compositional varieties are the most common garnets, with minor almandine-pyrope-grossular garnet. Scarce garnet grains, with grossular and spessartine as the dominant end-members, are also present. The tourmaline belongs to the alkali tourmaline principal group and represents the schörl-dravite series. The detrital garnet and tourmaline display strong, compositional similarities to minerals, occurring in igneous and metamorphic rocks of the Bohemian Massif, as well as to detrital grains, deposited within the internal basins of the massif. This suggests that the primary rocks for the garnet and tourmaline may be crystalline complexes of the Bohemian Massif. However, other uplifted areas, similar to the complexes of the Bohemian Massif, cannot be ruled out. Such hypothetical areas could be located in the northern foreland of the Carpathian basins. Euhedral tourmaline and other minerals, occurring in the heavy- mineral assemblages studied, most probably were derived from eroded and presently not exposed, crystalline complexes, originally situated in the Skole Basin foreland or within the basin.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2013, 83, 1; 1-17
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Contrasting styles of siliciclastic flysch sedimentation in the Upper Cretaceous of the Silesian Unit, Outer Western Carpathians : sedimentology and genetic implications
Autorzy:
Strzeboński, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2134836.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
Carpathian flysch
debrites
deep-sea deposits
depositional system
gravitational resedimentation
Silesian Basin
tractionites
turbidites
Late Cretaceous
Opis:
This study reports on a new set of sedimentological data and related interpretations of the Santonian–Campanian siliciclastic deposits in the Western Flysch Carpathians based on natural outcrops in the uppermost Godula Formation and lowermost Istebna Formation. The rationale was to confront the characteristics of this flysch succession with current controversies and state of knowledge on deep-water clastic sedimentation. The sedimentological analysis of the field data allowed for multi-scale synthetic classifications of the depositional components in the investigated flysch. The hierarchical and practical nature of the suggested classification schemes allows for their application to similar deposits in other regions. The siliciclastic deposits are products of gravity-driven terrigenous sediment redeposition via submarine slumps, debris flows, and turbidity currents. Sediment reworking by tractional bottom currents is considered as an accompanying factor. Point-sourced turbiditic fan lobe fringes from the submarine piedmont ramp and linearly supplied debritic covers along the slope apron are proposed as dominant. The innovative linking between the textural-structural descriptive features of the deposits and the critical determinants of specific sediment gravity-flow processes and architectural elements of the deepwater clastic depositional systems is a significant contribution to this research field.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2022, 92, 2; 159--180
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ichnological analysis of an Eocene mixed marly-siliciclastic flysch deposits in the Nienadowa Marl Member, Skole Unit, Polish Flysch Carpathians
Ichnologia eoceńskiego fliszu silikoklastyczno-marglistego z ogniwa margli z Nienadowej (og) (jednostka skolska, Polskie Karpaty Fliszowe)
Autorzy:
Rajchel, J.
Uchman, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191310.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Opis:
The Nienadowa Marl Member, composed mainly of various marly, mixed siliciclastic-marly, or siliciclastic thin-bedded turbidites, is deeply burrowed by opportunistic Thalassinoides, Chondrites, Phycosiphon and Scolicia. Ichnofabrics and the trace fossil assemblage indicate well oxygenated environment. Relatively low ichnodiversity is probably related to opportunistic burrowers influenced by possible eutrophy and strong sediment heterogeneity, as well as to preservational potential. Ichnofabrics and trace-fossil tiering patterns are different in the basinal sections of the Nienadowa Marl Member and in the slope/shelf environment represented by marlstone clasts in the coeval debris-flow deposits of the Czudec Clay. Thalassinoides penetrates deeper than Chondrites in the proximal turbidites and shallower than Chondrites in the distal turbidites.
