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Tytuł:
Akcja antykatolicka w Polsce i jej autorzy (1947-1956)
The Anti-Catholic Action in Poland and its Authors (1947-1956)
Autorzy:
Sekściński, Bogdan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/512225.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum
Tematy:
Communism
Polska
Catholic Church
persecution
Opis:
The article investigates the persecution of the Catholic Church in the times of Stalinism, when the political power in Poland was largely centralized in the hands of the Communists of Jewish origin, who were sent by Joseph Stalin from Moscow in order to sovietize Poland. The Catholic Church, which had been defending the sovereignty of Poland for centuries, was treated by Com-munists as a greatest enemy of their objectives. The article shows the ruthlessness of the Com-munist regime, whose goal was to weaken the role of the Roman Catholic Church, and to liqui-date its leading institutions, such as the Catholic University of Lublin. It concisely presents main assumptions of the “anticlerical action” which was authorized by Hilary Minc and Jakub Ber-man. The paper contains legal reviews which indicate the illegal behavior of security officers in relation to Catholics, in particular to those of juvenile age. It argues that, with fighting against the Catholicism in Poland, the Communists infringed the law established by themselves. The article is a result of the many months inquiry in several archive institutes in Poland.
Źródło:
Studia Ełckie; 2012, 14; 247-272
1896-6896
2353-1274
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ełckie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tragedia bliskowschodnich chrześcijan – mroczne oblicze Arabskiej Wiosny
The Tragedy of the Middle Eastern Christian. A Dark Side of the Arab Spring
Autorzy:
Zdanowski, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/504816.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
Middle East
Christianity
minorities
Islamism
persecution
Opis:
The article refers to the problem of the extinction of Christianity and other religious minorities in the Middle East. This process began in the 19th century in the Balkans and continued with Jews in the Arab countries, Jews and Bahais in Iran, and the Chaldo-Assyrian Christians in Iraq and Syria. The events of 2011 provoked a new wave of anti-Christian feelings in the Arab world with the worst anti-Christian violence against Copts in Egypt. The other question discussed in the article is why the Western press and political elites have ignored or under-reported this persecution.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2013, 3; 253-264
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mobbing - specyficzny rodzaj przemocy
Mobbing – a specific type of violence
Autorzy:
Bialik, Małgorzata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1832974.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki w Bydgoszczy. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane
Tematy:
mobbing
przemoc psychiczna
prześladowanie
psychological violence
persecution
Opis:
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest analiza zjawiska, jakim jest mobbing – jego cech charakterystycznych, rodzajów tego zjawiska, występujących faz, a także przedstawienie obowiązków pracodawcy w tym zakresie i możliwości ochrony prawnej ofiary mobbingu. W tekście rozpatruje się pojęcie mobbingu w oparciu o źródła prawne i literaturę. Określone zostało źródło pochodzenia nazwy i przytoczone zostały jej definicje, stworzone przez badaczy. Opisano istotę mobbingu i jego cel, przedstawiono jego rodzaje i przyczyny występowania. Ponadto określono czynniki wpływające na rozwój mobbingu i fazy tego zjawiska. Skupiono się na cechach, jakimi charakteryzuje się mobber oraz predyspozycjach, jakie posiada zazwyczaj ofiara. W artykule wskazano także na obowiązki ciążące na pracodawcy, związane z zapobieganiem temu zjawisku w podległym mu zakładzie pracy. Zwrócono uwagę na istotę wprowadzenia polityki antymobbingowej w każdej organizacji. Krótko przedstawione zostały regulacje prawne dotyczące zjawiska mobbingu. Określono także związek pomiędzy właściwą organizacją pracy i przeciwdziałaniem mobbingowi. Przedstawiono sposoby radzenia sobie z działaniami mobbingu przez ofiarę – zarówno psychologiczne, jak i społeczne. Ponadto opisano jakie ofiara mobbingu ma wyjścia z sytuacji terroru psychicznego i jak można udzielić jej pomocy. Dokonano również analizy przepisów prawa, które stwierdzają odpowiedzialność za każdy przypadek mobbingu w miejscu pracy w stosunku do pracodawcy. Opisano środki prawne, jakie przysługują ofierze. Określono, jakie warunki musi spełnić pracownik, by zostać uznanym za ofiarę mobbingu przed sądem. Skupiono się na gwarancjach prawnych ochrony przed mobbingiem. Celem głównym nadrzędnym niniejszego tekstu jest zwrócenie uwagi na ogrom problemu zjawiska mobbingu w stosunkach pracy (także wśród grona pedagogicznego), ze względu na niedoskonałość przepisów prawa oraz niski stan świadomości społecznej, co z kolei prowadzi do cierpienia jednostki i rosnącej liczby samobójstw spowodowanych nasileniem się tego zjawiska.
