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Tytuł:
Ecological and economic benefits and safety of the use of coal gas in industry
Autorzy:
Pustějovská, Pavlína
Byrtus, Vojtěch
Jursová, Simona
Kardas, Edyta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/88633.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Menedżerów Jakości i Produkcji
Tematy:
degassing gas
carbon gas
consumption of coke
blast furnace
economic benefits
gaz odgazowujący
gaz węglowy
konsumpcja koksu
wielki piec
korzyści ekonomiczne
Opis:
Possibilities Of Use Of Degassing And Carbon Gas In Industry. Degassing Gas Represents A Waste During Coal Mining So Far And This Issue Is Not Effectively Solved In Ostrava Region Up Till Now Ecological Aspects, Safety, Economic Aspects. Coal Deposits Represent A Special Case In Which The Deposit Is Both A Source Of Coal And Reservoir Of Gas. For The Thing Is That, In The Process Of Coalification Of Plant Residue, Coal Bed Gas Came Into Being Of Which The Main Component Is Methane. Gas From Mining Degassing Can Be Used As A Substitute Fuel For The Blowing Of Blast Furnaces. This Would Not Only Make It Possible To Reduce The Specific Consumption Of Coke, But Also Contribute To A Better Blast Furnace. An Economic Effect Is Also Negligible If We Characterize Degassing Gas As Waste Gas.
Źródło:
System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment; 2019, 1, 1; 378-383
2657-5450
Pojawia się w:
System Safety : Human - Technical Facility - Environment
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Perspektywy uwolnienia rynku gazu ziemnego w Polsce - kierunki działań w latach 2012-2014
Autorzy:
Latoszek, Ewa
Speczik, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/629899.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Szkoła Główna Handlowa w Warszawie
Tematy:
low-carbon economy, natural gas market liberalisation, economic competitiveness
Opis:
The aim of this paper is to analyse recent actions undertaken in Poland with the purpose of liberalising the natural gas market. It seems that the drive towards a liberalised natural gas market has been dynamic in Poland in recent years, especially due to the strong EU pressure after the introduction of the third energy package.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace; 2014, 3; 71-87
2082-0976
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego Studia i Prace
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Carbon dioxide geosequestration method coupled with shale gas recovery
Autorzy:
Niezgoda, T.
Małek, E.
Miedzińska, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298651.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
shale gas
carbon dioxide
geosequestration
Opis:
Shale gas in the United States over the past decade, and interest has spread to potential gas shales in Canada, Europe, Asia, and Australia. One analyst expects shale gas to supply as much as half the natural gas production in North America by 2020. Carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) is a set of technologies for the capture of CO2 from its anthropogenic point sources, its transport to a storage location, and its geosequestration. This is only one, though very important, option in a portfolio of actions to fight the increase of atmospheric CO2 concentration and to mitigate climate change, while at the same time allowing for the continued use of fossil fuels. Deployment of CCS technologies is expected to be limited in the next 5-10 years, but to contribute significantly to the reduction of CO2 emissions 20 years from now. Capture of CO2 using existing separation techniques can be applied to large point sources, i.e. power plants or industrial plants; CO2 can be easily transported over large distances using pipelines and ships; finally CO2 can be permanently stored in suitable deep geological formations, namely deep saline aquifers, oil or gas reservoirs, and unmineable coal seams, or it can be fixed in carbonates. The paper deals with the innovative method of carbon dioxide storage coupled with gas shale fracturing and methane recovery developed in the Military University of Technology. It allows to effectively mine the shale gas and to store carbon dioxide in shale rock. It must be noticed that CO2 pollution is a very important problem in Poland, because of European Union CO2 limits. Also carbon dioxide thermodynamic process of decompression numerical calculation, which simulates the injection of the cold liquid gas into the shale formation (high temperature and pressure conditions) and its influence on shale rock fracturing as well as initial experimental verification of the method was presented in the paper.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2013, 30, 1; 161-167
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Overview of issues related to mixing CO2 and proppant in the method of gas extraction from shale rocks
Autorzy:
Niezgoda, T.
Miedzińska, D.
Stanisławek, S.
