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    Tytuł:
    Phosphorus recovery from waste - methods review
    Autorzy:
    Wzorek, Z.
    Gorazda, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779805.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    odzysk fosforu
    ścieki
    pomioty
    osad ściekowy
    mączka mięsno-kostna
    phosphorus recovery
    waste
    manure
    sewage sludge
    meat-bone meal
    Opis:
    According to sustainable development principles, searching for alternative phosphorus sources, especially possible ways of its recycling from waste, should be treated as a preferential problem of the phosphorus industry. The ways admitted as most important are: - phosphorus recovery from municipal and industrial sewage and from sewage sludge, - utilization of phosphorus from manure, - management of waste from meat industry. The forecasts elaborated at the end of the last century, indicate that over 50% of the world phosphorus resources in use today will be depleted during the next 60 - 70 years. That fact contributes to increase of market prices of phosphorus products. This work presents possible directions for the recovery and management of sewage sludge, meat meal and manure as a phosphorus source for chemical industry.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2007, 9, 2; 57-60
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The influence of thermal processing of sewage sludge on the usage properties of the formed ash
    Autorzy:
    Gorazda, K.
    Wzorek, Z.
    Jodko, M.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778645.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2007
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    odzysk fosforu
    właściwości popiołów
    ługowanie popiołu
    popiół przemysłowy
    phosphorus recovery
    ash properties
    ash extraction
    industrial ash
    Opis:
    The influence of sewage sludge incineration temperature on the formed ash constitution was examined. The comparative extraction tests of two differently prepared ashes (laboratory and industrial) were carried out in order to verify if the parameters of sewage sludge incineration influence the extraction selectivity of phosphorus compounds. The laboratory ash (A(lab)) were prepared from sewage sludge incinerated at 950°C on a laboratory scale while the industrial ash (A(ind)) comes from thermal utilization system of the sewage sludge at the Gdynia Sewage Treatment Plant, which uses fluid-bed furnace incineration at 850 - 900°C. It was found that the temperature and the conditions of the sewage sludge incineration process have an effect on the usage properties of the formed ash. Despite the twofold lower Fe content in the industrial ash than that of the laboratory one, its content in extracts after phosphoric acid leaching is 4.7 times higher. The lower values of PO4^3- leaching degree from the industrial ash than the laboratory ash were observed, as well as a decrease of extraction productivity.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2007, 9, 4; 21-27
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    From sewage sludge ash to calcium phosphate fertilizers
    Autorzy:
    Gorazda, K.
    Kowalski, Z.
    Wzorek, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779127.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    phosphorus recovery
    sewage sludge
    sewage sludge combustion
    ash extraction
    fertilizers production
    waste
    Opis:
    Our work presents the results of the research on the utilization of ashes after sewage sludge combustion comprising phosphorus recovery in the form of useful products. The investigations were divided into three parts: selecting the combustion parameters of sewage sludge, examining ash leaching with mineral acids (nitric and phosphoric) to high phosphorus selectivity assuring a low content of iron and heavy metals in the extracted solutions and precipitation of CaHPO4 .2H2O. Suitable temperature of a sewage sludge combustion enables selective extraction of phosphorus compounds from ash because of hematite phase forming, insoluble in mineral acids. The extracts from phosphoric acid leaching, where the extraction of phosphorus compounds was 96.1%, have very good properties for its further use as the initial solution for CaHPO4 .2H2O with 6% lime milk. The obtained product is characterized by high purity and phosphorus availability compatible even with the feed phosphate standard.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2012, 14, 3; 54-58
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Potencial management of waste phosphogypsum with particular focus on recovery of rare earth metals
    Autorzy:
    Podbiera-Matysik, K.
    Gorazda, K.
    Wzorek, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778042.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    phosphogypsum waste
    phosphogypsum conversion
    rare earth elements (REE)
    environmental threats
    Opis:
    Phosphogypsum is a noxious industrial waste contributing to global environmental and economic problems. This publication focuses above all on phosphogypsum resulting from the processing of apatite as a phosphorus bearing compound, since it contains considerable amounts of lanthanides due to its magma origin. The possibilities of its waste-free processing are large, however they require the application of suitable technologies, frequently expensive ones, and allowing for the individual characteristics of the given waste. The research works conducted so far confirm the possibility of applying phosphogypsum for the recovery of lanthanides, and the process enhances the removal of remaining impurities, thanks to which the purified calcium sulphate (gypsum) may find application for the production of construction materials.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2015, 17, 1; 55-61
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Increasing the bulk density of STPP - influence of the process parameters
    Autorzy:
    Gorazda, K.
    Banach, M.
    Makara, A.
