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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 16
Tytuł:
Ksiądz / księża / książę
Ksiądz / księża / książę [priest / priests / duke
Autorzy:
Czarnecki, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/504740.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Slavonic languages
Germanic languages
borrowing
language reconstruction
clergy.
Opis:
The article tries, once again, to explore the etymology of Polish words ksiądz / książę / księża. Since new linguistic and historical facts as well as reconstructions may be presented in this field, the author draws the following conclusions: 1) the Polish term ksiądz comes from the Germanic *kuning, which main meaning could be interpreted as “Franks’ ruler”. The word was borrowed by Slavic languages twice: a) in the first half of the 7th century as a West-Slavic word *kъnędzь; b) in the first half of the 8th century as a South-Slavic word *kъnęgъ. In the second half of the 9th century, the two borrowings meet, which is connected with the Cyril and Methodius’s Christianization in Great Moravia. The word was present in all Slavic languages and its meaning could be interpreted as “the uncrowned ruler of the country” = ‘principes’/Polish ‘książę’. 2) Polish księża (< Slav. *kъnęžьja) is a continuation of a plural form of the Germanic *kuning-, *kuninga. 3) The word książę (< West-Slavonic *kъnęžę) appeared as a derivative of Slavonic *kъnędzь and at first meant ‘a young man who was a member of a ruling family’ and most commonly was ‘the son of a ruler’. 4) At the turn of the 9th and the 10th century Western-Slavonic people changed the meaning of both terms *kъnędzь and *knęžę the first word, both among Czechs and Poles, referred only to the word ‘principes’, whereas the second term began to be understood as “a common prince” or “the uncrowned ruler”. From the 13th century until the 16th century, Polish ksiądz became – under the infl uence of the Czech language – the term for a clergyman (firstly used as the reference only to the bishop, and later as the reference to an ordinary priest).
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2013, 2; 7-18
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
On the Complexity of Creole Languages: The Fractal Approach
Autorzy:
Pietraszewska, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/504770.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
fractal dimension
language complexity
creole languages
time series
Opis:
The current paper aims to compare the complexity of texts translated into English-based creole languages and English. The main motivation for the choice of topic was the growing body of evidence that languages and language phenomena, such as texts, may be regarded as complex adaptable systems of signs. These systems may display some fractal properties, such as self-similarity at different scales. In consequence, texts may be analysed in the same manner as other fractal objects. It is possible, for instance, to estimate their fractal dimensions which, to some extent, reflect the degree of their structural complexity. Such an assumption enables one to calculate and compare fractal dimensions of parallel translations of texts to various languages in order to compare their complexity levels. Methods which enable comparisons of complexity of texts in different languages are particularly important with regard to creole languages, since the complexity of contact languages is still the subject of debate. In the following study, ten parallel translations of passages from the New Testament were mapped onto time series plots based on the length and the frequency rank of words. The values of Hurst exponent as well as fractal dimension were estimated and it was found that the studied time series did not differ significantly between English and English-based creoles with respect to their fractal dimensions. The results lend support to the idea that creole languages are simply new languages which are merely different from their superstrate language rather than being less complex, at least with regard to their lexical patterns.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2015, 4; 73-80
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Language Contact and the Linguistic Prehistory of the Central Ande
Autorzy:
Urban, Matthias
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2016282.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Central Andean languages
contact linguistics
anthropological linguistics
ethnicity
Opis:
The Central Andes of Peru and Bolivia belong to those areas of the world whose linguistic landscape has been shaped decisively by language contact. Scholars have long recognized the intricate similarities between the Quechuan and Aymaran languages, and the consensus view is to attribute these to convergence arising from long periods of stable bilingualism in prehistory. As more recent research shows, also the languages of Northern Peru were shaped by language contact before their extinction. As a result, contact effects need to be taken into account as a general factor in studies of the linguistic history and prehistory of the Central Andes since without them crucial aspects of the lexical and grammatical structure of Central Andean languages cannot be properly understood. Thus, language contact constitutes a privileged and overarching point of access to understanding the linguistic prehistory of the region as a whole.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2019, 8; 205-213
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Bilingualism in Malta: Preferences and Attitudes of Maltese University Students
Autorzy:
Chrzanowska, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2231488.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-31
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
languages of Malta
Maltese language
contact linguistics
bilingualism
Opis:
Malta is a small European island with over 440,000 citizens inhabiting the area of 316 square kilometers. Despite the geographical restriction, Malta has a highly interesting linguistic situation. Throughout the centuries, Malta was conquered and inhabited by numerous nations.In consequence, Maltese developed in the situations of constant language contact, which is traceable in the sounds recalling Arabic as well as the weaving of Italian and English phrases (Brincat 2006). The characteristic language contact situation is pending: since 1964 Malta has both Maltese and English as its official languages. Considering that Maltese does not have plenty of speakers and is not a widely spread language, it could be assumed that the present linguistic tendency on the island, especially among the young, would lean towards the usage of the current global language, which is English. Such a tendency among the young generation would imply the beginning of an end for the Maltese language. Nevertheless, the questionnaire conducted among a group of students of the University of Malta indicates that there is no such threat. All of the respondents point to Maltese as their native language and use it on a daily basis when talking with friends, family members and doctors. English is mostly used when counting, reading scholarly papers or watching TV. Interestingly enough, Italian, which was an official language of Malta till 1934, is still quite popular among the young. As far as the attitudes are concerned, English is considered as highly useful but inferior to Maltese.Knowledge of the language is thought to be significant for numerous reasons, yet it does not make the person speaking it more educated or intelligent as it used to. The researched group is small; however, it indicates some general tendencies in the area, which should be further researched.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2020, 10; 91-110
