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Wyszukujesz frazę "nitrogen efficiency" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Influence of formulation of phosphorus fertilizer on nitrogen uptake and its efficiency under maize grain cropping
Wpływ formy nawozu fosforowego na pobranie i efektywność azotu w uprawie kukurydzy na ziarno
Autorzy:
Potarzycki, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/47401.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Politechnika Bydgoska im. Jana i Jędrzeja Śniadeckich. Wydawnictwo PB
Tematy:
phosphorus
phosphorus fertilization
nitrogen uptake
nitrogen efficiency
maize
grain crop
superphosphate
nitrogen content
Opis:
The aim of the paper was to evaluate the efficiency of nitrogen from ammonium saltpeter as related to the formulation of phosphorus fertilizer under maize grain cropping. Maize was grown in monoculture throughout the consecutive years 2003- -2007. A two factorial field experiment was established at a farm located in Nowa Wieś Królewska (52o26’ N; 17o57’ E) on a slightly acidic soil, moderately rich in phosphorus. Experimental factors were as follows: (i) chemical formulation of the fertilizer, (partially acidulated phosphate rock – PAPR, simple superphosphate – SSP and triple superphosphate – TSP), (ii) nitrogen rate: 80 and 140 kg N·ha-1; a phosphorus unfertilized treatment was also considered. The type of phosphorus fertilizer did not differentiate nitrogen uptake, but the lack of phosphorus at the applied rate has induced a decrease in nitrogen accumulation in the aboveground biomass, on average by 8%. Phosphorus fertilization at the rate 26.4 kg P·ha-1 was the main determinant of nitrogen uptake by the kernels. Nitrogen recovery (R) from the fertilizers as well as its agronomical (AE) and physiological (PE) efficiency were significantly lower in treatments where phosphorus was not applied. Furthermore, it was found a positive effect of sulphur from simple superphosphate on the AE after the application of 80 kg N·ha-1. The R values did not depend on the chemical formulation of phosphorus in the fertilizer and amounted on average to 74 and 59% for the rates 80 and 140 kg N·ha-1, respectively, whereas for the treatment without P, these values varied within the range 46-54%.
Celem pracy była ocena efektywności azotu z saletry amonowej w zależności od formy nawozu fosforowego w uprawie kukurydzy przeznaczonej na ziarno. Kukurydzę uprawiano w latach 2003-2007 w monokulturze. Dwuczynnikowe doświadczenie założono w gospodarstwie zlokalizowanym w Nowej Wsi Królewskiej (52o26’ N; 17o57’ E), na glebie lekko kwaśnej, średnio zasobnej w przyswajalny fosfor. Czynniki doświadczalne: (i) formulacja chemiczna nawozu (częściowo rozłożony fosforyt – PAPR, superfosfat prosty – SSP oraz superfosfat potrójny – TSP), (ii) dawka azotu (80 i 140 kg N·ha-1); analizowano także wariant bez nawożenia fosforem. Forma nawozu fosforowego nie różnicowała pobrania azotu, natomiast brak fosforu w dawce nawozowej prowadził do zmniejszenia akumulacji azotu w biomasie nadziemnej średnio o 8%. Nawożenie fosforem w dawce 26,4 kg P·ha-1 determinowało pobranie azotu przez ziarniaki. Wykorzystanie azotu z nawozów (W) oraz efektywność agronomiczna (EA) i fizjologiczna (EF) tego składnika były istotnie mniejsze w warunkach braku nawożenia fosforem. Potwierdzono dodatnie działanie siarki z superfosfatu prostego na EA po zastosowaniu 80 kg N·ha-1. Wartości W nie zależały od formulacji chemicznej fosforu w nawozie i wynosiły średnio 74 i 59% odpowiednio dla dawek 80 i 140 kg N·ha-1, a na kontroli (bez P) wahały się w granicach 46-54%.
