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Tytuł:
“Historical Situations” in the Jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights in Strasbourg
Autorzy:
Kaminski, Ireneusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/706650.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
EUROPEAN CONVENTION
EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS
THE CONVENTION
THE COURT
Opis:
This Article investigates how the European Court of Human Rights becomes competent to make decisions in cases concerning (or taking roots in) 'historical situations' preceding the ratification of the European Convention by a given Member State or even the enactment of the Convention. 'Historical situations' refer to events that occurred in the period of Second World War or shortly thereafter. In all such cases, the preliminary question arises whether the Court is competent temporally (ratione temporis) to deal with the application. This group of cases concerned usually allegations touching upon the right to life and the right to property. The Court had to decide if the allegation in question related to a temporally closed event (making the Court not competent) or rather to a continuous violation (where the Court could adjudicate). A specific set of legal questions arose vis-a-vis the right to life, first of all that of the autonomy of the procedural obligation to conduct an efficient investigation. The Strasbourg case law did not provide a clear answer. However, following two crucial judgements rendered by the Grand Chamber, the Court has established an interesting legal framework. Article analyses also two other situations having a historical dimension: bringing to justice those accused of war crimes or other crimes under international law (in light of the alleged conflict with the principle of nullum crimes sine lege) and pursuing authors of pro-Nazi statements or speech denying the reality of Nazi atrocities.
Źródło:
Polish Yearbook of International Law; 2010, 30; 9-60
0554-498X
Pojawia się w:
Polish Yearbook of International Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Problematyka bioróżnorodności w nowym PROW na lata 2014-2020
The issue of biodiversity in the new Rural Development Programme (RDP) for the years 2014-2020
Autorzy:
Gała, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/952973.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Temida 2
Tematy:
biodiversity
protection of biodiversity
the Convention on biodiversity protection
the rural development
Opis:
One of the human expansions on Earth there is substantial increase of species extinction rate. And this process leads to significant reduction in biodiversity. However, its protection is necessary for the most elementary reasons: – to maintain mechanisms of living nature action, – to maintain nature’s capacity to survive the environment changes; – to prevent the loss of natural values, not yet identified and used, which may constitute the basis for development and guarantee for survival of future generations. The notion of biodiversity was defined by the Convention on biodiversity adopted at the United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development (so called “Earth Summit”) in Rio de Janeiro, 5th June 1992. Both the Republic of Poland and the European Union is the Signatory of this Convention. Therefore, the obligations imposed on the Convention signatories shall be reflected both in the national and the European Union legislation. Undoubtedly, the legal regulations, both of the Community and the national ones concerning support for rural development include solutions purposed to protect biodiversity. It also appears that these solutions intend to approach the coherent system to support biodiversity.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Agraria; 2015, 13; 165-177
1642-0438
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Agraria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
LA RESPONSABILITÀ DEL VETTORE ED IL RISARCIMENTO DEL DANNO IN FAVORE DEL PASSEGGERO PER IL VOLO IN RITARDO O CANCELLATO. STUDIO DELLE BUONE PRASSI ATTUALI
Air Carrier Liability and Passengers’ Compensation for Delayed or Cancelled Flights: A Review of the Current best Practice Guidelines
Odpowiedzialność przewoźnika i odszkodowanie na rzecz pasażera za opóźniony lub odwołany lot. Analiza aktualnej dobrej praktyki
Autorzy:
Śliwoska, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2096493.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-02-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
prawo lotnicze, prawo włoskie, prawa pasażera, konwencja warszawska, konwencja montrealska, Rzecznik Praw Pasażerów.
.
aviation law, Italian law, passenger rights, the Warsaw Convention, the Montreal Convention, the Passenger Rights Advocate.
Opis:
.