Ogniwo margli z Nienadowej (og) złożone jest głównie z różnorodnych, marglistych, mieszanych silikoklastyczno-marglistych i silikoklastycznych, cienkoławicowych turbidytów. Utwory te są głęboko zbioturbowane i zawierają oportunistyczne skamieniałości śladowe: Thalassinoides, Chondrites, Phycosiphon i Scolicia. Ichnofabric i zespół skamieniałości śladowych wskazują na środowisko dobrze natlenione. Stosunkowo niskie zróżnicowanie ichnotaksonomiczne związane jest z oportunizmem infauny penetrującej w osadzie, przypuszczalnie powodowanym eutrofią, heterogenicznością składu petrograficznego osadu, oraz niskim potencjałem zachowania skamieniałości śladowych. Ichnofabric i skamieniałości śladowe różnią się między basenowymi facjami reprezentowanymi przez ogniwo margli z Nienadowej (og), a facjami skłonu i głębszego szelfu, obecnymi w klastach z równowiekowych osadów spływów kohezyjnych (iły z Czudca). Thalassinoides penetruje głębiej niż Chondrites w facjach proksymalnych turbidytów, a płycej niż Chondrites w turbidytach facji dystalnych.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 1998, 68, 1; 61-74
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Garnet provenance in mixed first-cycle and poly-cycle heavy-mineral assemblages of the Ropianka and Menilite formations (Skole Nappe, Polish Flysch Carpathians): constraints from chemical composition and grain morphology
Autorzy:
Salata, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973614.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
detrital garnet
mixed provenance
protolith location
flysch
Skole Nappe
Carpathians
Opis:
Garnet in heavy-mineral assemblages, occurring in sandstones of the Campanian–Maastrichtian part of the Ropianka (Late Cretaceous–Palaeocene) and Menilite (Oligocene) formations of the Skole Nappe, is present as first-cycle and poly-cycle grains, derived from a proximal source, remote areas and/or from sedimentary rocks of the Skole Basin foreland. The garnets in the formations are compositionally similar, suggesting an origin from the same source rocks. Relatively large amounts of garnet, represented by euhedral or slightly rounded, weakly etched or unetched almandine and spessartine-almandine garnet, and minor pyrope-enriched almandine, were derived directly from a source close to the Skole Basin. These garnets are from sediments, metamorphosed at low- to medium-grade conditions (such as mica-schists, gneisses) and perhaps also granitic bodies. Rounded and variously etched garnets, especially high pyrope-almandine and pyrope-almandine-grossular varieties, but also partly almandine-dominated varieties, are suggested to have been derived from distant sources, such as sedimentary rocks of the Upper Silesian and Małopolska blocks. Rocks, forming uplifted parts of the crystalline basement of Brunovistulicum and/or crystalline domains of the Bohemian Massif, could have been protoliths for part of the almandine-dominated garnet population, whereas pyrope-grossular-almandine garnets may originate from the granulitic, eclogitic or metabasic rocks of the Bohemian Massif. The study shows that analyses of garnet composition, combined with observations on grain textural features and data on the lithology of clasts and pebbles, can permit the determination of sources for different garnet varieties in mixed-provenance populations.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2013, 83, 3; 161-177
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Taxonomy and ethology of flysch trace fossils: revision of the Marian Ksiazkiewicz collection and studies of complementary materia
Autorzy:
Uchman, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191312.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Opis:
Ichnotaxonomy of 1,840 of flysch trace fossil specimens from the Ksiazkiewicz collection is revised. The specimens derive from diverse Tithonian?Miocene flysch deposits of the Polish Carpathians. Their ichnotaxonomy, based on morphology, was published by Ksiazkiewicz in 1997. In the revision presented in this publication, the ichnotaxonomic subdivisions are based on type of behaviour represented by the considered trace fossil. As a result, several diagnoses are changed and several ichnospecies ascribed to other ichnogenera. Ichnogenera Hormosiroidea, Saerichnites, ?Parahaentzschelinia, Halopoa, Nereites, Beaconites, Cladichnus, Protovirgularia, Ubinia and Oscillorhaphe are used the first time in the Polish Carpathians. The ichnogenera Pararusophycus, Rhabdoglyphus, Fucusopsis, Traucumichnis, Sabularia, Granularia, Bostricophyton, Halymenidium, Buthotrephis, Tubulichnium, Tuberculichnus, Helminthoida, Muensteria, Keckia, and Taphrhelminthoida are not recommended for further use. The new ichnogenus Belocosmorhaphe n. igen. and the new ichnospecies name Cosmorhaphe carpathica nom. nov. are proposed. Ichnotaxa Trichichnus linearis Frey, Imponoglyphus torquendus Vialov, Palaeophycus tubularis Hall, Chondrites ?recurvus (Brongniart) and Arenituba isp. are distinguished for the first time in the Carpathian flysch on the base of Ksiazkiewicz material.
