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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 10826
Tytuł:
Thermochromic Effect in Doped Bi₁₂SiO₂₀ Crystals
Autorzy:
Diachenko, A.
Panchenko, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-04
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
42.65.Hw
42.70.Nq
78.20.Ci
78.20.nb
78.40.Fy
78.40.Ha
Opis:
Optical-temperature investigations of stationary and photo-induced absorption in undoped and Al (or Ga) doped Bi₁₂SiO₂₀ crystals are discussed. In the wave-number range 22000-4000 cm¯¹ under temperatures from 80 to 650 K, peculiarities of thermochromic effect have been revealed and temperature dependences of intensity of bands forming photo- and thermochromic effects have been found. A correlation between these dependences and spectra of thermostimulated current is explained.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 4; 936-939
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Econophysics as a Cause of a Scientific Revolution in Mainstream Economics
Autorzy:
Jakimowicz, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029051.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
89.65.Gh
Opis:
The aim of this article is to establish whether econophysics can cause a scientific revolution and fundamentally change the image of mainstream economics. Science development processes were carefully analysed by Kuhn, who even created a specific vocabulary for it. The most important phrases include paradigm and scientific community. When comparing the disciplinary matrices of econophysics and economics, it has to be stressed that despite the absolute compatibility of the goals of both sciences, econophysics is not - as postulated from time to time - a new econometric approach that entails the application of physics in studies of economics, but rather it is a scientific field totally different from economics. The disproportion between the disciplinary matrices of both sciences regards such elements as symbolic generalisations, models, values, and exemplars. Therefore, it seems that progressive accumulation of knowledge in economics will reveal new anomalies as well as deepen existing ones, making a paradigm shift inevitable. A scientific revolution should be expected at an international level, and in such countries as Poland it will be external and forced. The reasons for that lie in psychology and history. In 1989, in Poland and in other post-socialist countries, a rapid change in the disciplinary matrix of economics occurred and involved the replacement of the socialist economic paradigm with the capitalist economic paradigm. Another scientific revolution of such nature is right around the corner and entails replacing the disciplinary matrix of economics with the transdisciplinary matrix of econophysics. Since Polish economists have tried very hard to resist such a great number of changes, the paradigm shift will require deep involvement and much work from young scholars.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 6; 1339-1347
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Mechanism of Transformation of Global Business Cycles into Dynamics of Regional Real Estate Markets
Autorzy:
Jakimowicz, A.
Kulesza, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029167.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
housing price dynamics
structural transition
cusp catastrophe
critical point
bifurcation set
equilibrium surface
Opis:
The aim of this article is the identification of the occurrence mechanism of sudden quantitative changes in real-estate market prices, which were observed during the global financial crisis. Since such phenomena did not occur to such an intensity during previous crises, it can be assumed that a new economic dynamic type has emerged in real-estate markets. The most promising of the methods of studying such phenomena seems to be the bifurcation method and particularly the catastrophe theory. This study analyzes changes in the prices of residential property based on cusp catastrophes. Empirical data were fit to a stochastic cusp model to visualize the evolutionary path of real estate market. Two other popular models (linear and logistic) were also estimated to compare results. A comparative analysis proved that the cusp model can best explain structural price instabilities in real-estate markets. The results confirmed that the evolution of the real estate market combines two processes: long-term evolution in the area of non-degenerate stability and discontinuous changes in the area of degenerate stability. Structural changes take place in the system only in the area of degenerate stability. The theoretical and practical results show that the catastrophe theory may have predictive potential, which could support traditional methods of predicting changes on real estate markets.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 6; 1351-1361
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cyclical Properties of the Credit and Production in Selected European Countries - a Comparison of Deterministic and Stochastic Cycle Approach
Autorzy:
Lenart, Ł.