Źródło:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura; 2009, 08, 3
1644-0625
Pojawia się w:
Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Agricultura
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Productivity, nitrogen use efficiency and water use efficiency of maize for grain in long term field experiments
Autorzy:
Rutkowska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2148504.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-06-30
Wydawca:
Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Zea mays
nitrogen rates
Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE)
Water Use Efficiency (WUE)
nitrogen surplus
Opis:
11Abstract. Maize, one of the most important cereals species grown in Poland, use large quantities of nitrogen, but water defi-cit through the vegetation period might lead to yield reduction and diminish nitrogen uptake. The aim of the study was to char-acterize the productivity of the crop, depending on its nitrogen and water use efficiency. In two locations, in Western and Eastern Poland, eleven-year field experiments with maize grown for grain were conducted. Maize was fertilized with increasing rates of ni-trogen: 50, 100, 150, 200 i 250 kg N ha-1. It was found, that grain yields of maize raised statistically significant up to 8.03 tha-1 under 150 kg Nha-1. Such a dose guaranteed: nitrogen uptake 182 kg Nha-1, nitrogen use efficiency 121%, nitrogen surplus -32 kg Nha-1, water use efficiency 14.5 kgha-1 mm-1, and nitro-gen utilization efficiency 43 kgkg-1. Increasing nitrogen doses over the years was not justified because maize productivity was limited by water availability under higher nitrogen rates.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Agronomy; 2019, 37; 11-15
2081-2787
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Agronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Productivity of winter oilseed rape depending on its nitrogen and water use efficiency
Autorzy:
Rutkowska, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2147964.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-30
Wydawca:
Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
Brassica napus L.
nitrogen rates
Nitrogen Use Efficiency (NUE)
Water Use Efficiency (WUE)
nitrogen surplus
Opis:
This paper presents the results of 11 years of field experimentconcerning winter oilseed rape in Eastern Poland. Theaim of the study was to characterise rape production dependingon the nitrogen and water use efficiency. Oilseed rape was fertilisedwith increasing doses of nitrogen, i.e. 50, 100, 150, 200and 250 kg N ha-1. It was found that rapeseed yields increasedstatistically significantly to 3.33 t ha-1 at a rate of 200 kg N ha-1.This dose guaranteed: nitrogen uptake of 155 kg N ha-1, nitrogenuse efficiency of 78%, nitrogen surplus of 45 kg N ha-1, wateruse efficiency of 8.4 kg ha-1 mm-1 and nitrogen utilisation efficiencyof 22 kg kg-1. Increasing the nitrogen rate in the long termto 250 kg N ha-1 proved to be unjustified because it did not causea significant increase in the yield or water use efficiency, while itsignificantly increased the nitrogen uptake, its surplus in the soiland reduced the efficiency of nitrogen from fertilisers utilisation.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Agronomy; 2019, 39; 10-15
2081-2787
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Agronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The effect of fertilization with sulphur on uptake and utilization of nitrogen by winter wheat
Autorzy:
Winiarski, Ryszard
Ochal, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2147734.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-09-30
Wydawca:
Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
nitrogen doses
sulphur fertilization
nitrogen uptake
efficiency of nitrogen utilization
Opis:
This paper presents the results of a four-year field study on the effect of sulphur fertilization on nitrogen uptake and its utilization efficiency by winter wheat. A two-factor field ex- periment was carried out over 1999–2002 in a randomized blocks design. The first factor was fertilization with sulphur (in the form of sulphate) in doses of 0 and 60 kg ha-1, while the second fac- tor – nitrogen fertilization (in the form of ammonium nitrate) in doses of 0, 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 kg N ha-1. Nitrogen was ap- plied in doses of 30 kg N ha-1, at two-week intervals after the start of growing season. The research showed that sulphur fertiliza- tion increased on average the nitrogen uptake by wheat by 3.5%. The efficiency index of nitrogen fertilization of wheat had higher values after application of fertilizers containing sulphur with a tendency to decrease as the dose N increased. Sulphur fertiliza- tion increased the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen in the range of low doses from 30 to 90 kg N ha-1.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Agronomy; 2021, 46; 31-37
2081-2787
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Agronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Genome-wide identification and characterisation of ammonium transporter gene family in barley
Autorzy:
Tanwar, Umesh K.