1840 okazów fliszowych skamieniałości śladowych z kolekcji Książkiewicza poddano ichnotaksonomicznej rewizji. Okazy te pochodzą z różnych tytońsko-mioceńskich utworów fliszowych Karpat polskich. Ich ichnotaksonomia, oparta na morfologii, była przedstawiona przez Książkiewicza w 1977 roku. W rewizji przedstawionej w niniejszej publikacji, wydzielenia ichnotaksonomiczne oparto na typie behawioru reprezentowanego przez daną skamieniałość śladową. W rezultacie, zmieniono szereg diagnoz. Wiele ichnogatunków zaliczono do innych niż dotąd ichnorodzajów. Ichnorodzaje Hormosiroidea, Saerichnites, ?Parahaentzschelinia, Halopoa, Nereites, Beaconites, Cladichnus, Protovirgularia, Ubinia i Oscillorhaphe użyto po raz pierwszy w Karpatch polskich. Ichnorodzaje Pararusophycus, Rhabdoglyphus, Fucusopsis, Traucumichnis, Sabularia, Granularia, Bostricophyton, Halymenidium, Buthotrephis, Tubulichnium, Tuberculichnus, Helminthoida, Muensteria, Keckia i Taphrhelminthoida nie są rekomendowane do dalszego używania. Zaproponowano nowy ichnorodzaj Belocosmorhaphe n. igen. i nową nazwę ichnogatunkową Cosmorhaphe carpathica nom. nov. Ichnotaksony Trichichnus linearis Frey, Imponoglyphus torquendus Vialov, Palaeophycus tubularis Hall, Chondrites ?recurvus (Brongniart), Arenituba isp. są wyróżnione po raz pierwszy we fliszu karpackim, w oparciu o materiał z kolekcji Książkiewicza.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 1998, 68, No. 2-3; 105-218
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stratigraphy of the Hieroglyphic Beds with “Black Eocene” facies in the Silesian Nappe (Outer Flysch Carpathians, Poland)
Autorzy:
Waśkowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191339.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
Eocene
Outer Carpathians
Hieroglyphic Beds
foraminifera
biostratigraphy
dark shales
Opis:
The lithologic variation and biostratigraphy of the Hieroglyphic Beds were examined in the Szczyrzyc Depression, where four lithologic complexes were distinguished. The biostratigraphy is based on agglutinated foraminifera and supported by scarce planktonic foraminifera. The lower part of the Hieroglyphic Beds contains non-characteristic, Ypresian foraminifers, including assemblages of small-sized Trochammina and at successively higher levels representatives of the Bartonian Ammodiscus latus Zone and the Priabonian Reticulophragmium gerochi Zone. The upper part of the Hieroglyphic Beds, composed of dark shales enriched in TOC (1–2%), corresponds to the deposits of the so-called Black Eocene, known from the Fore-Magura group of nappes. Redeposited flysch rocks resulting from episodes of subaqueous mass flow occur in the lower Bartonian part of the section.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2015, 85, 2; 321-343
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Maastrichtian climate changes : the calcareous nannofossil record from flysch deposits of the Outer Carpathians
Autorzy:
Wierzbicki, Adam
Kędzierski, Mariusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1836252.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
Late Maastrichtian warming
Deccan traps
K-Pg boundary
biostratigraphy
Skole Nappe
Opis:
The Outer Carpathians are known for a few sections, where transitions from the Upper Cretaceous to the Palaeogene, including the K-Pg boundary interval, were described. One of them, the Bąkowiec section in the Skole Nappe, was examined with reference to the record of biostratigraphy and palaeoenvironmental changes, mainly based on the analysis of calcareous nannofossil assemblages. This study shows no evidence for the K-Pg boundary; however, the presence of the nannofossil species Micula prinsii, marking the topmost Maastrichtian UC20dTP Zone, was noted. The appearance of this low-latitude taxon and relevant changes in the composition of nannofossil assemblages indicate an influx of Tethyan warm water into the northern Carpathian basins during the latest Maastrichtian, shortly before the K-Pg boundary event. Therefore, the authors infer that the upper part of the Bąkowiec section recorded the latest Maastrichtian warming of climate, probably triggered by Deccan volcanic activity.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2020, 90, 4; 447-462
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the new wildflysch-to-flysch, blueschist-rich Lower Visean succession of the Western Sudetes (SW Poland)
Autorzy:
Wajsprych, B.