Pipień, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029291.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
almost periodicity
spectral analysis
financial cycle
production cycle
Opis:
We develop two nonparametric approaches to analyze the empirical properties of economic cycles. The first approach is based on almost periodically correlated time series commonly used in signal processing. Within this framework we depart from standard scheme of analysis that relies on stationarity assumption. The second approach is based on spectral analysis provided the stationarity assumption of cyclical fluctuations. We contribute to the existing literature in both, theoretical and empirical aspects. From theoretical viewpoint we develop methods of formal statistical inference about the main properties of elements of the economic cycle. In the first approach the testing procedure utilizing subsampling approach is proposed. In the second approach the method of analysis of concentration of the spectral mass is developed. Based on the monthly series of the credit aggregate and the industrial production, taken from selected European countries, we discuss the empirical properties of the credit cycle and we compare them with the production cycle. Our empirical findings show substantial diversity of the credit cycle across analysed countries. Also cyclical component in the credit series is identified much stronger than in case of the series of industrial production. Also the production cycles are much more synchronized across countries compared to the credit cycles.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 6; 1371-1387
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modeling Correlations in Operational Risk
Autorzy:
Karwański, M.
Grzybowska, U.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029524.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
89.65.Gh
Opis:
The key demand for banks' economic capital methodology is to ensure that the model covers all relevant sources of risk in the right way. Operational risk models treat the arising losses as stochastic variables. One of the problems encountered in modeling is the need of taking into account correlations between events. It is possible to build models for correlated events based on copula functions. But the problem is that the losses are related to isolated events and simple applications of copulas are not allowed. The authors present a new algorithm that shows a modified application of copulas to calculating operational risk. The calculations were done on real data that allows for examining the correlation impact on risk measurement. As an additional evaluation of the algorithm a reference model based on the Pareto-Lévy copulas was used.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 6; 1402-1407
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Heuristic for Approximating Extreme Negative Price Returns in Financial Markets
Autorzy:
Manhire, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029529.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
02.70.-c
05.10.-a
89.65.Gh
Opis:
The paper describes the behavior of financial markets as functions of the variables ``price return'' and ``time'' based on the net difference between ask and bid volumes over a unit period, thereby suggesting that at least a negative non-trivial price return extreme exists for a unit period. This admittedly heuristic approach also offers a method for approximating these negative price return extremes for a specific unit period. Limitations and applications are discussed.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 6; 1408-1413
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structural Transformation of Minimal Spanning Trees in World Commodity Market
Autorzy:
Lee, J.
Nobi, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029531.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
89.20.-a
89.65.Gh
89.75.-k
Opis:
We consider structural change of a world trade-flow network for different commodities from 1995 to 2013. A minimum spanning tree is generated from the trade flow data, and we investigate the hierarchical organization of the tree by changing the hub node. Only a few countries are the hub nodes for many of the commodities. We observed the structural transitions, from a chain-like tree (many countries are hub nodes) to a bi-starlike tree (only two countries are hub nodes). In the bi-starlike tree, China and Germany are the only two hub nodes.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 6; 1414-1416
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Mathematics of Human Contact: Developing a Model for Social Interaction in School Children
Autorzy:
Ashton, S.
Scalas, E.
Georgiou, N.
Kiss, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029552.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
02.70.Uu
87.10.Mn
87.10.Rt
87.23.Ge
Opis:
In this paper, we provide a statistical analysis of high-resolution contact pattern data within primary and secondary schools as collected by the SocioPatterns collaboration. Students are graphically represented as nodes in a temporally evolving network, in which links represent proximity or interaction between students. This article focuses on link- and node-level statistics, such as the on- and off-durations of links as well as the activity potential of nodes and links. Parametric models are fitted to the on- and off-durations of links, inter-event times and node activity potentials and, based on these, we propose a number of theoretical models that are able to reproduce the collected data within varying levels of accuracy. By doing so, we aim to identify the minimal network-level properties that are needed to closely match the real-world data, with the aim of combining this contact pattern model with epidemic models in future work.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 6; 1421-1432
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Majority Vote Model on Multiplex Networks
Autorzy:
Krawiecki, A.