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Compétences phraséologiques et didactique du figement en langues étrangères
Phraseological Competence and Didactics of Phraseology in Foreign Languages
Autorzy:
Sułkowska, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2020926.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
phraseology
phraseodidactics
phraseological competences
didactics of foreign languages
Opis:
The author discusses the important issue of acquiring phraseological competence and presents selected aspects of phraseodidactics in foreign languages. The aim of the article is to signal and present significant issues that appear in applied phraseology, especially in the field of phraseodidactics. In the first section, the tems “language competence” and “phraseological competence” are discussed. The term “phraseological competence” has not been widespread in the publications on the subject of phraseology or glottodidactics. Nevertheless, phraseological competence represents a higher level of lexical and collocational competence, which is indispensable for learning phraseology, particularly in a foreign language. The second section presents research on teaching phraseology of French as a foreign language. The research shows the character of scale in phraseologization from the perspective of non-native users of phraseology and its meaning in glottodidactics. In the third section the author carries out a synthesis of foreign phraseology acquisition and distinguishes between its most important stages.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2020, 9; 185-196
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A Legal Metaphor of a Person in the Concept of Hans Kelsen’s Law
Metafora prawna osoby w koncepcji prawa Hansa Kelsena
Autorzy:
Szubert, Rafał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2016277.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Kelsen
languages for special purposes
legal languages
legal metaphors as a pillar of legal theories
legal person
metaphors
semantics
terminology
Opis:
In my article, I present the person metaphor as the constitutive term for the theory of artificial persons. We have been dealing with various manners of reading the nature of the legal person, and consequently of law in general, especially private law (Privatrecht), since Roman times to this day. The point of departure for my deliberations, in which I try to demonstrate the nature of metaphorical expressions used in building legal theories, is a statement by Paul Kirchhof, who demanded that metaphorical expressions be eradicated from positive (statutory) law. I ask if the demand can also be applied to theoretical deliberations of lawyers on the nature of law. Based on examples from legal discussions on the nature of the legal person, I formulate the claim that Paul Kirchhof ’s demand should be applied only to positive law texts. Metaphorical expressions have no raison d’être in such texts, especially if they are meant to serve as terms. A different situation occurs where a metaphorical expression is the basis for building a legal system and relations among its components. At this phase of developing law, metaphorical expressions give rise to similarities on which its functions depend. Therefore, at the stage of structuring the meanings of legal terms, corresponding to the vagueness of the metaphor are the important processes of defining and then using legal terms.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2019, 8; 191-204
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fachsprachliche Pluralität in der berufliche Kommunikation
Technical Language Plurality in Professional Communication
Autorzy:
Roelcke, Thorsten
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2231356.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-19
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Languages for Specific Purposes
professional communication
multilingualism
plurilingualism
language didactics
Opis:
The modern working world is characterized by increasingly complex external and internal pluri- and multilingualism, which poses growing challenges for professional communication. In order to be able to systematically capture this increasing complexity, a separate model is required. In this model, on the one hand, the individual languages and their linguistic varieties of external and internal multilingualism and, on the other hand, the first-, second- and foreign-language competencies of individual persons are entered in a matrix. In this way, multilingual settings of professions or workplaces as well as multilingual profiles of individual persons can be described in a differentiate manner and corresponding political and didactic measures can be taken.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2022, Special Issue, 16; 217-229
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Frisian as an Endangered Language: An Overview
Autorzy:
Buczek, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2016229.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Frisian
language contact
endangered languages
Fishman’sGraded Intergenerational Disruption Scale
Opis:
The main goal of the paper is to answer the questions whether Frisian can be referred to as an endangered language and if it managed to survive the constant influence of the surrounding larger cultures and languages. The first point to be analyzed is the geographic distribution of Frisian. The second issue to be considered is the historical and present cultural and social status of the Frisian language. The third matter to be analysed is the lexical variety of Frisian language and its complexity, which made its survival possible. The article takes the diachronic perspective and expounds upon all the mentioned factors and their role in the preservation of Frisian until today. The paper presents an analysis of Frisian along Fishman’s Graded Intergenerational Disruption Scale (GIDS), its extended and modified version offered by Lewis and Simons (EGIDS) and the UNESCO’s ‘Language Vitality and Endangerment framework’ (LVE) guidelines (2003).