Stolarska, Ewelina
Paluch-Lubawa, Ewelina
Rudy, Elżbieta
Sobieszczuk-Nowicka, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28411631.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
ammonium transporter
AMT
bioinformatics
gene expression
barley
Hordeum vulgare
nitrogen use efficiency
Opis:
Nitrogen (N) is an essential macronutrient for the growth and development of plants, but excessive use of nitrogen fertiliser in agriculture can result in environmental pollution. As a preferred nitrogen form, ammonium (NH4+) is absorbed from the soil by the plants through ammonium transporters (AMTs). Therefore, it is important to explore AMTs to improve the efficiency of plant N utilisation. Here, we performed a comprehensive genome-wide analysis to identify and characterise the AMT genes in barley (HvAMTs), which is a very important cereal crop. A total of seven AMT genes were identified in barley and further divided into two subfamilies (AMT1 and AMT2) based on phylogenetic analysis. All HvAMT genes were distributed on five chromosomes with only one tandem duplication. HvAMTs might play an important role in plant growth, development, and various stress responses, as indicated by cis-regulatory elements, miRNAs, and protein interaction analysis. Further, we analysed the expression pattern of HvAMTs in various developmental plant tissues, which indicated that AMT1 subfamily members might play a major role in the uptake of NH4+ from the soil through the roots in barley. Altogether, these findings might be helpful to improve the barley crop with improved nitrogen use efficiency, which is not only of great significance to the crop but also for land and water as it will reduce N fertiliser pollution in the surrounding ecosystem.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2023, 58; 220--233
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ nawozu o spowolnionym uwalnianiu azotu na wykorzystanie tego składnika przez bulwy ziemniaka
The influence of slow-release nitrogen fertilizer on utilization this component by tubers potato
Autorzy:
Trawczyński, Cezary
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1504757.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Agrofizyki PAN
Tematy:
nitrogen fertilizers
yield
nitrogen uptake
nitrogen production efficiency
potato
nawozy azotowe
plon
pobranie azotu
efektywność produkcyjna azotu
ziemniak
Opis:
Celem badań polowych przeprowadzonych w latach 2014-2016 w Instytucie Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, Oddział w Jadwisinie, było określenie plonu, pobrania i wykorzystania azotu przez bulwy ziemniaka z nawozu Azoslow, o spowolnionym uwalnianiu azotu w porównaniu do tradycyjnych nawozów azotowych (mocznik, saletra amonowa, saletrzak). Badania przeprowadzono na glebie nawożonej organicznie słomą i międzyplonem gorczycy białej. W doświadczeniu stosowano stały poziom azotu 100 kg N·ha–1, fosforu 17,5 kg P∙ha–1 i potasu 99,6 kg K∙ha–1. Nawożenie mineralne fosforowo-potasowe użyto jesienią pod orkę przedzimową. Nawożenie mineralne azotem stosowano wiosną w dwóch wariantach: przed sadzeniem bulw – 100% i w dawce podzielonej, 50% przed sadzeniem bulw + 50% bezpośrednio przed wschodami roślin ziemniaka. Kontrolę stanowił obiekt bez wykorzystania azotu mineralnego. Na obiekcie z zastosowaniem nawozu Azoslow, o spowolnionym uwalnianiu azotu, stwierdzono istotnie większy plon bulw w porównaniu do obiektu kontrolnego oraz obiektów z użyciem saletry amonowej i saletrzaku. Po użyciu nawozów w pełnej dawce przed sadzeniem uzyskano istotnie większą efektywność produkcyjną azotu w stosunku do dawki podzielonej na dwie części. Stwierdzono istotnie większe wykorzystanie azotu przez bulwy ziemniaka po zastosowaniu nawozu Azoslow w porównaniu do mocznika, saletry amonowej i saletrzaku.