Kwietniewski, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/298655.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
carbon dioxide
proppant
gas
shale
Opis:
To increase the efficiency of fracturing process, proppant materials are added to fracking fluid. This admixture allows to keep developed fracks, that tend to lock, opened. The aim of this overview is to present methods of carbon dioxide and proppant mixing. The most often applied methods are as follows: special medium admixing, direct proppant with CO2 mixing. Liquid CO2 and proppant blenders are currently commercially used, but are not very popular.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2016, 33, 2; 307-313
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Monthly dynamics of carbon dioxide exchange across the sea surface of the Arctic Ocean in response to changes in gas transfer velocity and partial pressure of CO2 in 2010
Autorzy:
Wrobel, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/48876.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Oceanologii PAN
Tematy:
carbon dioxide
sea surface
Arctic Ocean
gas flux
global carbon budget
gas velocity
wind speed
Opis:
The Arctic Ocean (AO) is an important basin for global oceanic carbon dioxide (CO2) uptake, but the mechanisms controlling air—sea gas fluxes are not fully understood, especially over short and long timescales. The oceanic sink of CO2 is an important part of the global carbon budget. Previous studies have shown that in the AO differences in the partial pressure of CO2 (DpCO2) and gas transfer velocity (k) both contribute significantly to interannual air—sea CO2 flux variability, but that k is unimportant for multidecadal variability. This study combined Earth Observation (EO) data collected in 2010 with the in situ pCO2 dataset from Takahashi et al. (2009) (T09) using a recently developed software toolbox called FluxEngine to determine the importance of k and DpCO2 on CO2 budgets in two regions of the AO — the Greenland Sea (GS) and the Barents Sea (BS) with their continental margins. Results from the study indicate that the variability in wind speed and, hence, the gas transfer velocity, generally play a major role in determining the temporal variability of CO2 uptake, while variability in monthly DpCO2 plays a major role spatially, with some exceptions.
Źródło:
Oceanologia; 2017, 59, 4
0078-3234
Pojawia się w:
Oceanologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methods of CO2 acquisition and costs reduction in shale rocks fracturing technology
Autorzy:
Miedzińska, D.
Niezgoda, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/299042.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
fracturing
shale gas
carbon dioxide
economics
Opis:
The innovative method of shale gas recovery with the use of subcritical CO2 is currently developed within the project titled “Development of guidelines for design of innovative technology of shale gas recovery with the use of liquid CO2 on the base of numerical and experimental research – DIOX4SHELL ”, supported by the National Centre for Research and Development (NCBR). The project is carried out by Polish company PGNiG and by academics from WAT, AGH and PW (Military University of Technology, AGH University of Science and Technology, and Warsaw University of Technology). Finding the best business model, in which costs of CO2 production or acquisition are negligible is one of the most important factors influencing the economical effectiveness of the technology. The main part of known CO2 acquisition methods is based on fuel purchase and its combustion, what is very expensive process. It results with the high CO2 price, when purchasing from producer, about 300 zl/ton. This price is quite high, considering current low prices of natural gas. In the paper basic aspects of CO2 acquisition from CO2 producers, exhaust gases treatment plants or plasma gasification methods will be presented.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2016, 33, 1; 11-22
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
New method of carbon dioxide underground storage coupled with shale gas recovery
Autorzy:
Niezgoda, T.
Miedzińska, D.