Achramowicz, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973638.pdf
Data publikacji:
2003
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
wildflysch
olistosthromes
blueschists
silicified evaporites
Variscan orogen
Lugo-Sudeticum
Opis:
Field and laboratory works realized in last years allowed us to redefine one of the lithotectonic units of the western Sudetes, till now considered to be composed of Cambrian to Lower Carboniferous, stratigraphically coherent, volcano-sedimentary succession, as the Lower Carboniferous, probably lower Visean, wildflysch-to- flysch succession. This unit forms the westernmost part of the Kaczawa Complex and is situated at the boundary zone between the Kaczawa Mts. (Polish Sudetes) and the Görlitzer Schiefergebirge (Germany) or - at a larger scale - between the Sudetes and Lugian tectonostratigraphic zones of the Variscan orogen. Petrographical studies of rocks sampled from the larger allochthonous bodies (olistolithes and slide-sheets) of the wildflysch sequence have revealed some peculiar features of the lithic composition of this succession. They consist in the presence of: (1) - unmetamorphosed and metamorphosed volcanites with a distinct HP-overprint, characteristic of supra- subduction zones, gabbro-type plutonites, and relatively numerous detrital chromite grains indicating the occur- rence of ophiolite ultramafics in the source area; and (2) - large block(s) of rock composed of quartz (almost 100% SiO 2 ), previously interpreted as Palaeozoic quartz vein, now documented by the authors to be totally silicified primary evaporites, composed of gypsum (selenite), anhydrite and salt. The last finding would be of special significance as the first strong evidence of evaporites within the Variscan orogenic complex in Europe, if further studies confirm proposed here tectonic position of the silicified evaporites. General lithic composition of the Jędrzychowice/Ludwigsdorf wildflysch detrital material is characterised by the presence of such litholog ies, as: black and gray-to-green cherts, black shale mudstones and cherts, (turbi- dite-)siliciclastics, carbonates (both bioclastic and diagenetic), basic and acid, unmetamorphosed and epi-to- HP-metamorphosed volcanites, and gabbros and ultrabasites (the latter noted only by detrital chromites). Moreover, the siliciclastic material of the olistosthrome matrix discloses the presence of acid magmatic (granites) and high-grade metamorphics of gneiss-to- mica-schist type in the source areas. Such a compositio n of detrital material clearly reflects a typical tectonic mélange as the source terrane for the wildflysch deposit. It would mean that the Jędrzychowice/Ludwigsdorf wildflysch should be considered as the next, strong and unequivocal signal of large-scale tectonic mélange stage in a tectonic/geodynamic evolution of the Central European Palaeozoic orogenic system.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2003, 73, No 2; 123-137
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Trace fossils in the Cretaceous-Eocene flysch of the Sinop-Boyabat Basin, Central Pontides, Turkey
Autorzy:
Uchman, A.
Janbu, N. E.