The aim of this article is to analyze the phenomenon of mobbing, its characteristics, types of this phenomenon, the phases that occur, as well as to present the obligations of the employer in this regard and the possibility of legal protection of the victim of mobbing. The text considers the concept of mobbing based on legal sources and literature. In this chapter, the source of this name was identified and the definitions of mobbing created by many researchers of the phenomenon were presented. The essence of mobbing and its purpose were described, the most characteristic features were defined, its types and reasons for its occurrence were presented. Moreover, factors influencing the development of mobbing and the phases of this phenomenon were determined. The focus was on the features of a mobber and the predispositions that a victim usually has. The article also indicates the obligations incumbent on the employer related to the prevention of mobbing in the workplace he supervises. Attention was drawn to the essence of introducing an anti–mobbing policy in every organization. The legal regulations concerning mobbing are briefly presented. The relationship between the proper organization of work and counteracting mobbing was also determined. The methods of dealing with mobbing activities by the victim – both psychological and social – are presented. Moreover, it describes what a victim of mobbing has solutions to a situation of mental terror and how to help him. An analysis of the legal provisions was also made, which stipulate liability for each case of mobbing in the workplace in relation to the employer. The legal remedies available to the victim are described. It was determined what conditions an employee must meet in order to be considered a victim of mobbing in court. The focus was on legal guarantees of protection against mobbing. The main goal of this text is to draw attention to the enormity of the problem of mobbing in labor relations (also among the teaching staff), due to the imperfection of legal provisions and the low level of social awareness, which in turn leads to individual suffering and the increasing number of suicides caused by the intensification of this problem.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Gospodarki, seria Edukacja - Rodzina - Społeczeństwo; 2021, 6; 299-344
2450-9760
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Gospodarki, seria Edukacja - Rodzina - Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Świadkowie Jehowy jako najbardziej zwalczana sekta w Armenii
Jehovah’s Witnesses as the most persecuted sect in Armenia
Autorzy:
Król-Mazur, Renata
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/521443.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Wrocławski. Wydział Nauk Społecznych. Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych
Tematy:
Jehovah’s Witnesses
Armenia
persecution
religious freedom
Opis:
In the paper the author discusses the issues related to the persecution of Jehovah’s Witnesses by the authorities of the Republic of Armenia and the Armenian Apostolic Church, which enjoys the status of the national church. In Armenia Jehovah’s Witnesses are commonly perceived as a „particularly negative sect”. Due to their refusal to perform military service (which is important in the situation of the still not resolved conflict over Nagorno-Karabakh) they are treated as traitors to their own nation. The registration application of Jehovah’s Witnesses was rejected by the authorities fifteen times and despite the & nal success with the registration they still face numerous obstacles which makes it hard to exercise their faith openly. The author’s intention is to raise awareness to the fact that Armenians still demonstrate a negative attitude to all religious minorities, as the re{ ection of the generally prevailing „fear of strangers”. The actions of local TV channels broadcasting current affairs programs in which minorities are shown as enemies to the country and the national unity, can also be blames. Social attitudes explicitly indicate that for Armenians religious diversity constitutes a threat to the ethnic unity. Papers devoted to the freedom of religion published before 2015 show that Jehovah’s Witnesses were the ones particularly persecuted. The blame for such a situation lies to a large extent with the clergy of the Armenian Apostolic Church who encourage locals to defend the national church. The issue of religious minorities is also used in the political struggle. According to some leading Armenian politicians Jehovah’s Witnesses run the policy which is most destructive for Armenia. The blame for the spread of sects in Armenia is put on Western European countries and the United States of America which are believed to & nance sects with the intention to destroy all Orthodox Christian churches that preserve national identity. It is widely believed that America supports sects as it is interested in destabilization of geopolitical situation in the regions close to Russia. The author also tries to find an answer to the question why, despite such unfavorable conditions, Jehovah’s Witnesses in Armenia keep gaining more followers at an increasing rate.