Gradowski, T.
Siudem, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029561.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
opinion formation
majority vote model
multiplex networks
Opis:
Majority vote model on multiplex networks with two independently generated layers in the form of scale-free networks is investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations and heterogeneous mean-field approximation. In a version of the model under study each agent with probability 1-q (0≤q≤1/2) follows the opinions of the majorities of her neighbors within both layers if these opinions are identical; otherwise, she makes decision randomly. The model exhibits second-order ferromagnetic transition as q, the parameter measuring the level of internal noise, is decreased, with critical exponents depending on the details of the degree distributions in the layers. The critical value q_{c} of the parameter q evaluated in the heterogeneous mean-field approximation shows quantitative agreement with that obtained from numerical simulations for a broad range of parameters characterizing the degree distributions of the layers.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 6; 1433-1440
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
First Evidence of Interdependences between Incomes of Family Members
Autorzy:
Łukasiewicz, P.
Karpio, K.
Orłowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029572.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
89.65.Gh
88.05.Lg
Opis:
In this paper we study the relations between personal incomes and incomes of families with two adults in USA. We describe family income distributions using the simple two-parametric model. Assuming incomes of spouses are statistically independent of each other we obtain theoretical exponential income distributions for males and females. We show that these distributions are not coincident with distributions constructed based on the personal data. Obtained results indicate on statistical dependence between incomes of males and females in the families. We track changes and trends in data for years from 2001 to 2016.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 6; 1441-1444
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Measuring and Explaining Income Inequalities in Poland: an Estimation of Lorenz Curves using Hazard Function Approach
Autorzy:
Landmesser, J.
Orłowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029578.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
income inequalities
hazard function
Lorenz curve
Opis:
In this study we compare the income distributions for men and women in Poland in 2014. To examine the differences in the entire range of income values we utilize the hazard function approach. A flexible hazard-function based estimator in the presence of covariates (education, age, etc.) is used to construct conditional density and cumulative distribution functions. Then, we decompose the differences between two distributions using the counterfactual distribution. We estimate also the Lorenz curves for incomes and decompose the differences between the values of the Gini coefficients.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 6; 1445-1449
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Self-Organization of Extreme Inequalities in a Competitive Society
Autorzy:
Odagaki, T.
Ishifuku, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029602.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
05.65.+b
89.65.Gh
Opis:
On the basis of a random walk model, we investigate the self-organization of inequality in a model competitive society which consists of two kinds of individuals; one is warlike-challenging individuals who always try to fight and fight with the wealthiest or strongest neighbor, and the other is pacific-timid individuals who always try not to fight and when necessary fight with the poorest or weakest neighbor. When two individuals meet on a lattice site, they fight and the winner deprives a unit wealth from the loser keeping its position, where the winning odd is determined by a sigmoid function of the difference in their wealths. At the same time, the wealth or debt of individuals relaxes to zero at a constant rate when the wealth or debt is large. Using Monte Carlo simulation we determine states of social inequality in the entire parameter space spanned by the population density and the fraction of pacific-timid individuals in the population on the basis of the profile of the wealth distribution plotted against the ranking. We find an egalitarian state, and one normal inequal and three different extreme inequal states, the plutonomy, the gap inequality and the terrace inequality. In order to elucidate the origin of the self-organization, we investigate a model society consisting of individuals who have different moving strategies and no specific fighting strategy. It is concluded that the extreme inequalities are the consequence of the coexistence of different fighting strategies.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 6; 1459-1464
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Growth and Characterization of Titanium Doped Spinel Crystals
Autorzy:
Gritsyna, V.
Kazarinov, Yu.
Kobyakov, V.