Nemec, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191637.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
ichnology
Nereites ichnofacies
bathymetry
turbidites
tempestites
rift
foreland
Opis:
Sixty six ichnotaxa have been recognized in Barremian-Lutetian deep-marine deposits of the Sinop- Boyabat Basin, north-central Turkey, which evolved from a backarc rift into a retroarc foreland, with two episodes of major shallowing. The blackish-grey shales of the Çađlayan Fm (Barremian-Cenomanian) contain low- diversity traces fossils of mobile sediment feeders influenced by low oxygenation. One of the oldest occurrences of Scolicia indicates early adaptation to burrowing in organic-rich mud. The "normal" flysch of the Coniacian- Campanian Yemişliçay Fm bears a low-diversity Nereites ichnofacies influenced by volcanic activity. The Maastrichtian-Late Palaeocene carbonate flysch of the Akveren Fm contains a Nereites ichnofacies of moderate diversity, which is impoverished in the uppermost part, where tempestites indicate marked shallowing. The overlying variegated muddy flysch of the Atbaşý Fm (latest Palaeocene-earliest Eocene) bears an impoverished Nereites ichnofacies, which is attributed to oligotrophy and reduced preservation potential. The sand-rich silici-clastic flysch of the Kusuri Fm (Early-Middle Eocene) bears a high-diversity Nereites ichnofacies, except for the topmost part, where tempestites and littoral bioclastic limestone reflect rapid shallowing due to the tectonic closure of the basin. The turbiditic channel-fill and proximal lobe facies show a reduced trace-fossil diversity, but abundant Ophiomorpha , which is typical of the Ophiomorpha rudis sub-ichnofacies of the Nereites ichnofacies. The high abundance of Ophiomorpha in the Kusuri Fm and its low abundance in the Akveren Fm are related to plant detritus supply. The Kusuri turbiditic system was fed by a large delta, supplying rich plant detritus, whereas the Akveren system was fed by a carbonate ramp that supplied little or no such material. The extension of the Nereites ichnofacies into the tempestite-bearing neritic deposits at the top of both the Akveren and Kusuri formations indicates the capacity of the deep-water ichnofauna to survive in a rapidly-shoaling restricted basin. Only the topmost shoreface sandstones of the Akveren Fm show sporadic Ophiomorpha ? nodosa, a typical shallow-marine trace fossil.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2004, 74, No 2; 197-235
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Biostratigraphy and depositional anatomy of a large olistostrome in the Eocene Hieroglyphic Formation of the Silesian Nappe, Polish Outer Carpathians
Autorzy:
Waśkowska, A.
Cieszkowski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191292.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
olistostrome
olistoliths
foraminifers
flysch
Eocene
Outer Carpathians
Opis:
The study focuses on a large olistostrome unit (~200 m thick and 4 km in strike-parallel extent) embedded in the Mid-Eocene shaly Hieroglyphic Formation of the Silesian Nappe, exposed in the Rożnów Lake area. Foraminifer biostratigraphy and petrographic comparisons are used to identify the provenance of olistoliths. The olistostrome is tripartite with respect of its olistolith composition. The lower part of the olistostrome abounds in olistoliths of sandstones derived from the Early Eocene turbiditic Ciężkowice Formation, whereas the middle part is dominated by olistoliths of Early Eocene bathyal mudshales. The upper part contains olistoliths of Middle Eocene turbiditic “banded sandstones”, known from the Hieroglyphic Formation and deposited in the bathyal zone above the CCD. The bathyal provenance of the olistostrome contrasts with the abyssal origin of the hosting green shales. The olistostrome unit is inferred to be composite, emplaced in the earliest Bartonian or at the Lutetian/ Bartonian transition by a series of at least three large debris flows that closely followed one another. Biostratigra- phical data and slump-fold vergence suggest resedimentation from the bathyal northern slope of the Silesian Cordillera that bounded the abyssal Silesian Basin to the south. Northward movement of the thrust-formed cordillera must have warped up the base-of-slope deposits of the Ciężkowice Formation, causing their gravita- tional collapse. This event destabilized the former lower-slope muddy deposits, resulting in a second phase of resedimentation by retrogressive slumping, which led to the collapse of mid-slope sandy turbidites. The slope failures involved contemporaneous Mid-Eocene sediment with an admixture of foraminifers derived from the upper slope or shelf margin and with exotic bedrock debris shed from the eroded cordillera crest. The catastrophic multi-phase emplacement of the olistostrome marked the last major thrusting pulse of the second (Late Cretaceous–Late Eocene) stage of tectonic evolution of the Outer Carpathian accretionary prism.