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2019, 8; 41-50
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Languages for Specific Purposes in the Business Services Sector in Poland 2021. Origins, Background, Results and Perspectives of the Language Barometer of Lódz
Autorzy:
Grzeszczakowska-Pawlikowska, Beata
Makowski, Jacek
Stawikowska-Marcinkowska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2231498.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-19
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Languages for Specific Purposes
LSP
Business Services
Professional Communication
German
Multilingualism
Opis:
The article contributes to current discourses on the opportunities, challenges and limits for foreign and specialised language didactics in the context of the closer cooperations between Universities and the wider economic and social environment. It presents and discusses the background, origins, results and perspectives of the research project “The Language Barometer of Lodz 2021. Employees of the modern business services sector”. The research questions of the survey are primarily directed at the required foreign language skills of the target group, areas of application of foreign languages, the knowledge and specialist areas to be mastered, language training in the company, as well as the aspect of multilingualism in the context of professional communication. The paper will present and discuss the global results of the survey, and also provide a full package of anonymous raw data collected during the survey for possible further analysis and study. The data obtained in the survey can be used for projects and research initiatives on various aspects of specialised communication in an intercultural work environment, but may also find application in, among other things, the development or modification of curricula at different levels of learning, the creation of specialisation modules, language courses, workshops or educational materials.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2022, Special Issue, 16; 75-89
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czech and Polish Analytic and Synthetic Anticausatives in Generative Morpho-Syntax
Autorzy:
Malicka-Kleparska, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2020853.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Slavic languages
morpho-syntactic systems
anticausatives
derivational morphology
Czech language
morphology
Opis:
Polish and Czech superficially resemble each other in the area of the anticausative formations. Their systems of anticausatives subsume synthetic and analytic “reflexive” anticausatives formed with almost identical morphological elements. Many other properties of the systems coincide, as for instance the fact that the “reflexive” morpheme does not occupy an argument position and that all anticausatives can be modified by similar prepositional phrases. Nevertheless, while in Czech parallels can be observed between stem forming vowels and resultative adjective forming suffixes, in Polish the forms no longer coincide in the same way: Czech distinction between stem forming vowels signals the presence of structures of different complexities, i.e. unaccusative, simple structures, and unergative, complex structures, in Polish the morpho-syntactic division cuts across the morphological exponents as anticausatives of all types possess fairly uniform unaccusative structures, while some of them share exponents, but not behavior, with stative verbs. Consequently, no correlation between the type of stem and the structural complexity argued by Medová (2011) for Czech can be traced in Polish. When considered more closely, the two languages prove to have very different anticausative systems.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2016, 5; 91-102
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wirtschaftsdeutsch in der universitären Ausbildung im Fach Germanistik in Polen – Versuch einer Bestandsaufnahme
Business German in University Education in German Studies in Poland – an Attempt at Stocktaking
Autorzy:
Kałasznik, Marcelina
Szczęk, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2231431.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-19
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Business German
University Education in Poland
German Studies
specialised languages
study programmes
Opis:
For some time now, a clear turn towards education in the field of specialized languages has been observed in German Studies institutes in Poland. This trend is welcomed by current and prospective students of German. Students see it as the practical dimension of the knowledge acquired during their studies. However, whether their needs in the field of specialized language education are fully satisfied is the question to be examined in this paper which will analyse analyze Programmes in German Studies at Polish universities. The focus will be on the content components of the study programmes offered. The aim of the analysis is to diagnose the current situation and uncover desiderata in this area.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2022, Special Issue, 16; 111-126
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Der Beitrag der Angewandten Linguistik zur Praxisorientierung philologischer Studiengänge
Contribution of Applied Linguistics to the Practical Orientation of University Programmes in Languages
Autorzy:
Grzeszczakowska-Pawlikowska, Beata
Makowski, Jacek
Stawikowska-Marcinkowska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2231458.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-19
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
applied linguistics
philology
university
employability
practicability
languages for specific purposes
professional communication
Opis:
Once a demand of the student movement of the 1960s, the call for more practical relevance in higher education is being expressed again in student surveys. This has gained importance across Europe, not least as a consequence of the implementation of the Bologna Reform. Alongside employability and competence orientation, practical orientation has become one of the central issues in the debate about the curricular focus of university programmes. This paper seeks to briefly outline the concepts behind the keywords employability, competence orientation and practice orientation and discuss how they relate to the traditional (self-)understanding of universities. On the basis of examples it will then consider what concrete contributions Applied Linguistics as an academic discipline (along with its sub-disciplines) can make to the practical orientation of degrees in languages.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2022, Special Issue, 16; 7-20