Kędzierski, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/246774.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
shale gas
carbon dioxide
storage system
Opis:
Shale gas is natural gas produced from shale, a type of sedimentary rock. Shale gas has become an increasingly important source of natural gas in the United States over the past decade, and interest has spread to potential gas shales in Canada, Europe, Asia, and Australia. One analyst expects shale gas to supply as much as half the natural gas production in North America by 2020. As of 2010, Poland imports two-thirds of its natural gas from Russia. ConocoPhillips has announced plans to explore for shale gas in Poland, along with Lane energy. The recently made available US Department of Energy report revealed that the largest reserves of shale gas in Europe are in Poland. The authors of the report calculate that Poland has reserves of about 22.45 trillion cubic meters of shale gas, of which 5.30 trillion cubic meters is immediately available for extracting. The most common method of shale gas recovery is hydraulic fracturing - the propagation of fractures in a rock layer caused by the presence of a pressurized fluid. Hydraulic fractures form naturally, as in the case of veins or dikes, and is one means by which gas and petroleum from source rocks may migrate to reservoir rocks. This process is used to release petroleum, natural gas (including shale gas, tight gas and coal seam gas), or other substances for extraction, via a technique called induced hydraulic fracturing. The method is critically assessed by ecologists. The paper deals with new method of gas shale fracturing and gas recovery coupled with carbon dioxide storage. It allows to effectively mine the shale gas and to store carbon dioxide in shale rock. It must be noticed that CO2 pollution is a very important problem in Poland, because of European Union CO2 limits. Also the numerical calculation of carbon dioxide thermodynamical process of decompression process, which simulates the injection of the cold liquid gas into the shale formation (high temperature and pressure conditions) and its influence on shale rock fracturing will be presented.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2012, 19, 3; 327-333
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nitrogen and carbon dioxide fracturing fluids for the stimulation of unconventional shale plays
Autorzy:
Palmer, C.
Sito, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/299070.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
nitrogen
carbon dioxide
fracturing fluids
shale gas
Opis:
With the International Energy Agency (IEA) projecting that the global demand for natural gas to increase by 50% from 2010 to 2035, the exploration of unconventional gas reserves (e.g. shale gas, tight gas and coal bed methane) will gain increasing importance as conventional gas reserves become more depleted. To enhance the production of unconventional gas and oil, water-based fracturing fluids are extensively used for the stimulation of North American shale plays because they are inexpensive and offer excellent proppant transport into the fracture when used with gelled polymers. However, in circumstances where water-based fracturing fluids are unsuitable due to concerns related to water sensitivity and clay swelling, alternative fracturing fluids are used such as nitrogen and carbon dioxide treatments. Nitrogen and carbon dioxide fracturing fluids are particularly advantageous in depleted and shallow formations because they offer a non-damaging effect around the fracture, rapid cleanup of flowback fluid, and reduced water requirements compared to conventional water-based fracturing fluids. Much research has been published about water-based fracture treatments, therefore, this review paper considers the use of nitrogen and carbon dioxide fracturing fluids used for the stimulation of unconventional shale plays, mainly in North America. By analysing selected literatures studies, this review paper summarises the utilization of the various types of nitrogen and carbon dioxide treatments (i.e. straight gas, foam, energized, cryogenic liquids) across various shale plays such as the Montney play, the Devonian play, and the Marcellus play. The paper further identifies the major benefits and challenges of nitrogen and carbon dioxide treatments documented by well operators, which will facilitate knowledge transfer about the applicability of nitrogen and carbon dioxide fracturing fluids.
Źródło:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas; 2013, 30, 1; 191-198
2299-4157
2300-7052
Pojawia się w:
AGH Drilling, Oil, Gas
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Emission Measurements of Geogenic Greenhouse Gases in the Area of “Pusty Las” Abandoned Oilfield (Polish Outer Carpathians)
Autorzy:
Guzy, P.
Pietrzycki, D.
Świerczewska, A.
Sechman, H.
Twaróg, A.
Góra, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/124987.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
greenhouse gas
methane
carbon dioxide
Outer Carpathians
Opis:
The Carpathians may play a significant role as a supplier of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Unfortunately, most of the discovered oil and gas deposits are recently only historical objects. An example is the Sękowa-Ropica Górna-Siary oil deposit located in the marginal part of the Magura Nappe where oil had been extracted in dug wells until the mid XX century. One of such extraction sites is the “Pusty Las” oilfield. In that area, 10 methane and carbon dioxide emission measurement sites were located, among which 4 in dried dug wells and 6 in dig wells still filled with oil and/or water. Dynamics of methane and carbon dioxide concentration changes were measured with the modified static chambers method. Gas samples were collected immediately after the installation of the chamber and again, after 5 and 10 minutes. In the case of reclaimed or dry dug wells, static chamber was installed directly at the ground surface. In wells still filled with oil and/or water the chamber was equipped with an “apron” mounted on special sticks. The dynamics of concentrations changes varied from -0.871 to 119.924 ppm∙min-1 for methane and from -0.005 to 0.053% obj∙min-1 for carbon dioxide. Average methane emission was 1.9 g∙m-2∙d-1 and that of carbon dioxide was 26.95 g∙-2∙d-1. The measurements revealed that an abandoned oil field supplies significant amounts of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere although the emission of methane is lower than that measured e.g. in mud volcanoes located in various parts of the world.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2017, 18, 4; 100-109
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Dobór parametrów dla otworowej eksploatacji CO2 w aspekcie zabezpieczenia przed tworzeniem się hydratów
Selection of parameters for the hole exploitation of carbon dioxide in the aspect of hydrates prevention
Autorzy:
Duliński, W.