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2014, 84, 1; 51-70
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A lost carbonate platform deciphered from clasts embedded in flysch: Štramberk-type limestones, Polish Outer Carpathians
Autorzy:
Hoffmann, Mariusz
Kołodziej, Bogusław
Kowal-Kasprzyk, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1835996.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Tematy:
reefs
facies
Štramberk Limestone
Silesian Ridge
Jurassic
Cretaceous
Carpathian Basin
Polska
Opis:
Limestones designated the Štramberk-type are the most common carbonate exotic clasts (exotics) embedded in the uppermost Jurassic–Miocene flysch deposits of the Polish Outer Carpathians. About 80% of stratigraphically determinable carbonate exotics from the Silesian, Sub-Silesian and Skole units (nappes) are of Tithonian (mostly)–Berriasian (sporadically Valanginian) age. A study of these exotics revealed eight main facies types: coral-microbial boundstones (FT 1), microencruster-microbial-cement boundstones (FT 2), microbial and microbial-sponge boundstones (FT 3), detrital limestones (FT 4), foraminiferal-algal limestones (FT 5), peloidalbioclastic limestones (FT 6), ooid grainstones (FT 7), and mudstones-wackestones with calpionellids (FT 8). Štramberk-type limestones in Poland and the better known Štramberk Limestone in the Czech Republic are remnants of lost carbonate platforms, collectively designated the Štramberk Carbonate Platform. Narrow platforms were developed on intra-basinal, structural highs (some of them are generalized as the Silesian Ridge), with their morphology determined by Late Jurassic synsedimentary tectonics. An attempt was made to reconstruct the facies distribution on the Tithonian–earliest Cretaceous carbonate platform. In the inner platform, coral-microbial patch-reefs (FT 1) grew, while the upper slope of the platform was the depositional setting for the microencruster-microbial-cement boundstones (FT 2). Microbial and microbial-sponge boundstones (FT 3), analogous to the Oxfordian–Kimmeridgian boundstones of the northern Tethyan shelf (also present among exotics), were developed in a deeper setting. In the inner, open part of the platform, foraminiferal-algal limestones (FT 5) and peloidal-bioclastic limestones (FT 6) were deposited. Poorly sorted, detrital limestones (FT 4), including clastsupported breccias, were formed mainly in a peri-reefal environment and on the margin of the platform, in a high-energy setting. Ooid grainstones (FT 7), rarely represented in the exotics, were formed on the platform margin. Mudstones-wackestones with calpionellids (FT 8) were deposited in a deeper part of the platform slope and/or in a basinal setting. In tectonic grabens, between ridges with attached carbonate platforms, sedimentation of the pelagic (analogous to FT 8) and allodapic (“pre-flysch”) Cieszyn Limestone Formation took place. The most common facies are FT 4 and FT 1. Sedimentation on the Štramberk Carbonate Platform terminated in the earliest Cretaceous, when the platform was destroyed and drowned. It is recorded in a few exotics as thin, neptunian dykes (and large dykes in the Štramberk Limestone), filled with dark, deep-water limestones. Reefal facies of the Štramberk Carbonate Platform share similarities in several respects (e.g., the presence of the microencrustermicrobial-cement boundstones) with reefs of other intra-Tethyan carbonate platforms, but clearly differ from palaeogeographically close reefs and coral-bearing facies of the epicontinental Tethyan shelf (e.g., coeval limestones from the subsurface of the Carpathian Foredeep and the Lublin Upland in Poland; the Ernstbrunn Limestone in Austria and Czech Republic). Corals