The aim of the field experiment conducted in the years 2014-2016 at the Plant Breeding and Acclimatisation Institute, Department at Jadwisin, was to determine the potato tuber yield and the uptake and utilisation of nitrogen from the fertilizer Azoslow with slow release of nitrogen, in comparison to conventional nitrogen fertilisers (Urea, Ammonium nitrate, Nitro-chalk). The study was conducted on soil fertilized organically with straw and an intercrop of white mustard. In this experiment a constant level of nitrogen 100 kg N ha–1, phosphorus 17.5 kg P ha–1 and potassium 99.6 kg K ha–1 was used. Mineral fertilisation with phosphorus and potassium was applied in the autumn under ploughing. Mineral fertilisation with nitrogen was applied in the spring in two variants: before planting of tubers – 100%, and a divided dose – 50% before planting of tubers + 50% just before the emergence of potato plants. The control was the treatment without the use of mineral nitrogen. In the treatment with the application of the fertiliser Azoslow, with slow release of nitrogen, a significantly higher yield of tubers was noted compared to the control treatment and in the treatments with Ammonium nitrate and Nitro-chalk. After applying the fertilisers in the full dose before the planting of tubers a significantly higher production efficiency of nitrogen was observed in relation to the dose divided into two parts. Significantly greater nitrogen utilisation by potato tubers was found after the application of the fertilizer Azoslow, compared to Urea, Ammonium nitrate and Nitro-chalk.
Źródło:
Acta Agrophysica; 2017, 24, 2; 365-375
1234-4125
Pojawia się w:
Acta Agrophysica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nitrogen relationships in Polish cropping systems
Autorzy:
Faber, Antoni
Jarosz, Zuzanna
Jędrejek, Anna
Kopiński, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2203525.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
crops
nitrogen
trends
use efficiency
surplus
Opis:
Based on FAO data, the paper presents trends in nitrogen (N) input and output in Poland. As N input (Ninp), nitrogen from mineral fertilisers, manure application, biological fixation, and deposition was included. The N outputs (Nout) include the N contained in crop harvest (main products and by-products). The trend analyses were carried out for the period before (1961-1989) and after (1990-2018) the changes in the political and economic systems. Additionally, trends in the nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) and nitrogen surpluses (NS) are presented for these periods. In both compared periods, the mean values of N budget indicators in Poland were (kg N∙ha-1 UAA): Ninp 120 and 125, Nout 61 and 84, NS 60 and 41 and NUE 53 and 67%, respectively. The estimated Ymax, which represents the Nout value reached at saturating N fertilisation, reached the values of 127 and 263 kg N∙ha-1 UAA in these periods. The difference in these values suggests a significant impact of agronomy improvement on Nout in the recent period. The trends of nitrogen within 16 regions in period 2002-2019, based on national data, resulted in a significant variation in N indicators. The values found were in the following ranges (kg N∙ha-1 UAA): Ninp 78-167; Nout 62-99; NS 15-83 and Ymax 139-317. The NUE ranged from 50-81%. The obtained results indicate that in Poland and its regions there is still a need to improve of the nitrogen efficiency.
Źródło:
Journal of Water and Land Development; 2023, 56; 27--36
1429-7426
2083-4535
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Water and Land Development
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dry matter accumulation nitrogen and phosphorus uptake in winter triticale genotypes differing in mineral elements utilization efficiency
Autorzy:
Ciepły, Jan
Oracka, Teresa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198790.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
triticale
genotypic variation
nitrogen
phosphorus
utilization efficiency
Opis:
In our previous studies we found the considerable genotypic variation in N, P, K utilization efficiency at shooting phase of winter triticale plants. The objective of this study was to confirm whether, genetic differences in mineral element utilization at the shooting phase, were related to productivity as well as was nitrogen and phosphorus accumulation by winter triticale plants during entire growth period. The experiment was conducted at reduced level of mineral elements in water culture (50% of standard Hoagland solution) under controlled environments (growth chambers) to full maturity. The efficient winter triticale genotypes showed significantly higher dry matter, nitrogen and phosphorus content and N, P utilization efficiency during the whole growth period. Furthermore these genotypes had higher grain yield and harvest index in comparison to inefficient genotypes. The efficient winter triticale genotypes accumulated most of biomass in post-anthesis period and N, P uptake remained high until the late maturation.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2000, 44; 3-13