Artykuł omawia podstawy prawne oraz dobrą praktykę w przedmiocie odpowiedzialności przewoźnika i kompensacji strat poniesionych przez pasażera w wyniku odwołanego i opóźnionego lotu. Pod [uwagę zostały wzięte regulacje międzynarodowe, unijne oraz krajowe. Dokonano komparatystyki prawa wewnętrznego oraz rozwiązań praktycznych przyjętych w Polsce i we Włoszech w zakresie odszkodowań pasażerskich. Ponadto odnotowano najnowsze rozwiązania prawne, które mają na celu ułatwienie pasażerom realizacji swoich praw. Podkreślono także rolę orzecznictwa krajowego i unijnego przyczyniającego się do rozwoju dobrej praktyki. Wnioski płynące z artykułu prowadzą do podkreślenia tendencji prokonsumenckich w relacji między przewoźnikiem lotniczym a pasażerem.
This article discusses the legal grounds and best practice guidelines regarding an air carrier’s liability and the compensation for losses sustained by a passenger due to a cancelled or delayed flight. I consider the international, European, and Polish regulations, and compare the domestic law and practical arrangements adopted in Poland and Italy for passenger compensation. I also consider the latest legal arrangements to facilitate the exercise of passenger rights. In addition I look at the role of national and EU case law in the promotion of best practices. In my conclusion I emphasise the consumer-friendly trends in air carrier – passenger relations.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze; 2019, 19, 4; 257-282
2353-8139
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Funkcja stabilizacyjna Konkordatu polskiego z 1993 r. wobec Kościoła katolickiego i innych związków wyznaniowych
The Stabilising Function Of The Polish Concordat Of 1993 With Regard To The Catholic Church And Other Religious Denominations
Autorzy:
Borecki, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/911490.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Concordat
the Catholic Church
state-church relations
the Constitution of the Republic of Poland
the Convention on the Law of Treaties
Opis:
The stabilising function is one of the main intended functions of the concordats. It consists in striving to ensure the immutability (stability) of legal norms resulting from the provisions of this type of treaties, and consequently to ensure the relative immutability of legal (and factual) states created or shaped under the concordat government. The Concordat petrifies a model of relations between the state and the Catholic Church. In fact, it protects a certain system of social, political and, to some extent, economic relations. This function in the Polish legal system is guaranteed in particular by the provisions of the Constitution of the Republic of Poland of 1997 (Article 25(3) and (5)) and the provisions of the 1969 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. The Concordat of 1993 is therefore legally difficult to denounce. The Treaty provides a differentiated implementation of the stabilising function. Individual norms of this act, to varying degrees, implement its stabilising function. It seems that it is most fully implemented through detailed standards of an absolutely binding nature. The second category of concordat norms from the point of view of the implementation of the stabilising function should include norms whose implementation depends on a later agreement between the Church and the relevant state authorities. As a third category, one should mention regulations which, when formulating legal norms, refer to canon law or state law. The last group consists of norms, the implementation of which depends, in fact, on a unilateral decision of the state authorities. The degree to which a stabilising function is carried out by the provisions of the Concordat also depends on the level of detail. The Concordat of 1993 is not a full concordat and therefore provides limited stability in the financial and property affairs of the Catholic Church and clergy. In practice, however, the 1993 Treaty, combined with the political strength of the Church, has ensured relatively good legal stability for the Church, although it has not yet been fully implemented and has seen some obvious violations. In many aspects, however, there has been an improvement in the legal position of the Church.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2019, 1, 25; 9-31
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ograniczenia dostępu do pornografii w internecie (kwestie braku definicji pojęcia pornografia oraz zobowiązań wynikających z konwencji genewskiej z 1923 r.)
