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Wyszukujesz frazę "twentieth century" wg kryterium: Wszystkie pola

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    Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10
    Tytuł:
    City and Countryside in Medieval Italy: Some Reflections on Twentieth-Century Historiography
    Autorzy:
    Pinto, Giuliano
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601421.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Italy
    Middle Ages
    communes
    city
    countryside
    historiography
    contado
    Opis:
    The nature of the relation between city and countryside in medieval Italy was unique by comparison with the rest of Europe. Precisely for this reason, the question has drawn the attention of historiography, particularly starting in the early twentieth century, with the scholarship of Gaetano Salvemini and Gioacchino Volpe, and especially Romolo Caggese, the author of Classi e comuni rurali nel Medio Evo italiano (Rural classes and city communes in the Italian Middle Ages). This work long stood as a critical touchstone: it did so at least until the 1960s, when a new historiographical season set in – with monographs, essays, and conference proceedings – that gave us a much richer frame of understanding, while opening a larger debate on the question, which to this day remains a central concern of historiographical investigation.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2019, 119
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Bitterly Triumphant: The Biologisation of National Character in the Twentieth-Century East Central Europe
    Autorzy:
    Górny, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601519.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    racial anthropology
    First World War
    East Central Europe
    Germany
    national character
    modernization
    Opis:
    In early twentieth century racial ideologies and racial anthropology penetrated the traditional concepts of national specificity. It was a rule all over Western Europe, though Germany was clearly the leader both in ideological and institutional terms. In East Central Europe this development was accelerated by an increased intellectual influence of German universities. First World War marked the peak of these processes. Racial anthropology was expected to deliver a scientific interpretation of the continental conflict. In East Central Europe it was equally an argument in support of ethnic and territorial claims. The article discusses eight examples of regional theories based on discursive connections between race and nation: Hungary, Ukraine, Serbia, Poland, Finland, Romania, Lithuania, and Bohemia. Their authors were experts: professional anthropologists, geographers, ethnologists and medical scientists. Generally it can be argued that all of these theories were successful. A considerable part of them (notably the Serb, Polish, Finnish) contributed to the construction of ‘national unity’ of the newly formed states. Others, despite their failure to do so, were instrumental in the formation of national movements and strengthened the idea of national peculiarity. Almost all of them succeeded in entering the mainstream of the European racial sciences in the interwar period. Consequently, their authors made considerable careers in the academia. But in long run the post-1945 evolution of physical anthropology marginalized racial theories. After the collapse of the Third Reich what had been the mainstream of physical anthropology gradually turned into a scientific and ideological Sonderweg. The experts dealt with in this article caught up to the art of modernity that unexpectedly run out of fashion.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2015, 111
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dark Agents of Sex: Searching for the Sources of Prostitution in Early Twentieth Century Poland
    Autorzy:
    Uzarczyk, Kamila
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601485.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    prostitution
    nature versus nurture debate
    social hygiene
    eugenics
    traffic in women and children
    anti-Semitism
    Polska
    Opis:
    A rise of interest in issues of heredity and advances in medicine in the nineteenth century resulted in the widespread medicalization of social phenomena. Theories formulated in the field of natural sciences increasingly served as a tool to explain unacceptable patterns of social behaviour, including prostitution which began to be seen as a biologically determined condition. As a main channel for the spread of STDs – some of them potentially transmissible across generations (congenital syphilis) – prostitution became one of the major concerns of medical professionals. Thus, what was previously a sin and an insult to middle-class moral standards, now came to be seen as a health menace to the entire population. In times of increased competition between nation-states, the latter argument played an even more important role, and the ruling elites sought to tighten control over what they perceived as ‘dangerous bodies’. As campaigners against the ‘great social evil’ also analysed prostitutes’ social milieu, discourses on the causes of prostitution were highly confusing. One source of confusion was Morel’s theory of degeneration, in which the author skilfully combined environmental influence with the concept of hereditary pathology. Additionally, some authors still adhered to a much older explanation for social ills. The construction of an evil ‘Other’ – typically unscrupulous Jew – responsible for planting various physical and/or moral ‘plagues’ in a victimized population, thus threatening its biological existence. The fear of deterioration, inevitably leading to extinction, unified proponents of old-style and modernist anti-vice campaigners. This article offers an overview of expert narratives on the causes of prostitution in the early decades of twentieth century Poland.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2016, 114
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    ‘Multiple Sonderwegs.’ The Specificity of Historical Development of East Central Europe in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Century (Introductory Remarks)
    Autorzy:
    Janowski, Maciej
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601521.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    modernization
    development
    East Central Europe
    protochronism
    methodology
    Opis:
    This introductory article offers intellectual frames and historical context to the subsequent collection of essays. There are two questions their authors try and answer: First, what discussions on the respective specificities of historical development were carried out in various countries of East Central Europe in the nineteenth and twentieth century. Second, what was the scope of topics to be discussed, whereas their aim is to interweave this description or analysis of the debates with posing the question regarding the core of the matter – and this by showing a series of case studies where the approach connected, in some way or another, with the peculiar path concept might seem useful. For the purpose of this volume, the notion of peculiar path is approached in a possibly broad context. The structure of the nineteenth-century city, formation of a modern national awareness: such problems are suitable, according to the authors, for research in view of multiplicity of peculiar paths: rather than highways along which the Zeitgeist of a nation or humanity streaks, these would be medium-rank and medium-sized roads on which medium-scale processes and occurrences roll along.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2015, 111