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Assessment of mineral nitrogen fertilization of early potato varieties in integrated production
Autorzy:
Trawczynski, C.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1192720.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
efficiency indicators
nitrogen dose
potato
tuber quality
yield
Opis:
Based on a 3-year field study, the effect of mineral nitrogen fertilization on the yield, selected tuber quality characteristics and fertilization efficiency indicators for early potato varieties grown in the integrated production system were determined. The quality of tubers was assessed according to the percentage share of tuber size and their external defects in the yield structure, starch content, dry matter, nitrates (V), protein and total nitrogen in tubers. The efficiency of fertilization with mineral nitrogen was expressed by the agronomic efficiency (AE), physiological efficiency (PE) and fertilizer recovery efficiency (FRE) by tubers. Two experimental factors were considered: nitrogen dose (0, 50, 100, 150 kg ha-1) and varieties (Bohun, Lady Rosetta, Lawenda, Madeleine, Magnolia). The increase in the dose of mineral nitrogen contributed to a significant increase in the yield structure of tubers with a diameter above 60 mm, the content of nitrates (V), protein, total nitrogen, the uptake of nitrogen and a decrease in nitrogen fertilization efficiency indicators. It was shown that the Lady Rosetta and Lawenda varieties were characterized by higher requirements concerning the optimal nitrogen dose than the other varieties. Nitrogen fertilization efficiency, the content of nitrates (V) and tuber greening were determined mainly by the weather conditions, while the yield, nitrogen content and uptake by tubers were determined by the fertilizing factor, and the remaining tuber quality features were shaped to the greatest extent by the genotype. In a wet year, a significantly higher tuber yield, more large tubers in the structure and higher nitrogen fertilization efficiency were obtained. In years with rainfall deficit, a higher content of total nitrogen, protein, nitrates (V) in tubers and higher nitrogen uptake were found than in a wet year.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2021, 26, 1; 109-123
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Economic efficiency of the production of spring wheat fertilized with sulfur against the background of various nitrogen doses
Autorzy:
Klikocka-Wiśniewska, Olimpia
Harasim, Elżbieta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2148467.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-06
Wydawca:
Instytut Uprawy Nawożenia i Gleboznawstwa – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
spring wheat
nitrogen and sulfur fertilization
economic efficiency
Opis:
The research was carried out on a farm located in Mal- ice (Werbkowice municipality), in the years 2014–2016. The aim of the study was to evaluate the profitability and marginal eco- nomic efficiency of sulfur fertilization of spring wheat at vari- ous levels of nitrogen fertilization. Production value, direct costs and production profitability were assessed, as well as the mar- ginal economic efficiency. On average, the highest grain yield was achieved on the object fertilized with nitrogen at a dose of 150 kg. ha-1 and sulfur in the amount of 40 kg S ha-1. The highest value of direct surplus and, at the same time, the highest profit- ability of production was obtained after nitrogen application in the dose of 100 kg N ha-1. Increasing the nitrogen dose from 50 to 100 kg ha-1 resulted in a significant increase in the grain yield and the achievement of the most favourable marginal economic efficiency index. Among the objects fertilized with nitrogen, the most advantageous in terms of production profitability and mar- ginal economic efficiency was the use of this element in the dose of 100 kg N ha-1. The use of sulfur in the fertilization of spring wheat in the dose of 40 kg S ha-1 slightly improved the fertiliza- tion efficiency in the objects with 50 and 150 kg ha-1. Among the objects fertilized with nitrogen, the most advantageous in terms of production profitability and marginal economic efficiency was the use of this element in the dose of 100 kg N ha-1.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Agronomy; 2022, 49; 3-8
2081-2787
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Agronomy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Genetic variability in N, P, K utilization efficiency in spring wheat at different concentration of nutrient solutions.
