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    Wyświetlanie 1-5 z 5
    Tytuł:
    Powszechna wystawa światowa w Paryżu w 1900 roku zwycięstwo historii nad nowoczesnością
    LExposition Universelle à Paris en 1900
    Autorzy:
    Jedlińska, Eleonora
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16648125.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1989
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    Les Expositions universelles mondiales, inaugurées en France au XVIIIe siècle, résultaient du développement de l'industrie mécanique moderne. On amassait les inventions nouvelles pour les comparer et vérifier les possibilités de leur application. L'Exposition mondiale de Paris en 1900 lut la plus grande entreprise du gouvernement bourgeois de la France contemporaine. Plusieurs actions d'administration et d'organisation l'avaient précédée. Les plus connus architectes français prirent part au concours qui avait pour but l’aménagement du territoire de l'Exopsition. On a installé l'Exposition dans cinq lieux principaux de Paris: le Champ de Mars, les bords de la Seine, les Champs Elyisées, l’espace autour du Palais des Invalides, le Palais de Trocadéro. Le premier prix fut décerné à: Eduard Paulin, Charles Girault, Gaston Henard, auteurs du plan général de l ’Exposition. Les places suivantes furent prises par: Cassier Bernard, Gaston Cousien, Charles A. Gautier, Sortais, Larchej Nachon, G. Raulin. Blavette, Esquie, André Rey, Tronche, Toudoir et Pradelle gagnèrent le troisième prix équivalent. C'est le jury tranchant le concours qui décidait du plan final et de l'extérieur de l'Exposition. De tous les travaux couronnés on choisit tout ce qu’on trouvait parfait et le plus convenable aux besoins de l’Exposition. Le plan général réalisé c'était une compilation de tous les travaux couronnés, c'était une oeuvre commune des architectes et urbanistes français de la fin du XIXe siècle. Ce qui caractérisait tous !ces travaux c'était l'application conséquente de la symétrie et des plans axiaux qui arrangeaient ce grand espace, déterminé par la disposition harmonieuse des allées, des pavillons, des jardins, dés palais et des ponts. Les édifices principaux: Pont Alexandre III, Grand Palais et Petit Palais prévus comme les objets d'utilité publique (musées d'art français), introduits avec soin dans le paysage de Paris, constituent l'unique témoignage matériel durable de l'Exposition de 1900. Les deux bâtiments représentent le grand style de Louis XVI, le style des ordres classiques de colonnes. La construction moderne avec l'emploi du verre, du fer et du béton fut voiiée par le grés blanc, le marbre et le basalte. Les projets proposant les larges espaces, la (régularité, la symétrie très stricte remportèrent la victoire. L'ordre éternel, la perfection, la permanence historique furent enfermés dans la structure moderne en fer, en verre et en béton — matériaux du XXe siècle.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 1989, 33; 73-90
    0208-6050
    2450-6990
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Monopolizacja w przemyśle kostnym Królestwa Polskiego (1900—1914)
    La monopolisation dans l’industrie dos du Royaume de Pologne (1900—1914)
    Autorzy:
    Badziak, Kazimierz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16648091.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1984
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    A l'époque de la crise économique (1899— 1903) des tendances nouvelles apparurent dans la monolisation de l'industrie de l'état russe. Des associations nouvelles à l’échelle d'état et de région prirent naissance. Comme exemple d’un cartel régional peut servir le contrat des usines de l'industrie d’os du Royaume de Pologne, passé en 1900. Vers la fin du XIX siècle et le commencement du XX., le cartel devint membre de l’union des établissements produisant la colle d'os, embrassant tout le territoire de l’état russe. Cette union fonctionnait dans les années 1901—1904. Dans ses cadres les établissements du Royaume obtinrent une sphère définie de l’autonomie. L’activité du cartel rencontra des obstacles multiples, accrus par la lutte de concurrence. Après sa chute, quelques essais de monopolisation à l'échelle régionale eurent lieu. C'est alors que commença son activité le trust des entreprises de l'industrie d'os: Société par actions deis Entreprises Chimiques „Strem" à Varsovie, qui groupait sept entreprises de l'industrie chimique — six du territoire de Royaume et une d'Odessa. Jusqu'au commencement de la Première Guerre mondiale, le trust affermit sa situation et acquit une position de monopole sur le marché des gouvernements de l'ouest de l'état russe.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 1984, 18; 65-82
    0208-6050
    2450-6990
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Taktyka prezydenta Paulusa Krugera wobec Wielkiej Brytanii w latach 1883-1900
    Paulus Kruger’s Policy towards Great Britain (1883-1900)
    Autorzy:
    Matera, Rafał
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16729359.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1999
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    Paulus Kruger (1825-1904) was a co-founder of the first Boer State and four times President of Transvaal State in the years 1883-1900. As a young boy he took part in the Great Trek which led to the establishment of the new Boer republics in South Africa. He assumed the main duties in Transvaal and after British annexation in 1877 Kruger visited twice London to talk about the restoration of Transvaal’s independence. After his return to South Africa he was the leader of the first Boer War, which led to Transvaal autonomy under British „suzerainty”. From the very beginning of his presidency the most important purpose for Kruger was to establish the relationships with the United Kingdom. His third visit in London in 1884 brought the signing of the new London Convention. The convention granted sovereignty to Transvaal but South African Republic (new name of the state) could not pursue its own foreign policy except for maintaining relations with Orange Free State. It was difficult for Kruger to achieve self-dependence in Transvaal’s policy especially since