    Wzorek, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779274.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2011
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    tripolifosforan sodu
    STPP
    gęstość nasypowa
    sodium tripolyphosphate
    high bulk density
    Opis:
    The new requirements that were placed on STPP, like high bulk density, the proper relation of Form I and Form II and suitable physicochemical properties, resulted in the development of the present production methods. The paper presents the research results on increasing the bulk density of STPP by a chemical method. In the introduced method the solid sodium phosphate from spray drying and sodium orthophosphate solution, after acid neutralization, were rubbed together. Such an operation changes the physicochemical properties of the dried sodium phosphate before calcining, which results in increasing the bulk density of STPP to a level of 0.80 kg/dm3. The dependence of STPP bulk density on process parameters such as: sodium orthophosphate solution to solid sodium phosphate mass ratio, temperature of dosed sodium orthophosphate solution, as well as the calcining temperature of mixtures were analysed.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2011, 13, 2; 40-45
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    A chemical method of the production of "heavy" sodium tripolyphosphate with the high content of Form I or Form II
    Autorzy:
    Banach, M.
    Kowalski, Z.
    Wzorek, Z.
    Gorazda, K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/779185.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2009
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    tripolifosforan sodu
    gęstość nasypowa
    sodium tripolyphosphate
    high bulk density
    granular product
    Opis:
    Sodium tripolyphosphate STPP is used in laundry detergent as a detergent "builder". The paper presents the chemical method of obtaining "heavy", i.e. with higher bulk density granulated sodium tripolyphosphate. The bulk density of sodium tripolyphosphate was increased by preparing a mixture of the dried sodium phosphates, the recycled subgrain of STPP and water in specific proportions and calcining this mixture for 1 hour at 400°C and 550°C (to obtain a proper STPP form) in the chamber kiln. This method allows producing the granular sodium tripolyphosphate with high bulk density (1.04-1.07 kg/dm3) and a high content of Form I or Form II, respectively.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2009, 11, 2; 13-20
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Uwarunkowania gospodarki osadami ściekowymi w Polsce i Niemczech
    Conditions of sewage sludge management in Poland and Germany
    Autorzy:
    Henclik, A.
    Kulczycka, J.
    Gorazda, K.
    Wzorek, Z.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/296709.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Politechnika Częstochowska. Wydawnictwo Politechniki Częstochowskiej
    Tematy:
    osady ściekowe
    popioły lotne
    fosfor
    odzysk
    sewage sludge
    sewage sludge ash
    phosphorous
    recovery
    Opis:
    W Polsce dominującym sposobem zagospodarowania osadów ściekowych jest ich składowanie oraz przyrodnicze wykorzystanie. Zgodnie z przepisami prawa taki sposób zagospodarowania musi ulec zmianie, gdyż od 2016 r. będzie obowiązywał zakaz składowania osadów ściekowych. W Niemczech w latach 80. XX w. około 50% osadów ściekowych było składowanych, ale po wprowadzeniu zakazu składowania nieprzetworzonych osadów ściekowych od 2005 r. ilość ta znacznie spadła. Obecnie ponad 50% osadów ściekowych jest spalanych, około 30% jest suszonych i stosowanych w rolnictwie czy do kształtowania terenów, a pozostałe są kompostowane i znajdują różne zastosowania w gospodarce. W artykule porównano sposoby gospodarowania osadami ściekowymi w Polsce i Niemczech, uwzględniając uwarunkowania technologiczne, prawne i ekonomiczne. Zwrócono szczególną uwagę na możliwości zastosowania przetworzonych osadów ściekowych, w tym pozyskiwania cennych surowców, np. fosforu, z popiołów powstałych po ich spaleniu.
    In Poland, annually there is produced about 535 000 Mg of dry matter of municipal sewage sludge, and according to forecasts, this amount in 2022 can reach 746 000 Mg of dry matter. In Germany, for several years the annual amount of the sludge produced is at a level about 2 000 000 Mg of dry matter. The produced sludge should be disposed in an environmentally safe manner. In the case of sewage sludge disposal mainly three basic methods are used: agricultural and biological utilization, landfilling and combustion. In Poland, the dominant methods of sewage sludge management is landfilling and agro-biological utilization. According to the current law, this method of management must be changed, because from 2016 the landfilling of sewage sludge will be restricted. In Germany, in the 80s of the 20th century, about 50% of sewage sludge was landfilled, but after the ban for landfilling of unprocessed sewage sludge since 2005, this number dropped significantly. Currently over 50% of sewage sludge is incinerated, about 30% is dried and used in agriculture or for forming land areas, and the rest is composted and used for different purposes in the economy. The article compares methods of sewage sludge management in Poland and Germany, taking into account the conditions of technological, legal and economic issues. Particular attention was paid to the possibility of using processed sewage sludge, including the acquisition of valuable raw materials such as phosphorus from the ash formed after thermal treatment of these sludge. Deadline for introduction in Poland and Germany restriction for landfilling of unprocessed sewage sludge results in the advancement of both the sludge management method in accordance with the requirements of environmental protection and technological advancement and amount of installations for treatment. In an ongoing study in recent years, new methods of obtaining phosphorus are analysed. Such an alternative source can be sewage sludge or ash after its combustion. Initiatives that are aimed directly at the efficient use of phosphorus and its recovery remain scattered and are rarely taken into account in creating policies. Available form of financing research programs are funded by the national resources of individual countries or EU funds.