Autorzy:
Oracka, Teresa
Ciepły, Jan
Kozdój, Janusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2198778.pdf
Data publikacji:
2000-12-20
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
spring wheat
genetic variability
nitrogen
phosphorus
potassium utilization efficiency
Opis:
From the ecological and economic points of view it is necessary to change agricultural practice towards low- input cultivation systems. This requires breeding of new cultivars with improved utilization efficiency of mineral nutrients. The response of fifty spring wheat cultivars representing different origin and years of release (from 1990 to 1996) to different concentrations of the Hoagland nutrient solution was investigated under controlled conditions (climatic chamber). A wide variability in N, P, K contents, their utilization efficiency and production of dry matter was found among wheat cultivars at the shooting phase of plant development at all nutrient concentrations applied. The variability coefficient decreased with the increasing concentration of Hoagland solution. Old Polish cultivars (released 1900 – 1960) and most of the intermediate cultivars (released 1961 – 1980) showed high of N, P, K utilization efficiency. The modern cultivars (released after 1981) showed either high or low N, P, K utilization efficiency. This efficiency was determined by dry matter (r= 0.94 - 0.98) and N, P, K contents (r= 0.62 - 0.94). The majority of spring wheat cultivars showed almost linear response of the evaluated parameters to increased nutrient concentration in Hoagland solution. It was been proved that genetic variability of N, P, K utilization efficiency can be assessed as early as at shooting phase.
Źródło:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science; 2000, 44; 15-25
1429-3862
2083-599X
Pojawia się w:
Plant Breeding and Seed Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wyniki badań działania układu ATXmega64A3 w niskich temperaturach
Research results of ATXmega64A3 operation in low temperature
Autorzy:
Michalak, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/152129.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
mikrokontroler
ciekły azot
wydajność obliczeniowa
microcontroller
liquid nitrogen
energy efficiency
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące pracy 8/16-bitowego mikrokontrolera ATXmega64A3 w warunkach kriogenicznych (w temperaturze 77K). W przeprowadzonych eksperymentach obserwowano zachowanie wewnętrznych oscylatorów 2 MHz (oscylator RC) i 32 MHz (oscylator pierścieniowy). Potwierdzono zdolność do prawidłowego działania w tak niskiej temperaturze, a także możliwość zwielokrotnienia sygnału zegarowego z wykorzystaniem pętli PLL, porównano wydajność obliczeniową układu dla różnych warunków pracy.
In this paper the results of experiments with an 8/16-bit ATXmega64A3 microcontroller (ATMEL) at low temperature are presented. The examined devices were immersed in a Dewar flask with liquid nitrogen (Fig. 1). First of all we focused on internal oscillators. There are four types of oscillators inside a microcontroller and we tested two of them: 2 MHz RC and 32 MHz ring oscillator. The results at 77K (liquid nitrogen) were compared to the results at 300K (room temperature). The frequency as a function of the supply voltage for 300K and 77K is shown in Fig. 2 and Fig. 3, respectively. According to the theory of silicon semiconductors, the activity of carriers increases in low temperatures, so there was expected increase in the oscillation frequency. For the ring oscillator (32 MHz) our expectations of the growth of the frequency were confirmed. Due to PLL there was a possibility to increase the frequency, and we reached 64 MHz. Figs. 4 and 5 show the frequency as a function of the supply voltage at 77K in detail. The power consumption was also measured (Fig. 6). With increase in the frequency the increase in the power consumption was obtained (Fig. 7). The value of the power depends on the supply voltage strongly, while on the temperature less, so the results at 300K and 77K do not differ too much (Fig. 8). We also calculated the energy efficiency for the microcontroller under various conditions. The frequency to power coefficient was defined, and the results are shown in Figs.9 and 10. The energy consumption for the example task was estimated (Tab.1) and verified by experiments.
Źródło:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola; 2012, R. 58, nr 11, 11; 944-946
0032-4140
Pojawia się w:
Pomiary Automatyka Kontrola
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of sprinkler irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on the quality of malt and wort from barley grains
Autorzy:
Błażewicz, J.
Żarski, J.
Dudek, S.