Źródło:
Wschodnioznawstwo; 2016, 10; 101-118
2082-7695
Pojawia się w:
Wschodnioznawstwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zapomniane ofiary nazizmu
Autorzy:
Borysławska, Magda
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131182.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
Nazism
non-heteronormativity
gay persecution
memory discourse
Opis:
The forgotten victims of Nazism are those, whose suffering was not acknowledged in the collective memory of a nation. The abovementioned category describes individuals persecuted on the ground of sexual orientation, both during the period of Third Reich and many years after its downfall. The research problem of the article is the approach towards the subject of gay persecution in the Polish historical narrative. The author performs an analysis of the reception of homosexual Nazism victims‘ testimonies, taking into consideration political and ideological aspects of text refraction. The Polish memory discourse rejects the issue of non-heteronormativity in the context of World War II history. It is demonstrated by, inter alia, lack of memorial sites and marginalization of the subject in historical education.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2016, 2(21); 33-40
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“Some are guilty but all are responsible” – A.J. Heschel’s opposition to all forms of persecution
Autorzy:
Szczerbiński, Waldemar
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28408203.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Racism
Persecution
Equality
Religion
A.J. Heschel
Opis:
The main purpose of this article is to analyze racial persecution in the light of Heschel’s religious concept of equality. The Jewish thinker analyzes this problem based on the phenomenon of persecution of black people by the followers of monotheism in the United States, both by Jews and Christians. Heschel asks a fundamental question: How can a religious man persecute another man because of the color of his skin?
Źródło:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia; 2023, 25; 109-123
2082-5951
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europaea Gnesnensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Religious Literature and the Work of the „Poor Sisters” Banned by the Soviet Authorities
Autorzy:
Žemaitis, Kęstutis
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/38707075.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Diecezjalne Adalbertinum
Tematy:
banned literature
distribution
Sisters of the Poor
persecution
Opis:
At the end of the Second World War, Lithuania was occupied by the Soviet Union for decades. The Soviet government was essentially atheistic and persecuted all religious activities. Literature was very important for religious education, but it was destroyed, and the printing of new literature was forbidden and even punishable by imprisonment or other penalties. However, enthusiasts emerged who, under such conditions, began writing, reprinting and distributing periodicals and individual publications. These books included translations mainly from Polish or German. Monks, priests, and laymen did a great deal of work in the field of self-publishing. In particular, members of the Sisters’ Congregation of the Blessed Virgin Mary of the Immaculate Conception of the Poor, popularly known as the Sisters of the Poor, were involved in the distribution of such underground books. They distributed religious literature, were persecuted and persecuted, but their contribution to the development of a Catholic society was felt. After the end of the Soviet era, the nuns, and the return of individual residences to the old monastery buildings brought with them “secret” books and created a rich library worthy of research attention.
Źródło:
Studia Ełckie; 2024, 26, 2; 183-190
1896-6896
2353-1274
Pojawia się w:
Studia Ełckie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interpretation of Silence in Paul Celan’s Holocaust Poetics
Autorzy:
Kopuri, Sreekanth
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/545376.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydział Filologiczny
Tematy:
Holocaust
Existential Silence
Language Grille
Persecution
Death
Ash.