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    “An Unexpectedly Transgressive Subject of Twentieth-Century History”: How to Write (and Why to Read) about Communist Women Today
    Autorzy:
    Mrozik, Agnieszka
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28707360.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    communist women activists
    left feminists
    thought collective
    radical imagination
    state feminism
    biographical approach
    Opis:
    This review article discusses two newly-released publications on communist women activists: Kristen Ghodsee’s Red Valkyries: Feminist Lessons from Five Revolutionary Women and The Palgrave Handbook of Communist Women Activists around the World, edited by Francisca de Haan. It focuses on questions of narrative and the persuasive function of the reviewed works, asking how and for whom one should write about communist women today. It brings to light methodological challenges, as well as those related to access to sources on communist women. It also reflects on the place that publications which tell stories of communist women who challenged gender, class, and racial inequalities in the past occupy in the perception of contemporary readers, so often confronted in these times with experiences of inequality and violence.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2023, 128; 293-306
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    How Do Local Conditions Inform Socio-Political Language? The Concept of ‘Intelligentsia’ in Łódź Press before the Mid-Twentieth Century
    Autorzy:
    Śmiechowski, Kamil
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131460.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2021-01-19
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    intelligentsia
    social structure
    history of ideas
    Łódź
    Warsaw
    Polska
    Opis:
    This article seeks to answer the question of whether the local conditions or determinants influence the socio-political language. Within the context of the nationwide discourse in the nineteenth-century Kingdom of Poland, an analysis follows how the concept of ‘intelligentsia’ functioned in the local press from the industrial city of Łódź. A source analysis leads to the conclusion that in the specific circumstances, of which the social mix was a constituent, certain notions of a defined meaning in the countrywide context may be interpreted in a manner divergent from the rule. As the social structure of Łódź was becoming more and more similar to that of Warsaw and other big cities, the differences in the definitions of the term ‘intelligentsia’ were gradually smoothening out.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2021, 122; 135-163
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Jan Zahradníček (1905–60): The Tragedy of a Poet and Prisoner of the Communist Regime
    Autorzy:
    Hanuš, Jiří
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601727.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Czech Catholicism
    twentieth century
    imprisoned writers
    religious faith
    Opis:
    The article deals with an outstanding Czech poet Jan Zahradníček (1905–60), who was arrested in 1951 and sentenced for 13 years of prison in a show trial. He was released during the general amnesty in 1960 and died in the same year. His tragic fate is depicted in several collections of poems written in prisons (Pankrác, Brno, Mírov, Leopoldov). The collections were saved and published and his poetic diary was found in Leopoldov prison 55 years after his death. Zahradníček’s poems in combination with the memories of contemporary witnesses and published interpretations of his work (Zdeněk Rotrekl, Rio Preisner, Radovan Zejda, Martin Putna) allow an exceptional view of the inner life of a person who was unjustly imprisoned in the times of communist purges in Czechoslovakia in the 1950s.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2018, 118
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Gender Order and the Disassembling She-Protagonists: Polish Academic Culture in the First Half of the Twentieth Century as an Illustrative Example
    Autorzy:
    Dadej, Iwona
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/601583.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2018
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    Polish female scientists
    history of gender and science
    female venia legendi in Poland
    Helena Polaczkówna
    Helena Willmann-Grabowska
    Opis:
    The article deals with Polish academic culture and the gender order prevalent therein in the former half of the twentieth century. The protagonists are a group of women who worked, in the circumstances of their time, on their postdoctoral (habilitation) theses. In my perception, this was the group that initiated the processes of change in the gender relations in the academic environment. The struggle for recognition in the world of science is exemplarily shown on the basis of the professional trajectories of Helena Polaczkówna and Helena Willmann-Grabowska.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2018, 117
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    In Search of Female Agency: Latest Trends in Polish Research into Women’s History in Polish Lands in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
    Autorzy:
    Sierakowska, Katarzyna
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28705120.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Historii im. Tadeusza Manteuffla PAN w Warszawie
    Tematy:
    History of women
    oral history
    biographies in the late nineteenth century and twentieth century
    memoirs in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries
    Opis:
    The article discusses the latest trends in research on women’s history in Poland. Attention is drawn to the increasing number of biographies, and an attempt is made to answer the question of whether and in what direction this type of writing is changing our perception of women’s roles in Polish history. The article discusses the autobiographical literature written by women, whose publications reflect a growing interest in individual history and are a response to the demand to give a voice to previously unheard groups. It raises questions about the role of memoirs in describing past societies and gender order. The role of oral history methods in gaining insight into the past of women and society is also discussed.
    Źródło:
    Acta Poloniae Historica; 2023, 128; 277-292
    0001-6829
    Pojawia się w:
    Acta Poloniae Historica
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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