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    Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10
    Tytuł:
    The Distribution of the Perfect Auxiliaries be/have in Middle English Texts
    Autorzy:
    Zdziera, Katarzyna Alicja
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888689.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Middle English
    auxiliaries
    distribution
    Opis:
    Like many Germanic languages, English has developed specific periphrastic constructions to express perfective meaning. Before being fully grammaticalized in the 16th century, they were used occasionally in Old and Middle English as complex verb phrases with either habban ‘to have’ or beon/wesan ‘to be’ acting as auxiliary verbs. By the Modern English period, forms created with be disappeared from the language and were almost completely replaced by forms with have, a process which did not occur, for instance, in German. As the data on this development are quite scarce, a relatively simple model is assumed with a steady diachronic progress towards the system established in Modern English, a model which disregards synchronic variation. This paper attempts to investigate the distribution of the perfective constructions with be and have, especially in the 15th century texts and to identify the main factors accounting for diff erences in their usage. Instead of taking into account only the diachronic aspect of the development described, the present study focuses mainly on investigating the synchronic variation in the auxiliaries used with the two most frequent verbs of motion, namely come and go in the perfective meaning.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2018, 27/2; 33-46
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Middle and Early Modern English Medical Recipes: Some Notes on Specialised Terminology
    Autorzy:
    Sylwanowicz, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888719.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    recipes
    middle English
    terminology
    linguistics
    Opis:
    One of the text-type features of a recipe is a certain degree of technical lexicon (cf. Görlach 2004). The aim of the present study is to compare the use and distribution of selected group of terms, here references to medical preparations, in Middle and Early Modern English recipe collections. Particular attention will be given to the factors responsible for the choice of terms. Also, we will concentrate on the rivalry between native and foreign lexical units.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2018, 27/2; 89-101
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Non-Root-Initial Ictus on Native Words in Old and Middle English Poetry
    Autorzy:
    Kołos, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/889012.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Middle English
    stress
    prosody
    syllable-weight
    diachrony
    Opis:
    Primary word-stress in Germanic languages is generally defined as root-initial. This placement is considered decisive in the metrical shape of native poetic creations, with a tendency for placing prominence where linguistically plausible. However, notable exceptions can be traced in Middle English poetry, with ictus in certain native words falling on a derivative suffix or the second element of an obscure compound rather than the root. The present paper discusses possible reasons for the divergences on the basis of a sample of major poetic works. Focus is placed on the diachronic development from Old to Middle English. Firstly, a discussion from the point of view of linguistic prosody is included, with attention devoted to the possibility of non-weak stress in Old English falling on all heavy, bimoraic syllables. Secondly, semantic aspects are analysed, with focus on the possible impact of incomplete grammaticalization of certain morphemes. Finally, French influences are noted.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2014, 23/2; 33-41
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Palatalization as a Non-Uniform Process Affecting Grammatical Words: A Comparison of Data from Dialectally Identified and Unidentified Late Middle English Texts
    Autorzy:
    Kocel, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888650.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    palatalization
    high frequency lemmas
    Middle English
    dialects
    lexical diffusion
    Opis:
    The process of palatalization has exerted much influence on the forms of four highfrequency lemmas, EACH, MUCH, SUCH, WHICH, revealing significant heterogeneity in terms of palatalized and non-palatalized variants being used in the close vicinity of each other both in the Northern and Southern dialects as well as in the texts of unknown origin. Such unpredictability of the process, accounted for by the operation of lexical diffusion, raises questions concerning the manner of how palatalization, being one of the major phonological changes, affected the lexis and phonological system of Middle English, proving to be much less consistent than expected.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2013, 22/2; 5-25
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Fates of OE *Durran, Etc in Middle English: A Study in Word Geography
    Autorzy:
    Tomaszewska, Magdalena
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888899.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2013
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    preterite-present verb
    durran
    dare
    Middle English
    corpora
    dialects
    Opis:
    OE *durran ‘dare’ is a preterite-present verb and one of six such verbs whose various forms have survived into Modern English. The main feature of the members of the group is that their strong past tense acquired a present meaning, and thus a new weak past tense developed over time. An outline of other characteristic features of these verbs is included in section ‘0’ (introductory remarks), yet the aim of the present paper is to establish the distribution of the verb *durran in Middle English with regard to periods and regions, also considering differences in spelling. Also, the paper examines fixed expressions such as how dare you or I dare say. The Middle English data are derived from the Prose corpus of the Innsbruck computer archive of machine-readable English texts. Additional sources, like the Dictionary of Old English on CD-ROM, the electronic Middle English dictionary and the Oxford English dictionary online are also referred to.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2013, 22/2; 41-58
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Euphemistic and Non-Euphemistic Verbs for ‘Die’ in Middle English Chronicles
    Autorzy:
    Kłos, Małgorzata
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888711.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    Middle English
    euphemism
    metaphor
    chronicles
    semantic field
    die
    French loanwords
    Opis:
    The paper examines verbs and verbal expressions for ‘die’ employed in Middle English chronicles. As one of the aims is to find out to what extent the distribution of euphemistic and non-euphemistic verbs and verbal expressions denoting this sense was determined stylistically, both prose and verse works are analyzed, i.e. The Peterborough chronicle 1070–1154, The Brut, or the chronicles of England, Layamon’s Brut, and The anonymous short English metrical chronicle. The textual distribution of the verbs is presented, including both numerical data and a synopsized contextual analysis of particular verbs and expressions
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2014, 23/2; 77-90
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Palatalization in Grammatical Words as Reflected in Unclassified Late Middle English Sources
    Autorzy:
    Kocel, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888843.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    palatalization
    Late Middle English
    dialects
    unclassified
    corpora
    high-frequency items
    Opis:
    Although palatalization changing [k] into [tS] was most widespread in Southumbria, the previous examination (Kocel 2009, 2010) has already proved that on no account can it be perceived as a homogeneous process. This lack of consistency is reflected in many instances of palatal forms found in the North alongside many nonpalatal ones encountered in the East Midlands and London. Consequently, the substantial number of such “odd” forms seems to defy the existence of clear-cut boundaries between the above mentioned areas, allowing for an unhindered influx and amalgamation of ostensibly dialect-specific variants. The problem appears even more complex, taking into account the vast collection of dialectally unidentified Middle English texts which, containing both palatal and nonpalatal forms, only corroborate the fact that palatalization could not be dialect or even area specific. The multitude of variants present in those texts, a result of the Scandinavian influence and dialectal borrowing, point to the process of the lexical diffusion of these forms across the whole English territory, affecting in particular such high-frequency items as the grammatical words each, much, such and which. The aim of the study, thus, will be to determine the extent of palatalization affecting these grammatical words, through the analysis of the spelling/phonological discrepancies and the distribution of each, much, such and which in unclassified Late Middle English sources. The data come from the Innsbruck Corpus of Middle English Prose, The Middle English Dictionary and A Linguistic Atlas of Late Mediaeval English.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2012, 21/2; 4-15
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    On the Possibility of Continuity in the Metrical Status of Heavy Syllables in Medieval English
    Autorzy:
    Kołos, Marta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/888845.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    metre
    heavy syllable
    Chaucer
    Middle English
    French influence
    accented syllable
    Opis:
    The present paper focuses on instances of irregular, non-root accentuation placed on words of Germanic origin in Middle English iambic verse. A proposed explanation for the phenomenon is the continued special metrical status of heavy syllables from Old to Middle English and the retained potential of such syllables for attracting poetic accent. The analysis also takes into account additional factors, including possible external influences and morphological considerations. The text samples are selected basing on the date of their provenance and metrical regularity. In order to reduce the possibility of the results being affected by any loose applications of metre, the analysis is confined to the metrically strongest positions within each type of verse.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2016, 25/2; 31-41
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    How Would They Transfer the Message Across? From Wendan to Translaten: on the Replacement of Native Forms with a Romance Borrowing
    Autorzy:
    Esquibel, Joanna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/889070.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    translation
    synonyms
    Middle English
    transfer between languages
    translaten
    wenden
    turnen
    Opis:
    At the dawn of Middle English, the language saw a number of different terms referring to the process of translation. The plethora of terms and meanings seems to mirror the attitude of medieval scribes and authors towards translation, understood as presenting, explaining, and interpreting, and, finally, transferring the message from one language to another. After the Norman Conquest, however, the meaning of ‘transfer between languages’ starts to disappear with the exception of native WENDEN, which is still used in this sense in mid 13th century. Finally, the language borrows the foreign term TRANSLATEN, which at the end of the 13th century starts to function along WENDEN and TURNEN in the meaning of ‘transferring, changing, replacing’, and in the 14th century acquires the literal meaning of ‘translate’, marginalizing or eliminating older forms. The paper focuses on the loss of the meaning ‘to translate’ from the semantic domains of the native verbs and the pattern of its replacement by the foreign term to indicate ‘transfer of a message between two languages.’
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2015, 24/2; 79-102
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Present Participle Mark-ing in East Midland Middle English: A Corpus Study
    Autorzy:
    Budna, Anna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/889068.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
    Tematy:
    present participle
    Middle English
    East Midland dialect
    historical corpora
    -ing
    -ende
    marking
    historical morphology
    Opis:
    The present paper contains a description of the distribution of the typical forms of the present participle marker in the East Midland dialect, one which also incorporates the relatively autonomous dialectal areas of East Anglia and London. The major contrasting characteristic of the conservative and the advanced types was materialised in the opposition between the old nd-forms and the new ng-forms. The evidence for the present study comes from the prose and poetic texts of the 13th–15th centuries compiled in the electronic versions of the Innsbruck computer archive of machine-readable English texts (ICAMET), Penn-Helsinki parsed corpus of Middle English (PPCME2), Chadwyck-Healey’s English poetry full-text database, The Auchinleck manuscript, and the Michigan Corpus of Middle English prose and verse. The selected texts are those from localized manuscripts, established on the basis of the Catalogue of sources for a linguistic atlas of Early Medieval English (LAEME) and A linguistic atlas of Late Mediaeval English (LALME). The present contribution is another instalment in a series of papers devoted to the rise and spread of the present participle form -ing(e) in Middle English.
    Źródło:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies; 2014, 23/2; 42-51
    0860-5734
    Pojawia się w:
    Anglica. An International Journal of English Studies
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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