Kuśmierek-Tomaszewska, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101297.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Stowarzyszenie Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich PAN
Tematy:
malting barley
sprinkler irrigation
nitrogen fertilization
malt
wort
simplified mashing efficiency
Opis:
The aim of the research was the evaluation of sprinkler irrigation and nitrogen fertilization on some selected features of the quality of malt and wort from ‘Marthe’ and ‘Mauritia’ malting barley grains. The field experiment was carried out in the years 2010-2012 at the Research Station of the University of Science and Technology in Mochełek near Bydgoszcz. As a result of 3-year field experiment and laboratory test of grain, malt and wort, it was found that introducing sprinkler irrigation into the production process of malting barley is a step justified by the obtained quality effects. It was found that in the case of irrigated malting barley cultivations nitrogen fertilization at the rate of 30 kg·ha-1 provides (in relation to control, non-irrigated treatment) the highest values of such parameters as weight of the technical barley crops, content of protein, extractivity of Pilsen type malt, amount of obtained wort and simplified mashing efficiency. The combination of sprinkler irrigation of malting barley plants with their nitrogen fertilization at the increased rates of 60 and 90 kg·ha-1, resulted in the following effect – high mass of the usable grain of crops remained but their quality deteriorated. Malt produced from malting barley fertilized with nitrogen at the rates of 60 and 90 kg·ha-1, in spite of applied sprinkler irrigation, was characterized by unacceptable – from the technological point of view - increased content of protein in malt in the amount of over 11.5% d.m., as well as huge decrease in malt extractivity (even by 2%) and lower, simplified mashing efficiency (below 70%).
Źródło:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich; 2017, IV/1; 1469-1481
1732-5587
Pojawia się w:
Infrastruktura i Ekologia Terenów Wiejskich
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zmiany w usuwaniu biogenów ze ścieków bytowo-gospodarczych po wieloletniej eksploatacji oczyszczalni roślinno-glebowej
Changes in nutrient removal from domestic sewage after 7 years exploitation of a plant-soil treatment plant
Autorzy:
Kuczewski, K.
Kwiecińska, K.
Kozdraś, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/338947.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Instytut Technologiczno-Przyrodniczy
Tematy:
azot amonowy
azot ogólny
BZT5
efekt oczyszczania
eksploatacja
fosfor
ammonium nitrogen
BOD5
exploitation
total nitrogen
total phosphorus
treatment efficiency
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono zmiany skuteczności oczyszczania ścieków bytowo-gospodarczych po siedmiu latach eksploatacji oczyszczalni roślinno-glebowej, przeznaczonej do oczyszczania ścieków pochodzących ze wsi Brzeźno. Budowa i zasada pracy tej oczyszczalni różni się istotnie od oczyszczalni roślinno-gruntowych. W artykule przedstawiono efekty oczyszczania, które uzyskano po oddaniu jej do eksploatacji, w rozbiciu na okres zimowy i letni, oraz po siedmiu latach pracy. Analizie poddano następujące wskaźniki zanieczyszczeń: BZT5, stężenie azotu amonowego, azotu ogólnego oraz fosforu. Z badań wynika, że średnia skuteczność oczyszczania ścieków po siedmiu latach eksploatacji oczyszczalni, uwzględniająca okres zimowy i letni, wynosi: BZT5 - ponad 99%, fosforu - 97,3%, azotu ogólnego - 95,9%, a azotu amonowego - 99,5%. Średnia zawartość fosforu w ściekach oczyszczonych w latach 2002-2003 wyniosła 0,3 mg P·dm-³, azotu ogólnego - 4,8 mg N·dm-³, a azotu amonowego - 0,3 mgNNH4·dm-³.
The article shows changes in the efficiency of domestic sewage treatment after 7 years exploitation of a plant-soil treatment plant. The plant purifies domestic sewage from the village Brzeźno. The construction and operation principles of the plant-soil treatment plant differ markedly from constructed wetlands. The paper shows results of operation in the winter and summer periods after 7 years exploitation. Analysed parameters included: BOD5, ammonium nitrogen, total nitrogen and total phosphorus. The studies show that the mean sewage treatment efficiency amounts 99% for BOD5, 97.3% for total phosphorus, 95.9% for total nitrogen and 99.5% for ammonium nitrogen. Mean concentrations of total phosphorus, total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in treated sewage in the years 2002-2003 were 0.3 mg·dm-³, 4.8 mg·dm-³ and 0.3 mg·dm-³, respectively.