Lytvynov, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029653.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-04
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
81.10.Fq
61.10.Nz
42.70.Hj
Opis:
MgAl₂O₄ (magnesium aluminates spinel, MAS) single crystals doped with titanium ions obtained by the Verneuil method were non-uniformly colored along of the growth crystallographic direction. The crystals were characterized measuring lattice parameter, optical absorption spectra and relative concentration of impurity atoms (Ti, Mn, Cr, and Fe) in different spots of grown Ti:MAS boule. There was observed the correlation of the intensity of absorption band at 800 nm to the relative concentration of iron supporting the identification of this band with charge transfer transition in complexes Ti⁴⁺+Fe²⁺ → Ti³⁺+Fe³⁺. The new resonant structure at the wavelength of 470 nm was found and tentatively identified with the Fano resonance in the complexes formed by lattice defects and impurity ions.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 4; 774-777
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Hafnium Oxide as Efficient Material for a New Generation Dielectric
Autorzy:
Mukhachov, A.
Kharitonova, O.
Terentieva, O.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029657.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-04
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
Hafnium oxide
extraction
phase
dielectric
centrifugal extractors
extractant
Opis:
In the early 2000-ies, world leaders in the field of computer engineering, such companies as IBM, Intel and Samsung Electronics announced the development of a new technology for the production of boards based on multilayer films HfO₂-Al₂O₃ on a silicon pad using the method of atomic layer deposition. The board has a high dielectric constant value thus making it possible to produce smaller transistors with increased operational speed, to reduce leakage current and electric energy consumption. It has been known that hafnium oxide is used in the production of optical devices, resistors, electronic ceramics, neutron absorption compositions, and catalysts. High purity of material is one of key conditions for its application. As source material, hafnium concentrate was used that was enriched to 10% in the form of K₂(ZrHf)F₆ salt - the product of fractional crystallization of zirconium and hafnium fluorides in the production of zirconium for nuclear applications. Another source material is a HFO₂ commercial-grade hafnium oxide produced at Vilnogorsk Mining and Smelting Works. Key process stages are fusion with alkali at a temperature of 800°C, dissolution in nitric acid and extraction. The impurities content of resultant hafnium re-extract is 10-5% (mass). The prime objective of the process technology is the preservation of hafnium purity in its oxide production, which is attained by the application of materials and equipment items having a high corrosion resistance, such as stainless steel, crucibles made of high-purity silicon, reaction vessels made of zirconium and fluoroplastic. Centrifugal extractors allow the key critical process of hafnium extraction purification to be sufficiently effective, resulting in obtaining the product of a required 99.99% purity. Physical properties of hafnium oxide are presented in sufficient detail in. Hafnium oxide can by produced using various methods to be selected based on the requirements to product quality, process efficiency and cost considerations.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 4; 778-780
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Optical Detection of Paramagnetic Centres in Activated Oxyfluoride Glass-Ceramics
Autorzy:
Rogulis, U.
Fedotovs, A.
Antuzevics, A.
Berzins, Dz.
Zhydachevskyy, Ya.
Sugak, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1029682.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-04
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Fizyki PAN
Tematy:
76.70.Hb
76.30.-v
Opis:
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) and EPR detected via MCD (MCD-EPR) investigations have been performed on rare-earth activated oxyfluoride glasses and glass-ceramics. Er³⁺, Gd³⁺, and Mn²⁺ activators in oxyfluoride glass-ceramics show paramagnetic MCD behaviour and the MCD-EPR has been detected. The results of the MCD-EPR measurements for the Er-doped oxyfluoride glass-ceramics showed that Er³⁺ ions in the CaF₂ crystallites in these ceramics embed only in the cubic symmetry environment, similarly to the previous observations of cubic Gd³⁺ centres in the glass-ceramics containing CaF₂. Finally, the correlation of optics and paramagnetic centres is discussed for Mn-doped YAlO₃ ceramics.
Źródło:
Acta Physica Polonica A; 2018, 133, 4; 785-788
0587-4246
1898-794X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Physica Polonica A
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 10826

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