Ropa, C. E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/299985.pdf
Data publikacji:
2007
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
eksploatacja
gaz
dwutlenek węgla
exploitation
gas
carbon dioxide
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono problemy eksploatacji odwiertu gazowego z CO2. Przeprowadzono obliczenia spadku ciśnienia w strefie przyodwiertowej dla różnych wydajności i różnych przepuszczalności skały złożowej. Na podstawie danych obliczeniowych spadku ciśnienia w przewodzie wydobywczym przeprowadzono analizę przebiegu eksploatacji. Z uwagi na duży spadek temperatury, przypadający na jednostkę spadku ciśnienia, w celu zabezpieczenia przed zamarzaniem, tworzeniem się korków lodowych czy powstawaniem hydratów, w urządzeniach napowierzchniowych przewidziano podgrzewacz płaszczowy gazu przed zwężką ograniczającą.
The problem of exploitation of a gaseous well with carbon dioxide is presented in the paper. The pressure drop was calculated in the near-well zone for various values of yield and permeability of reservoir rock. The exploitation was analyzed on the basis of calculated pressure drop in the drill string. Owing to the considerable decrease of temperature per unit of pressure drop, a mantle heater of gas with a limiting contraction was planned in the surface utilities as a protection against ice blocks or hydrates formation.
Źródło:
Wiertnictwo, Nafta, Gaz; 2007, 24, 1; 167-176
1507-0042
Pojawia się w:
Wiertnictwo, Nafta, Gaz
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Use of Metal Oxide-Modified Aerated Concrete for Cleaning Flue Gases from Carbon Monoxide
Autorzy:
Ivanenko, Olena
Gomelya, Nikolai
Shabliy, Tetyana
Trypolskyi, Andrii
Nosachova, Yuliia
Leleka, Serhii
Trus, Inna
Strizhak, Peter
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1838428.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Inżynierii Ekologicznej
Tematy:
carbon monoxide
flue gas
purification
catalyst
oxidation
conversion
Opis:
The necessity of development of technical solutions that will allow to reduce carbon monoxide emissions of flue gases of industrial productions is substantiated. It is shown that the most rational design solution to the problem of carbon monoxide pollution during the firing of electrode blanks is the use of aerated concrete blocks with a catalyst, which can be quickly and conveniently located directly on the carbon material of the “green” electrodes pouring in the subfloor space of the firing furnaces. Modified by oxides of Mn4+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Cu2+, Cr3+ -catalysts based on aerated concrete were obtained. It is shown that in an empty reactor in the temperature range 200–400 °С the degree of conversion of carbon monoxide in the absence of a catalyst is zero. It is established that on the investigated catalysts based on aerated concrete 100% oxidation of carbon monoxide is achieved at a temperature of 390 °C in the case of using a mixture of catalyst powders 30% CuO + 70% MnO2, 40% CuO + 60% MnO2, 50% Fe (FexCr1-x) 2O4 + 50% MnO2; 50% Fe3O4 + 50 % MnO2. It is determined that the addition of ferrite catalyst powder in aerated concrete in a mixture or without manganese dioxide does not critically affect the mechanical properties of the products.
Źródło:
Journal of Ecological Engineering; 2021, 22, 5; 104-113
2299-8993
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Ecological Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study on carbon dioxide thermodynamic behavior for the purpose of shale rock fracturing
Autorzy:
Niezgoda, T.
Miedzińska, D.
Małek, E.
Kędzierski, P.
