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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Symbols and codes used in the cartographic documentation of railway areas
    Autorzy:
    Dybeł, Katarzyna
    Kampczyk, Arkadiusz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/215307.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019
    Wydawca:
    Instytut Kolejnictwa
    Tematy:
    cartographic symbol
    cartographic code
    graphic symbol
    map
    railway area
    railway surveying
    Opis:
    The cartographic documents covering railway areas require additional specifi c cartographic symbols and codes because of the diversity of the existing railway infrastructure elements. Cartographic symbols represent objects featured in maps and schematic plans, according to their attribute characteristics and the scale of a given map. A cartographic code is a designation assigned to cartographic symbols featured in maps in scale ranges of 1:500 to 1:5000. The main purpose of the conducted study was to determine the extent of uniformity of cartographic symbols and codes used in railway areas in the light of the relevant applicable legal regulations, technical standards, industry-specifi c manuals, and the perception of space as presented in the cartographic documentation of railway areas. The condition of cartographic symbols and codes has been analysed, taking the characteristics of the target audience of cartographic documents as well as the intended use and content of such documents into consideration. The paper describes the patterns behind the processes of coding real elements of railway infrastructure in cartographic documents, and off ers tables including fi ndings of comparative analyses of cartographic symbols and codes according to the following requirements: • GK-1 of the technical standard “Organisation and performance of measurements in railway land surveying”, • Regulation of the Minister of Administration and Digitization of 2 November 2015 on the topographic objects database and the principal map, • Ig-10 (D-27) instruction on developing and updating schematic plans. The conducted studies have revealed a lack of consistency and discrepancies among the cartographic symbols and codes used and adopted in railway areas. These symbols should be consistent and harmonised with other symbols and elements of cartographic documents in order to function as a harmonious whole. It has also been found that there are no defi nitions for characteristic cartographic symbols and codes found across railway infrastructure elements. The paper offers new original cartographic symbols and codes for those elements which have not been defi ned so far. New definitions cover: animal protection device and stabilised fixed points of reference for observing the areas susceptible to creep of rails in a continuous welded track. The findings of the conducted studies contribute to the subjects raised in the contemporary domain of civil engineering and railway transport. The article contains author’s insights and conclusions. The paper has been developed as part of AGH’s statutory research no. 11.11.150.005.
    Źródło:
    Problemy Kolejnictwa; 2019, 182; 115-129
    0552-2145
    2544-9451
    Pojawia się w:
    Problemy Kolejnictwa
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Creating a common symbol classification for a new historical geoportal of Poland
    Autorzy:
    Panecki, Tomasz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2037653.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2015-01-10
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
    Tematy:
    Historical GIS
    hGIS
    WebGIS
    cartographic data modelling
    Opis:
    The crowd-sourcing approach should be implemented into a new historical geoportal of Poland due to its increasing potential in WebGIS. Registered users will be able to acquire spatial data from various map series. As it requires feature class harmonization, a common symbol classification should be proposed. It will be based on chosen topographic maps of Polish land from the 19th and 20th centuries. Feature classes derived from archival maps will be standardized and reclassified, but with no information lost. This will be done in four steps which require: data acquisition, map content harmonization, feature class typification and attribute table elaboration. In addition, four methods of data harmonization can be distinguished: symbol sequence, semantic analogies, spatial relations and a combined method. The paper covers the elaboration of two thematic layers - roads and railways based on three topographic maps (Austrian 1:75 000, German 1:100 000, Russian 1: 126 000).
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development; 2014, 18, 4; 34-40
    0867-6046
    2084-6118
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Choropleth maps and diagram maps in atlas of cartographic presentation methods
    Autorzy:
    Pasławski, Jacek
    Korycka-Skorupa, Jolanta
    Nowacki, Tomasz
    Opach, Tomasz
    Szmajda, Dorota
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2035778.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2012-11-10
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydział Geografii i Studiów Regionalnych
    Tematy:
    Cartographic presentation methods
    choropleth map
    diagram map
    class selection
    graduated symbol scaling
    Opis:
    The online Atlas kartograficznych metod prezentacji [Atlas of cartographic presentation methods, hereinafter the Atlas] is a research project being carried out at the Department of Cartography of the University of Warsaw. The aim of the project is to systematize knowledge about the use of cartographic presentation methods. This study discusses selected issues related to two of the five presentation methods analysed in the project, viz. the choropleth map and the diagram map. A rational application of two quite commonly-used presentation methods leads to a number of problems. These problems are most easily visible during attempts to program its implementation in the web-based Atlas and are largely due to the difficulties with drawing a clear boundary between what is a good and a bad map. For this reason, the system operator’s skill and eye for the graphics of semi-automated visualisation seem to be of key importance.
    Źródło:
    Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development; 2012, 16, 1; 49-56
    0867-6046
    2084-6118
    Pojawia się w:
    Miscellanea Geographica. Regional Studies on Development
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zmiany znaków na XX-wiecznych mapach topograficznych w skali 1:100 000
    Symbol changes on 20th century topographic maps in 1:100 000
    Autorzy:
    Kuna, J.
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/204522.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2014
    Wydawca:
    Polskie Towarzystwo Geograficzne
    Tematy:
    mapa topograficzna
    semantyka kartograficzna
    zmienne graficzne
    topographic map
    cartographic semantics
    graphic variables
    Opis:
    Artykuł jest próbą przedstawienia zmian zakresu treści wybranych XX-wiecznych map topograficznych w skali 1:100 000 obejmujących Lublin oraz zmian formy graficznej znaków z uwzględnieniem różnic semantycznych i stosowanych zmiennych graficznych.
    The 20th century was a time of change in the concept of topographic map design. The article focuses on analysis related to the influence of 20th century technological changes in the graphic form of symbols applied on topographic maps, using maps in the scale of 1:100 000 as examples. The choice of maps was dictated by availability and representativness for the 20th century Polish territory. The following maps presenting the region of Lublin and its surroundings have been analyzed: Karte des westlichen Rufllands by the Prussian Royal Geodesy Service from the end of 19th and the beginning of 20th century, the tactical map of Poland by the Military Geographical Institute from the 1930s, a topographic map in the "GUGiK-1980" projection from the 1980s and the topographic map of Poland by the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces -the tourist edition from the 1990s (fig. 1). The Prussian map from World War I was printed using lithography. The late maps by the Military Geographical Institute made in the 1930s are one of the most beautiful works of the "offset revolution". The maps by the Head Office of Geodesy and Cartography (GUGiK) are the civil version of military maps which were classified as secred in the times of the People's Republic of Poland (before 1990). The map by the General Staff of the Polish Armed Forces was made at the time when Polish cartography was on the verge of the computerization era. During the past century, there occurred changes in both the contents of maps and its classification, as well as in the form of cartographic symbols. The ten¬dency to define notions and classify topographic objects in better detail has become clearly apparent. The most changes occurred in the methods of clas¬sification of transport contents, a little less in the remaining anthropogenic elements, and the least - in classification of natural elements. Graphic construction of symbols indirectly points to the technological process of map design and publication. Symbols on one- and two-color maps were designed differently than the symbols on multicolor maps. In the first half of 20th century, limited possibilities of color usage influenced bigger diversification of symbols' shapes and sizes. In the beginning of 20th century, image signs or image-symbolic signs constituted a large percentage of symbols applied on maps, whereas by the end of 20th century - symbolic and geometrical signs were most dominant. Therefore we witness a growing level of abstraction of maps as depictions of geographical space.
    Źródło:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny; 2014, T. 46, nr 1, 1; 47-61
    0324-8321
    Pojawia się w:
    Polski Przegląd Kartograficzny
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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