Opis:
To discuss in the light of Theodre Adorno’s reconsideration of his own dictum – “To write poetry after Auschwitz is barbaric” – Paul Celan’s Holocaust-born epochal art restates “only poetry is possible after Auschwitz”. The Shaoh stands as a testimony of the most painful endurance in history thus permanently fracturing the self-confidence especially of many Jews and their belief in the “Biblical Chosenness”. The consequent literature of continuing silence with a guilt of survival has redefined the term suffering especially in the poetry of Paul Celan which if turned out to be the “last inarticulate babble” had the merit of silencing words into a condensed metaphoric image of recurring complexity that finally brings out a paradoxical message with a strange “capacity to have the incapacity to speak”. Unlike the poetry of the Romantics which was verbally vociferous, Celan’s was more so with silence being a displaced being like a blurred horizon between the Pre-Holocaust land and the Post-Holocaust sky. Silence as a form of dense literary genre which is like “a letter in a bottle thrown out to sea” in Celan’s poetry starts at the periphery of Auschwitz cries. Ironically enough his suicide culminates in this mission. His metaphoric voice sets out for excavation of memories in Shoah painfully encountering aphasia with a parallel pursuit for a language that replays the action and music of the perpetual death in the still fresh picture of ash-flake rain or charred chunks of human flesh. Celan explored the darkest domains of human history with a polysemeous canon and systematically constructed the art of silence as an emerging literary consequence where the words become cryptic, fractured and attain what Gilles Deleuze and Guttari said: “the becoming minor of the major language”.
Źródło:
Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne; 2016, 6; 125-140
2353-4699
Pojawia się w:
Jednak Książki. Gdańskie Czasopismo Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kościoły ewangelikalne w strefie konfliktu na wschodzie Ukrainy w latach 2014–2019
Evangelical churches in the conflict zone in Eastern Ukraine in the years 2014–2019
Евангельские церкви в зоне конфликта на востоке Украины в 2014–2019 гг.
Autorzy:
Dębowski, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1931552.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
Evangelical Christians
persecution
Donetsk
Luhansk
евангельские христиане
гонения
Донецк
Луганск
Opis:
Polish scientific publications regarding the conflict in Eastern Ukraine rarely describe the situation of religious minorities in the Donetsk and Luhansk People’s Republics. They are more focused on its political, economic and military aspects. The author decided to verify the hypothesis that the conflict in eastern Ukraine has only political background, not religious, and, therefore, he has formulated the two research questions. First: what forms did the persecutions of Evangelical Christians take, and how did it affect the activities of these Christians? Second: what were the reasons for the persecutions of the Evangelical Christians? The text consists of three parts and conclusions. The first part provides general information about Evangelical Christians in eastern Ukraine. The cases of persecution of this group between 2014 and 2019 are further described. The third part examines the factors determining the position of evangelical Christians in the Donetsk People’s Republic and the Luhansk People’s Republic. The last part of the article contains conclusions. The deliberations were prepared on the basis of carefully verified materials in English, Ukrainian and Polish. Many publications were downloaded from the websites of various international organizations, think tanks and research institutions. The author used a qualitative approach and referred to the sociological analysis of the conflict, taking into account political and religious studies.
Польские научные публикации о конфликте на востоке Украины редко описывают положение религиозных меньшинств в так называемых Донецкой и Луганской Народных Республиках. Они уделяют больше внимания политическим, экономическим и военным аспектам конфликта. Автор решил проверить гипотезу о том, что конфликт на востоке Украины является политическим, а не религиозным, и поэтому сформулировал два исследовательских вопроса. Первый звучит: какие формы приобрело преследование христиан веры евангельской и в какой степени оно повлияло на их деятельность? Второй вопрос: каковы были причины преследований христиан веры евангельской? Предлагаемый текст состоит из трех частей и выводов. В первой части представлена общая характеристика христиан веры евангельской востока Украины. Далее описаны случаи преследования этой религиозной группы в 2014–2019 гг. В третьей части исследуются факторы, определяющие положение христиан веры евангельской в Донецкой Народной Республике и Луганской Народной Республике. Последний фрагмент статьи содержит выводы. Размышления подготовлены на основе тщательно проверенных материалов на английском, украинском и польском языках. Многие использованные публикации можно найти на сайтах международных организаций, аналитических центров и научных учреждений. Автор применил для анализа качественный подход, обращаясь и к социологическому анализу конфликта, с учетом политических и религиозных исследований.