Sławiński, G.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/201878.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
carbon dioxide
shale gas
storage system
thermodynamics
FEM
Opis:
The possibility of using CO2 to fracturing a shale rock has been presented in the paper. The described innovative method which allows for the efficient extraction of shale gas and carbon dioxide storage in a shale rock was developed in Department of Mechanics and Applied Computer Science at the Military University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland. Firstly, the method was verified on the base of analytical and experimental research. In the next stage of the method verification carbon dioxide thermodynamic behavior was studied. The growth in pressure of drop of CO2 heated in a closed volume was numerically tested. The research confirmed the efficiency of the use of carbon dioxide as a medium for fracturing of rocks. The usage of liquid CO2 can be alternative for hydraulic fracturing and is safe for the environment.
Źródło:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences; 2013, 61, 3; 605-612
0239-7528
Pojawia się w:
Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Methods of reduction of fuel consumption as means for CO2 emitted by seagoing ships minimising
Autorzy:
Giernalczyk, M.
Górski, Z.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/242362.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
greenhouse gas
carbon dioxide
fuel consumption
waste head utilisation
Opis:
The subject of paper is to focus the problem of carbon dioxide emission from seagoing ships. The paper presents analysis of possibilities of fuel consumption minimizing and this way reduction of carbon dioxide emission from seagoing ships. However, The VI Amendment to MARPOL Convention concerning prevention against air pollution by seagoing ships did not take into consideration carbon dioxide emission, the importance of this problem was perceived by international organizations among others by IMO. As a result corrections in VI Amendment to MARPOL Convention were introduced thus forcing reduction of CO2 emission by seagoing ships. Among means reducing emission of carbon dioxide into atmosphere the following are mentioned: construction modifications of new built ships i.e. reduction of ship speed, optimization of main engine and propeller selection, optimization of ship hull shape, application of resistance reducing hull coatings, use of alternative (ecological) fuels and utilization of propulsion plant waste heat. In turn, for ships already in operation methods for fuel consumption and carbon dioxide reduction can be individual for each ship full monitoring of main engine operational parameters and measurement of waste heat utilization rate. According to opinion of paper authors, the minimizing of carbon dioxide reduction can be mainly achieved by utilisation of exhaust gases heat for electric power production in steam turbo alternators running in one- or two stage steam pressure systems. The analysis executed in the paper of one- and two stage steam system advantages shows that one stage steam system is more economically profitable in practice application.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2013, 20, 4; 85-91
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Capturing exhaust CO2 gas using molten carbonate fuel cells
Autorzy:
Dhawan, P.
Kapoor, A. U.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/101998.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
carbon dioxide capture
molten carbonate fuel cells
gas turbines
Opis:
Carbon dioxide is considered as one of the major contenders when the question of greenhouse effect arises. So for any industry or power plant it is of utmost importance to follow certain increasingly stringent environment protection rules and laws. So it is significant to keep eye on any possible methods to reduce carbon dioxide emissions in an efficient way. This paper reviews the available literature so as to try to provide an insight of the possibility of using Molten Carbonate Fuel Cells (MCFCs) as the carbon capturing and segregating devices and the various factors that affect the performance of MCFCs during the process of CO2 capture.