    Źródło:
    Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska; 2014, 17, 2; 185-198
    1505-3695
    2391-7253
    Pojawia się w:
    Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Analysis of sodium tripolyphosphate production processes with a cumulative calculation method
    Autorzy:
    Kowalski, Z.
    Kijkowska, R.
    Gorazda, K.
    Wzorek, Z.
    Nowak, A. K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778020.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2010
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    polifosforan sodu
    kalkulacja łączna
    analiza ekologiczna
    sodium tripolyphosphate
    cumulative calculation
    ecological analysis
    Opis:
    Sodium tripolyphosphate – one of the condensed phosphates is an important ingredient in various types of cleaning substances and a food additive. The paper presents a comparison of different variants of STPP production with the application of the cumulative calculation method. The material balances of the processes were taken as the basis of the analysis. The method of the process analysis as shown in the cumulative calculation determines the influence of the emissions of dust and gas pollutions originating from a particular production process, as well as wastewater and solid wastes resulting from it, upon the natural environment. It was proved that the solution of the production STPP with the dry one-step method has the lowest impact on the environment among the three assessed solutions.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2010, 12, 4; 22-25
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Dry single-stage method of sodium tripolyphosphate production – technological and economic assessment
    Autorzy:
    Gorazda, K.
    Kowalski, Z.
    Kijkowska, R.
    Pawłowska-Kozińska, D.
    Wzorek, Z.
    Banach, M.
    Nowak, A. K.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/778549.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Zachodniopomorski Uniwersytet Technologiczny w Szczecinie. Wydawnictwo Uczelniane ZUT w Szczecinie
    Tematy:
    sodium tripolyphosphate production
    dry method
    classic method
    technical and economic analysis
    Opis:
    The study presents a technology of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) production with the use of a dry, single-stage method. The reacting substrates (concentrated wet-process phosphoric acid - WPPA and solid Na2CO3 ) are mixed with a recycled final product (STPP) in a mixer, then a „quasi-dry” mixture is calcined in a rotary kiln. Thanks to that, some stages of a classic method of STPP production are eliminated: one of the two-stage neutralization of the phosphoric acid with sodium carbonate at temperature ~80°C, filtration of the neutralised solution and its evaporation, as well as the stage of drying a solution of mono- and di-sodium orthophosphate in a spray dryer. According to the presented technical and economical analysis, the costs of STPP production using a single-stage dry method can be 10% lower compared to the classic method.
    Źródło:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology; 2014, 16, 1; 41-44
    1509-8117
    1899-4741
    Pojawia się w:
    Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Suspension fertilizers based on alternative raw materials : the key to sustainability and closed nutrient cycles
    Autorzy:
    Gorazda, Katarzyna
    Kominko, Halyna
    Nowak, Anna K.
    Wiśniak, Adam
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/27311568.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2023
    Wydawca:
    Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
    Tematy:
    circular economy
    alternative raw materials
    suspensions
    waste
    fertilizer
    nutrients recovery
    Opis:
    The rapid, high increase in production costs and prices of mineral fertilizers leads to a reduction in their use by farmers, while fertilizer manufacturers consider the use of alternative raw materials and reducing the energy consumption of fertilizer production processes. Given these circumstances, special attention is warranted for suspension fertilizers. The manufacturing of suspension fertilizers is simplified and less energy intensive in comparison with solid fertilizers. This is achieved by omitting certain production stages such as granulation, drying, sifting, which usually contribute to more than half of the production costs. This paper presents the production procedure of suspension fertilizers tailored for cabbage cultivation, utilizing alternative raw materials such as sewage sludge ash and poultry litter ash. The final products are thoroughly characterized. The obtained fertilizers were rich in main nutrients (ranging from 23.38% to 30.60% NPK) as along with secondary nutrients and micronutrients. Moreover, they adhere to the stipulated standards concerning heavy metal content as outlined in the European Fertilizer Regulation. A distribution analysis has showed that suspension fertilizers contain nutrients in both liquid and solid phases. This arrangement facilitates their easy availability for plants and subsequent release upon dissolution in soil conditions. To assess process consistency, the production of the most promising fertilizer was upscaled. A preliminary technological and economic analysis was also conducted. The method of producing suspension fertilizers using alternative raw materials is a simple waste management solution offering nutrient recycling with the principles of circular economy. This approach not only encourages nutrient recycling but also curtails reliance on imported raw materials.
    Źródło:
    Archives of Environmental Protection; 2023, 49, 3; 38--49
    2083-4772
    2083-4810
    Pojawia się w:
    Archives of Environmental Protection
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-10 z 10

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