in the Štramberk Limestone and Štramberk-type limestones are the world’s most diverse coral assemblages of the Jurassic–Cretaceous transition. The intra-basinal ridge (ridges), traditionally called the Silesian Cordillera, which evolved through time from an emerged part of the Upper Silesian Massif to an accretionary prism, formed the most important provenance area for carbonate exotic clasts in the flysch of the Silesian Series. They are especially common in the Lower Cretaceous Hradiště Formation and the Upper Cretaceous–Paleocene Istebna Formation. The Baška-Inwałd 204 M. HOFFMANN Et Al. In the Polish Outer Carpathians, shallow-water carbonate sedimentation is recorded only by carbonate clasts, redeposited bioclasts, and very rare, small, unrooted, poorly exposed klippen. Clasts of limestones are exotic to the dominant siliciclastic, uppermost Jurassic–Miocene flysch deposits. They were derived from extrabasinal and intra-basinal source areas of the Carpathian rocks, which periodically emerged and were destroyed. Such rocks were described as “exotic” since the 19th century (“exotischen Graniten”, “exotische Blöcke”; Morlot, 1847; Hohenegger, 1861). In the general geological literature, the term “exotic clasts” is usually used (Flügel, 2010, p. 172), whereas in the Polish geological literature, the term “exotics” (Polish “egzotyki” including also carbonate exotics), is also commonly applied. On the basis of fossils, facies and microfacies, these clasts (pebbles, rarely blocks) are mostly described as Devonian–Carboniferous (Malik, 1978, 1979; Burtan et al., 1983; Tomaś et al., 2004) and Upper Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous (the present paper and references therein), more rarely Middle Jurassic (Książkiewicz, 1935, 1956a; Barczyk, 1998; Olszewska and Wieczorek, 2001), Early Cretaceous (Oszczypko et al., 1992, 2006, 2020; Krobicki et al., 2005), Late Cretaceous (Książkiewicz, 1956a; Gasiński, 1998) and Palaeogene in age (Leszczyński, 1978; Rajchel and Myszkowska, 1998; Leszczyński et al., 2012; Minor-Wróblewska, 2017). At the beginning of these studies, the focus was on small, unrooted klippen, namely the Andrychów Klippen (called also Klippes) near Wadowice (Zeuschner, 1849; Hohenegger, 1861; Uhlig, 1904; Książkiewicz, 1935, 1971b; Nowak, 1976; Gasiński, 1998; Olszewska and Wieczorek, 2001), and in Kruhel Wielki, near Przemyśl (Niedźwiedzki, 1876; Wójcik, 1907, 1913, 1914; Bukowy and Geroch, 1956; Morycowa, 1988; Olszewska et al., 2009), now poorly exposed. Subsequently, exotic pebbles, much more common and providing data on more facies, were studied more frequently. The first attempt to describe exotics, including crystalline rocks, was presented by Nowak (1927). Jurassic–Cretaceous carbonate exotics at Bachowice, containing facies unknown at other localities in the Polish Outer Carpathians, were described by Książkiewicz (1956a). The preliminary results of studies, which encompassed the entire spectrum of carbonate exotics from the western part of the Polish Outer Carpathians, were presented by Burtan et al. (1984). Malik (1978, 1979) described both Palaeozoic and Mesozoic carbonate clasts in the Hradiště Sandstone of the Silesian Unit, but other studies were mostly concerned with the Štramberk-type limestones from selected outcrops. The studies of these limestones, if concerned with exotics at many localities, were focused on their fossil content (e.g., Kołodziej, 2003a; Bucur et al., 2005; Ivanova and Kołodziej, 2010; Kowal-Kasprzyk, 2014, 2018) or presented only the preliminary results of facies studies (e.g., Hoffmann and Kołodziej, 2008; Hoffmann et al., 2008). Carbonate platforms, the existence of which was deciphered from detrital carbonate components, are called lost carbonate platforms (e.g., Belka et al., 1996; Flügel, 2010; Kukoč et al., 2012). Clasts and other shallowwater components are, metaphorically, witnesses to lost carbonate factories (the term is taken from Coletti et al., 2015). Analyses of the age and lithology of exotic clasts have been applied in the reconstruction of the provenance areas of the clasts and their palaeogeography and the development of the sedimentary sequences of the Polish Outer Carpathians (e.g., Książkiewicz, 1956b, 1962, 1965; Unrug, 1968; Oszczypko, 1975; Oszczypko et al., 1992, 2006; Hoffmann, 2001; Krobicki, 2004; Słomka