Źródło:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal; 2016, 10, 29; 147-151
2299-8624
Pojawia się w:
Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zatrucia tlenkiem węgla(II) jako jedno z zagrożeń związanych z użytkowaniem gazu ziemnego
Carbon monoxide poisoning as one of the hazards associated with the use of natural gas
Autorzy:
Rataj, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1834950.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Instytut Nafty i Gazu - Państwowy Instytut Badawczy
Tematy:
tlenek węgla(II)
zatrucia tlenkiem węgla(II)
gaz ziemny
domowe urządzenia gazowe
carbon monoxide
carbon monoxide poisoning
natural gas
domestic gas appliances
Opis:
W okresie grzewczym na terenie całego kraju dochodzi do coraz częstszych przypadków zatruć tlenkiem węgla(II). O dużej istotności problemu, jakim są zatrucia inhalacyjne wywołane kontaktem z tlenkiem węgla(II), świadczy fakt, że są one częstszą przyczyną śmierci w Europie niż HIV/AIDS czy rak skóry i tylko nieznacznie rzadszą niż nadużywanie alkoholu. Tlenek węgla(II) należy również do najczęstszych przyczyn zatruć inhalacyjnych na świecie, ze wskaźnikiem śmiertelności wynoszącym 2,24 na 100 000 osób. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia związane z występowaniem zatruć tlenkiem węgla(II) w kontekście użytkowania gazu ziemnego. Wskazano źródła emisji tlenku węgla(II) do atmosfery, a także źródła będące najczęstszą przyczyną wystąpienia zatruć tą substancją z uwzględnieniem różnego typu źródeł i stosowanych paliw. Scharakteryzowano objawy zatruć tlenkiem węgla(II) oraz wyjaśniono mechanizm powstania zatrucia. Artykuł obejmujee swoim zakresem również zasady udzielania pierwszej pomocy przedmedycznej w przypadku wystąpienia zatruć inhalacyjnych tą substancją. W artykule przedstawiono także statystyki dotyczące zatruć tlenkiem węgla(II) pochodzącym nie tylko z domowych urządzeń gazowych, ale też z innych źródeł. W analizowanych statystykach uwzględniono dane dotyczące zatruć z Polski, Europy oraz kilku państw spoza Europy. Najistotniejszym zagadnieniem poruszonym w artykule jest charakterystyka działań na rzecz poprawy bezpieczeństwa użytkowników gazu ziemnego. W artykule wskazano m.in. działania w zakresie technicznym i edukacyjnym. Wśród najistotniejszych działań na rzecz poprawy bezpieczeństwa użytkowników urządzeń gazowych wymieniane są między innymi programy skutecznej konserwacji, stosowanie czujników tlenku węgla(II) lub dymu, montaż okiennych nawiewników powietrza oraz akcje informacyjne i edukacyjne. Opisano również, jakie znaczenie dla poprawy bezpieczeństwa ma właściwa konserwacja i użytkowanie domowych urządzeń gazowych. W końcowej części artykułu wskazano jakie, zdaniem autora, działania prawne należy podjąć w celu poprawy bezpieczeństwa użytkowników, w szczególności w kierunku instalacji w budynkach mieszkalnych urządzeń z zamkniętą komorą spalania, co pozwala na wyeliminowanie napływu tlenku węgla(II) do pomieszczenia w trakcie procesu spalania gazu.
During the heating season, cases of carbon monoxide poisoning occur more frequently throughout the country. The high significance of the problem posed by inhalation poisoning caused by contact with carbon monoxide is evidenced by the fact that poisoning with this gas is a more frequent cause of death in Europe than HIV/AIDS or skin cancer and only slightly less frequent than alcohol abuse. Carbon monoxide is also the most common cause of inhalation poisoning in the world, with a mortality rate of 2.24 per 100 000 people. The article presents issues related to carbon monoxide poisoning in the context of the usage of natural gas. The sources of emission of carbon monoxide to the atmosphere, as well as sources being the most common cause of occurrence of poisoning with this substance are indicated, taking into account different types of sources and fuels. The symptoms of poisoning with carbon monoxide were characterized and the mechanism of poisoning was explained. The article also covered the principles of first aid in the event of poisoning with this substance. The article also presents statistics on poisoning with carbon monoxide originating not only from domestic gas appliances, but also from other sources in the analyzed statistics, data on poisonings from Poland, Europe and several countries from outside Europe were taken into account. The most important issue raised in the article was the characterization of measures to improve the safety of natural gas users. Among those listed in the article there are activities in the technical and educational field. The most important activities to improve the safety of gas equipment users include, among others, effective maintenance programs, the use of carbon monoxide detectors or smoke detectors, the installation of window air diffusers, and information and education campaigns. The article describes the importance of proper maintenance and use of domestic gas appliances to improve safety. The final part of the article indicates what legal actions in the author’s opinion, should be taken, to improve the safety of users, in particular towards installation of residential appliances with a closed combustion chamber, which eliminates the inflow of carbon monoxide to the room during the gas combustion process.
Źródło:
Nafta-Gaz; 2019, 75, 1; 56-62
0867-8871
Pojawia się w:
Nafta-Gaz
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 85

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