Źródło:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia; 2021, 4(31); 51-71
2084-3291
Pojawia się w:
Nowa Polityka Wschodnia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Sposoby walki z Kościołem w PRL w latach czterdziestych i pięćdziesiątych XX wieku
The ways of fighting against the Church in Polish People’s Republic (PRL) in the 40s and 50s of the 20th century
Autorzy:
Chmielecki, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/553656.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-28
Wydawca:
Wyższe Seminarium Misyjne Księży Sercanów
Tematy:
Kościół
państwo
prześladowanie
porozumienie
prymas
Church
state
persecution
agreement
primate
Opis:
Nowa władza w powojennej Polsce na wszelki sposób starała się usunąć obecność Kościoła z życia publicznego albo przynajmniej ją marginalizować. Rządzący traktowali partię i państwo z jednej oraz Kościół z drugiej strony jako dwa odrębne byty. Uznanie praw Kościoła i ludzi wierzących miało charakter koncesyjny, traktowano je jako przywilej udzielony przez suwerena, czyli państwo i partię. Wyraźnie została za¬znaczona nadrzędność państwa, jego charakteru ideologicznego i jego funkcji wład¬czych. Ograniczenia działalności Kościoła przez władze komunistyczne można podzie¬lić na dwa okresy: do 1956 roku, gdzie represje i prześladowania miały charakter bardziej otwarty i bezpardonowy oraz te następujące po przejęciu sterów rządowych przez Wła-dysława Gomułkę. W pierwszym okresie odnajdujemy np. pozbawienie Kościoła praw majątko¬wych, upaństwowienie Caritas, dekret o obsadzaniu duchownych stanowisk kościelnych, wreszcie aresztowanie i więzienie kardynała Wyszyńskiego. Natomiast w czasie rządów Gomułki m.in. nauka religii zaczęła być usuwana ze szkół, zaprzestano udzielania zezwoleń na budowę nowych kościołów, ograniczono liczbę dni wolnych od pracy, które miały za podstawę święta kościelne.
The new authority in post-war Poland was trying to remove or at least to minimise the presence of Church in the public life in every way. The politicians were treating the party and the country on the one hand and the Church on the other hand as two separate beings. The acknowledgment of Church and Christian rights had a licensing character, treated as a privilege provided by the sovereign, in other words by the country or the party. The superiority of the country was clearly marked, its ideological character and function of management. The Church limitation by the communist state can be divided into two periods: up to the year 1956 where repressions and persecutions were more open and ruthless and those after taking the governmental reigns by Władysław Gomułka. In the first period we find deprivation of Church property rights, nationalization of ‘Caritas’, the decree of taking the clerical positions in the Church, finally the arrest and the imprisonment of cardinal Wyszyński. While the reigns of Władysław Gomułka, among others, religious education was withdrawn from schools, permissions for new churches building were not given, public holidays based on Church holiday were reduced.
Źródło:
Sympozjum; 2019, 1(36); 285-306
2543-5442
Pojawia się w:
Sympozjum
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Czy jest możliwy dialog z islamem?
Is the dialogue with islam possible?
Autorzy:
Bortkiewicz, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/546405.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
Islam
jihad
dialogue
Koran
religion
Muslims
Allah
Muhammad
Christians
persecution
Opis:
Is there in the contemporary world a possibility of a dialogue with Islam? We have to look closer haw Muslims treat Christians and if Muslims want to have a dialogue with Christians.