et al., 2004; Malata et al., 2006; Poprawa and Malata, 2006; Poprawa et al., 2006a, b; Strzeboński et al., 2017; Kowal-Kasprzyk et al., 2020). Štramberk-type limestones are most common among the exotics. It is a field term that refers to limestones, mostly beige in colour, that are supposed to be the age and facies equivalents of the Tithonian–lower Berriasian Štramberk Limestone in Moravia (Czech Republic; Eliáš and Eliášová, 1984; Picha et al., 2006). The Štramberk Limestone and the Štramberk-type limestones of both countries were deposited on platforms, attached to the intrabasinal ridges and margins of the basin of the Outer Carpathians. These platforms are collectively termed the Štramberk Carbonate Platform. The terms “Štramberk Limestone” and “Štramberk-type limestones” have been widely used in the area of the former Austro-Hungarian Empire for the field description of shallow-water limestones of assumed Late Jurassic age, usually occurring within flysch deposits of the Outer Carpathians. Upper Jurassic–lowermost Cretaceous shallow-water limestones in Romania (commonly forming mountains or ridges, e.g., Pleş et al., 2013, 2016), in Bulgaria and Serbia (Tchoumatchenco et al., 2006), and Ukraine (Krajewski and Schlagintweit, 2018), and in Turkey (Masse et al., 2015) sometimes are referred to as the Štramberk-type limestones as well. In the Austrian-German literature similar limestones in the Alps are known as the Plassen Limestone (e.g., Steiger and Wurm, 1980; Schlagintweit et al., 2005). Biostratigraphic studies revealed that some carbonate clasts, accounting for several percent of the exotics and commonly Ridge and the Sub-Silesian Ridge were the source areas for clasts from the Silesian and Sub-Silesian units (e.g., in the Hradiště Formation), while the Northern (Marginal) Ridge was the source for clasts from the Skole Unit (e.g., in the Maastrichtian–Paleocene Ropianka Formation).
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 2021, 91, 3; 203-251
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Exotic clasts of organodetritic algal limestones from lithosomes of the Babica Clay, Skole Unit (Outer Flysch Carpathians, Poland)
Egzotyki organodetrytycznych wapieni litotamniowych z litosomów iłów babickich jednostki skolskiej (Karpaty fliszowe, Polska)
Autorzy:
Rajchel, J.
Myszkowska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/191324.pdf
Data publikacji:
1998
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geologiczne
Opis:
he paper deals with exotic clasts of Lithothamnium calcarenites and calcirudites occurring in the central part of the Skole Unit. The clasts are confined exclusively to those lithosomes of the Babica Clay (upper Paleocene) which occur within the Variegated Shale Formation, overlying the Bircza Lithothamnium Limestone Bed (BLLB). The exotic clasts represent fragments of talus deposits, formed due to degradation of algal reefs which were situated along the northern margin of the Skole basin. They were transported into the basin by dense cohesive flows that built pebbly mudstones lithosomes of the Babica Clay. Exotic clasts of calcarenites contain silicified cores formed after clast deposition. The age of exotic rocks was determined as the turn of the Early and Late Paleocene basing on foraminifers.
Scharakteryzowano grupę litotamniowych, kalkarenitowych i kalcyrudytowych egzotyków, z centralnej części jednostki skolskiej. Występują one tylko w tych litosomach iłów babickich (późny paleocen), które usytuowane są w obrębie formacji pstrych łupków, powyżej warstwy litotamniowego wapienia z Birczy /wt/. Egzotyki te są fragmentami stożków nasypowych, formujących się z degradacji raf glonowych usytuowanych wzdłuż północnej krawędzi zbiornika tej jednostki. Ich transport w głąb zbiornika odbywał się w gęstych, kohezyjnych spływach żwirowców ilastych formujących litosomy iłów babickich. Egzotyki kalkarenitowe posiadają zsylifikowane jądro, utworzone po ostatecznej depozycji egzotyka. Na podstawie zawartej w egzotykach mikrofauny otwornicowej określono ich wiek na przełom wczesnego i późnego paleocenu.
Źródło:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae; 1998, 68, No. 2-3; 225-235
0208-9068
Pojawia się w:
Annales Societatis Geologorum Poloniae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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