Źródło:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie; 2004, T. 4, z. 2a; 547-557
1642-8145
Pojawia się w:
Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Reakcja kilku nowych odmian ziemniaka na nawożenie azotem
The reaction of some new potato cultivars to nitrogen fertilization
Autorzy:
Trawczyński, Cezary
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41444457.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Instytut Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Tematy:
dawki azotu
efektywność nawożenia
odmiany ziemniaka
plon
fertilization efficiency
nitrogen doses
potato cultivars
yield
Opis:
Celem doświadczeń przeprowadzonych w Instytucie Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin, Oddział Jadwisin było poznanie reakcji na nawożenie azotem nowych odmian ziemniaka Bartek, Clarissa, Pirol, Syrena, Monsun, Ślęza, Cekin, Tajfun, Ursus, Gandawa oraz określenie wpływu zróżnicowanego poziomu nawożenia azotem na udział bulw dużych w plonie, a także zawartość skrobi i azotanów w bulwach. Badania przeprowadzono na glebie nawożonej organicznie słomą i poplonem gorczycy białej. W badaniach stosowano 5 poziomów nawożenia azotem: 0, 50, 100, 150 i 200 kg N·ha-1 oraz stały poziom fosforu — 52,3 kg P·ha-1 i potasu 149,4 kg K·ha-1. Dla odmian wyznaczono dawki azotu maksymalne i zalecane oraz określono ich efektywność. Uzyskane wyniki pozwoliły na wyodrębnienie 3 grup odmian: o małych, średnich i dużych wymaganiach w stosunku do azotu. Stwierdzono także, że dla odmian Ursus, Gandawa i Ślęza zalecana dawka azotu wynosiła 100 kg N·ha-1, dla odmian Bartek, Clarissa, Tajfun, Syrena i Monsun — 120 kg N·ha-1, a dla odmian Cekin i Pirol 140 kg N·ha-1. Efektywność agronomiczna maksymalnej dawki azotu wahała się od 34 do 118 kg bulw na 1 kg N i była mniejsza od 3 do 11 kg bulw w porównaniu do dawki zalecanej. Zawartość azotanów w bulwach oraz udział bulw dużych w plonie wzrastały, natomiast zawartość skrobi obniżała się w miarę podwyższania dawki azotu. Największy udział bulw dużych w plonie stwierdzono u odmiany Syrena (22%) a największą zawartością azotanów charakteryzowały się bulwy odmian: Syrena i Cekin.
The aim of the experiments conducted in the Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute was recognition in reaction to nitrogen fertilization of the new potato cultivars Bartek, Clarissa, Pirol, Syrena, Monsun, Ślęza, Cekin, Tajfun, Ursus, Gandawa and determination of the influence of different nitrogen doses on share of big tubers in yield and on content of starch and nitrates in tubers. The experiment was carried out on light soil, conditioned which ploughing straw and aftercrop of white mustard. Five levels of nitrogen fertilization were applied: 0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N·ha-1, at the constant levels of phosphorus 52.3 kg P·ha-1 and potassium 149.4 kg K·ha-1. Maximum nitrogen doses and recommended doses as well as their efficiency were determined for cultivars. The obtained results enabled classification of the cultivars into three groups, representing low, medium or high requirement for nitrogen. For the cultivars Ursus, Gandawa, Ślęza the recommended dose was 100 kg N·ha-1, for the cultivars Bartek, Clarissa, Tajfun, Syrena, Monsun — 120 kg N·ha-1 and for the cultivars Cekin, Pirol — 140 kg N·ha-1. The agronomical efficiency of maximum doses ranged from 34 to 118 kg of tubers per 1 kg of N and was lower about 3–11 kg of tubers as compared to the recommended doses. Along with increasing the nitrogen dose, content of nitrates in tubers and share of big tubers in yield increased but starch content decreased. The highest share of big tubers was stated for the Syrena cultivar (22%) and the highest content of nitrates was recorded in tubers of the Syrena and Cekin cultivars.
Źródło:
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin; 2007, 246; 73-81
0373-7837
2657-8913
Pojawia się w:
Biuletyn Instytutu Hodowli i Aklimatyzacji Roślin
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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