Źródło:
Civitas et Lex; 2016, 3(11); 48 - 57
2392-0300
Pojawia się w:
Civitas et Lex
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Liliana Segre, or the courageous struggle against “indifference” and for social recognition
Autorzy:
Greco, Silvana
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1037945.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
italian holocaust survivor
antisemitism
nazi persecution
fascism
social recognition
misrecognition
Opis:
From a historical and sociological perspective, based on the social theory of recognition of Axel Honneth, this article analyzes the life course of the Italian Jewish Holocaust survivor Liliana Segre, born in 1930 in Milan, and her struggle for social recognition after her liberation from the concentration camps of Auschwitz-Birkenau, Ravensbrück, Jugendlager and Malchow. The article will underline on one side, the “spiral of misrecognition” that Liliana Segre, as all Italian Jews, has been victim of after the approval of the Fascist racial laws of 1938 and the negative consequences for her identity, such as social shame, loss of self-confidence, self-respect and self-esteem. On the other side, the article focus on the “upward spiral of recognition”, that Liliana Segre was able to realize after her return from the concentration camp. Through marriage, maternity, paid work in the labor market and civil engagement as Shoah witness, she was able to regain social self-esteem and dignity for herself and, for the Jewish people.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2019, 19; 9-31
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Аўтабіяграфічная аповесць Развітанне з ілюзіямі: Васіль Быкаў вачыма Аляксея Карпюка
Wasyl Bykow in the eyes of Aleksy Karpiuk: autobiographical novel Farewell to Illusions
Autorzy:
Sakowicz, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/481859.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie
Tematy:
Grodno
autobiographism
friendship
creativity
socio-political situation in Belarus political persecution
Opis:
This article analyses the memories about Wasyl Bykow (1924–2003), one of the most outstanding Belarusian prose writers Aleksy Karpiuk (1920–1992) included in the book Farewell to Illusions (2007). Particular attention is paid to the writer’s life in Grodno and his friendship with A. Karpiuk, an artist born in Straszewo in the Bialystok region, the author of many works describing the reality of the borderland of north-eastern Poland. A. Karpiuk truly describes twenty-two years shared with his friend in Grodno, in a period unfavorable for rebellious writers. The writer shows the personality of Bykow, focuses on the socio-political aspect of life in the second half of the twentieth century, but tactically ignores the private sphere. A. Karpiuk, on the occasion of describing the problems that the literary milieu struggled with, gives his own assessment of the socio-political situation in Belarus.
Źródło:
Acta Polono-Ruthenica; 2018, 4, XXIII; 33-44
1427-549X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Polono-Ruthenica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kontrowersje wokół męczeństwa w starożytnym kościele – stanowisko Tertuliana
The relationship of Tertulian to controversies over the martyrdom at the ancient church
Autorzy:
Kubiszewska, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/495237.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Towarzystwo Naukowe Franciszka Salezego
Tematy:
the persecution of Christians
ancient Church
Tertullian
Martyrdom
controversies over the martyrdom
Opis:
Tertullian in his works referred to controversial issues which had happened during persecution of the first believers of the Christ. The Christianity required from its followers even martyrdom, for which they received a priceless prize: the eternal life. The martyrdom was not ordered but was a free choice and sprang from the willpower of God. Carthaginian firmly objected to the escape during persecution. From conducted analysis of his texts can be seen that his view on this subject changed. In the period of the Catholic faith he supported the escape but converting on Montanizm disregarded it, because given that persecution originated from God, it could not be nothing bad. Particularly he condemned clergymen shirking the martyrdom as it was them that should be a model for faithful and a support in heavy moments of doubt. Carthaginian was a rigorous opponent of buying himself out from the martyrdom. According to Tertullian, since the Jesus laid down his life for all people, there was no price which could equal this act and redeem the man back from the martyrdom. Such a way of avoiding persecuting was unworthy to follow by faithful of Christ.
Źródło:
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe; 2012, 31; 229-242
1232-8766
Pojawia się w:
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„Mysterium iniquitatis”: prześladowanie duchowieństwa katolickiego przez systemy totalitarne
“Mysterium iniquitatis”: persecution of Catholic clergy by totalitarian systems
Autorzy:
Kaczmarek, Tomasz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/956328.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Wyższe Seminarium Duchowne w Łodzi
Tematy:
misterium iniquitatis
prześladowanie duchowieństwa katolickiego
prześladowanie chrześcijan
systemy totalitarne
nazizm hitlerowski
sowiecki komunizm
persecution of Catholic clergy
persecution of Christians
totalitarian systems
German Nazism
Soviet communism
mysterium iniquitatis
Opis:
This article turns our attention to the facts which can be researched empirically and at the same time it reminds us that we deal with the reality which cannot be only described by words. We deal here with the mystery of evil (mysterium iniquitatis), which must be understood in a deeper Christian perspective. Those facts are persecutions of clergy by totalitarian systems. Speaking about them, we must apply short presentations concerning two such regimes which are most meaningful for us, i.e. German Nazism and Soviet communism. Both of them developed in different spiritual and material cultures, but in their ideological assumptions and their implementations those systems turned out to be very similar. We have enough evidence to speak about them as of the persecutors of faith.
Źródło:
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne; 2017, 26, 2; 55-68
1231-1634
Pojawia się w:
Łódzkie Studia Teologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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