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Linguistics for business (L4B) der Universität Lódz: ein Studiengang im Geist der Kompetenz und Praxisorientiertheit. Sprachenbarometer Lódz 2021 – Stand und Prognosen
Linguistics for Business (L4B) of the University of Lódz: a Study Program in the Spirit of Competence and Practice Orientation. Language Barometer Lódz 2021 - Status and Forecasts
Autorzy:
Stawikowska-Marcinkowska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2231354.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-19
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
linguistics for business
languages for specific purposes
business services
professional communication
labour market
Opis:
The university’s relations with the social and economic environment are becoming an increasingly important aspect of higher education, in addition to the university’s traditional missions. In addition to education and research, the so-called third mission of the university is developing, which includes relations with the business sector, the public sector and the non-governmental sector, i.e. the socio-economic environment. The goal of the University’s cooperation with employers is to share experiences and strengthen cooperation with entrepreneurs and employers. The latter can co-design teaching programs, conduct courses and workshops, organize internships or present their own solutions to various research problems. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to show the role and importance of foreign and specialized language teaching in the context of interdisciplinary studies oriented to the needs of the labour market. This is promoted by the study conducted within the framework of the project Language Barometer Łódź 2021.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2022, Special Issue, 16; 231-242
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Origins of the French Lexical Borrowings in Late Middle English Weaponry
Autorzy:
Balbuena, Miguel Luis Poveda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2016064.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
languages in contact
lexical borrowings
etymology
French
Middle English
military
war
medieval weapons
Opis:
According to Philip Durkin (2014) French borrowings constitute a great part of the formation of new words in late Middle English, varying between 39% in the first half of the 14th century to 17% in the second half of the 15th century (45% and 23% respectively if we include those whose origin is unclear, whether Latin or French). Among the number of French lexical borrowings incorporated during the 14th and 15th centuries, we may find native Romance terms as well as some others from different sources thanks to the previous contact of French with other languages. Most of the borrowings in the military terminology of the period have a French origin. Funk (1998: 221) mentions that most of the English words that concern the science of war are of French or French-Italian origin. Likewise, the military terminology in French contains a great amount of lexical borrowings from other languages that will be later incorporated in English. Duval (2009: 19) makes reference to the importance of the Frankish influence in the French lexical domains and activities related to war. The data base of this research is made up of 175 terms, which are limited to nouns referring to offensive and defensive weapons, from 67% to 74% of those items are borrowings from French. Most of them have a native Romance origin, but there are also terms from Celtic, Germanic and other languages. This paper focuses on the analysis and quantification of the French lexical borrowings in the late Middle English terminology of weapons, including borrowings first incorporated from Norman French and later from Central French. The main goal is to trace back the origins of those lexical borrowings and their acceptance into English and to analyse its quantitative impact on the late Middle English lexicon, a period during which many new terms were introduced from other languages that substituted and changed notably the native traditional vocabulary the English language previously had.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2018, 7; 21-28
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Germanistik im Beruf: Ausbildung, Karrierechancen, Realität. Spezifik der beruflichen (Fach-) Kommunikation von Germanisten in der Branche moderner Unternehmensdienstleistungen in Polen
German Studies and Employment: Education, Career Opportunities, Reality. Specifics of Professional Specialist Communication among German Studies Graduates in the Business Services Sector in Poland
Autorzy:
Makowski, Jacek
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2231351.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-12-19
Wydawca:
Komisja Nauk Filologicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk, Oddział we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
Languages for Specific Purposes
LSP
Business Services
Professional Communication
German
Multilingualism
language didactics
German Philology
Berufskommunikation
Fachkommunikation
Fachsprache
Deutsch
Germanistik
Opis:
This paper addresses the question of the specificity of professional (specialist) communication among graduates of the German Studies working in business services in Poland. The research results presented are based on the global results of the project “The Language Barometer of Lódz 2021. Employees in the Modern Business Services Sector.” The target group are employees of companies in the Polish business services sector and, at the same time, graduates of the Master’s degree programme in German at the University of Lódz. The research questions of the survey are primarily directed at the required foreign language skills of the target group, areas of application of foreign languages, the knowledge and specialist areas to be mastered, language training in the company and multilingualism in professional communication.
Źródło:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology; 2022, Special Issue, 16; 171-181
2299-7164
2353-3218
Pojawia się w:
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 16

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