the shrewd politician, Cecil John Rhodes had arrived to South Africa. During Kruger’s presidency there was a bitter dispute over Boer-British controversy about Swaziland and Matabeland in the North of Transvaal. The most burning issue in Boer-British relations was to solve the problem of „uitlanders” who had come to South Africa after the discovery of gold and diamond fields. The British tried to organise an opposition against Boer rules but the Jameson raid at the end of 1895 ended in failure. Soon afterwards Kruger received congratulations from William II but German support lasted short and in the years to follow Germany entered into friendly relations with Great Britain. At the end of 90s Kruger was no longer able to oppose British demands. The conference in Bloemfontein in June 1899 was the last attempt to save the peace but Alfred Milner’s and Joseph Chamberlain’s demands were too unreasonable to be accepted. On the 9th of October 1899 Kruger with Volksraad (Transvaal’s parliament) made up their minds about ultimatum to Great Britain. It meant that the war was bound to commence. The one and only ally for South African Republic was Orange Free State. Kruger ceased to be the President in September 1900 after British annexation during the second Boer War. Despite the fact that Kruger was no longer the president, he went to Europe at the end of 1900 but he failed in his efforts, to receive the support from Germany, France or Holland. He did not want to talk to the London government either. There was no possibility to change the British attitude to the Boer republics’ future. Kruger died in exile in Switzerland without ever seeing his free country again.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 1999, 65; 31-49
    0208-6050
    2450-6990
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Błażej Stolarski. Droga do awansu cywilizacyjnego chłopa polskiego w latach 1900-1918
    Błażej Stolarski. Ways for social rise of polish peasant (1900-1918)
    Autorzy:
    Perzyna, Paweł
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18055610.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    1997
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    Błażej Stolarski’s social rise linked with economic and social changes which took place at the beginning of the XXth century. In consequence of his self-education as well as a wide-spread educational, cultural and economic action of the national movement on the country areas of the Kingdom of Poland, Stolarski became aware of necessity of an intensification in agriculture. Stolarski’s activity in the Agricultural Circles (since 1907), the most important social and economic organization of peasants in the Kingdom of Poland, as well as a process of social democratization made it possible for him to enter political activity. In 1912 he became a co-founder of Narodowy Związek Chłopski (The National League of Peasants). In 1915 Polskie Stronnictwo Ludowe PSL (Polish Peasants’ Party), which united 3 political organizations of peasants, designated B. Stolarski to Centralny Komitet Narodowy (Central National Committee), being a representation of the independence parties of the Kingdom of Poland. The most successful for Stolarski’s own political career was 1917. He became a member of Tymczasowa Rada Stanu (Provisional State Council) and a chairman of PSL then. In November 1918 B. Stolarski entered into the Provisional People’s Government of the Republic of Poland in Lublin and signed it’s programm declaration. B. Stolarski devoted himself to a development of an educational system in Będków district. In 1914 he founded a school in Sługocice and 3 years later he became a co-founder and a chairman of a society for establishing a secondary school in Będków.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 1997, 60; 3-24
    0208-6050
    2450-6990
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Wielka Brytania wobec kształtowania się amerykańskiej polityki „otwartych drzwi” w Chinach (1898–1900)
    Great Britain and the Formulation of the American Open Door Policy in China, 1898–1900
    Autorzy:
    Pajor, Jan
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/18104734.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
    Opis:
    The intention of this paper is to present how the British idea of the Open Door in China permeated to the United States and influenced the diplomatic actions of this country. Another matter covered here is Whitehall’s reaction to the first and second series of the Open Door notes, issued by the Department of State. The Open Door doctrine, encompassing the principles of equal commercial treatment and maintenance of China’s territorial integrity, was for many years one of the pillars of the British Far Eastern policy. However, when in the aftermath of China’s severe defeat in war with Japan foreign Powers engaged in creating spheres of influence in the Middle Kingdom, Great Britain diverged from its traditional position. London, having commercial preponderance in China, was at first against the dismemberment of this country, but eventually – since its endeavours to gain support of other Powers for the Open Door policy proved abortive – decided to perpetuate its sphere of influence. The United States, approached by the British in March 1898, were unwilling to act at that time, nor did they want to align with anyone. Nevertheless, soon afterwards the concept of the Open Door started gaining popularity among American politicians mainly due to various British influences. Therefore at the turn of 1898 and 1899 London reiterated its proposition to cooperate in China, but was rejected. The United States were determined to act alone and between 1899 and 1900 issued two series of the Open Door notes. Whilst Great Britain cordially applauded these pronouncements in general, she tried to obtain some concessions, and was partially successful. Once the Open Door policy was internationally accepted, Foreign Office again made it a fundamental element of its Chinese policy.
    Źródło:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica; 2012, 89; 7-21
    0208-6050
    2450-6990
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
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