Restrictions on access to pornography in the Internet (issues of the lack of definition of pornography and obligations under the Geneva Convention of 1923)
Autorzy:
Bachmat, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2216092.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
internet
the Geneva Convention of 1923
pornography
Criminal Code
Opis:
There is no comprehensive definition of pornography in the Polish legal system. The legislator only made a fragmentary definition of pornography in relation to “child pornography”. In author’s opinion an attempt to form a comprehensive definition of “pornography” or its semantic counterparts should take into account several fundamental issues, including the possibility to distinguish between pornography and eroticism. Solutions included in the International Convention of 1923 on Combating the Circulation and Trade of Pornographic Publications and in the Criminal Code were based on two non-complementary models of regulation regarding the access to pornography. Due to the partial outdating of reasons underlying the adoption of the above convention, the author of the opinion suggests to consider termination of the convention by Poland.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2019, 1(61); 230-253
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O rozwoju praw dziecka w Polsce i na świecie
Development of child’s rights in Poland and worldwide
Autorzy:
Krawczak-Chmielecka, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/498961.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Fundacja Dajemy Dzieciom Siłę
Tematy:
prawa dziecka
prawa człowieka
Konwencja o prawach dziecka
rights of the child
human rights
the Convention on the Rights of the Child
Opis:
Prawa dziecka to prawa człowieka, wynikają one z godności osobowej oraz niepowtarzalności dziecka jako człowieka. Przysługują każdemu dziecku, nie można ich pozbawić czy się zrzec. Takie widzenie dziecka jako posiadacza określonych niezbywalnych praw jest jednak podejściem dość nowym, początki ruchu na rzecz praw dziecka sięgają ledwie końca XIX wieku. Artykuł przedstawia historię dochodzenia do obecnie obowiązujących praw dziecka w Polsce i na świecie, omawiając kluczowe momenty w ich rozwoju i główne dokumenty prawne, w których są zawarte.
The rights of the child are human rights, resulting from the dignity of the person and the uniqueness of the child as a human being. They apply to any child, no child can be deprived of them or renounce them. Such a vision of a child as a holder of certain inalienable rights is, however, a rather recent approach, the beginning of the movement for the rights of the child goes back to the end of the 19th century. The article presents the history of the current rights of the child in Poland and worldwide, discussing the key moments in their development and main legal documents in which they are contained.
Źródło:
Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka; 2017, 16, 2; 11-23
1644-6526
Pojawia się w:
Dziecko krzywdzone. Teoria, badania, praktyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analysis of the concept of informed consent concerning the use of genetic material according to the European Convention on Bioethics and in other solutionsm - propositions for broad consent for future genetic research from the point of view of the activity of the Biobank
Autorzy:
Patryn, Rafał
Sak, Jarosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989458.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Instytut Medycyny Wsi
Tematy:
the european convention on bioethics
law
informed consent
research
Opis:
Objective. The aim of the article is a critical presentation of the typology of consents included in the European Convention on Bioethics and in other formal solutions concerning the gathering of genetic material in institutions called Biobanks. Materials and method. Existing types of Acts of Consent are inaccurate in their scope and possess insufficient information regarding the gathering of genetic material (application, usage, processing) and their final (future and diverse) use. Results. Lack of precise legal regulations on the broad future use of genetic material may result in various formal problems relating both to research participants as well as those commissioning the research. Ultimately, it may lead to various complications with the appropriate legal interpretation of consent and possible claims on behalf of the donors. Conclusions. The presented proposition of consent with a terminal premise is to be applied eventually to legal and formal aspects of the collecting of genetic material. It is a possible solution which would clarify the issue of informed consent, and may be implemented in the regulations of the Convention as well as constitute a self-contained legislative solution to this matter. For example, Polish law in its current form, without the ratification of the Bioethical Convention, allows the collecting of material for genetic testing for determination of the risk of genetic defects in common genetic material from people who are planning to have a child.
Źródło:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine; 2017, 24, 3
1232-1966
Pojawia się w:
Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rethinking Conscientious Objection to Mandatory Vaccination
Autorzy:
Tucak, Ivana
Berdica, Josip
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43539285.pdf
Data publikacji:
2024
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
justice
European Court of Human Rights
the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
conscientious objection
Opis:
Among the member states of the Council of Europe, there is a consensus on the importance of vaccination as a successful and effective preventive health intervention. Every state aims to achieve herd immunity, i.e., a high vaccination rate of the population that will prevent the circulation of contagious diseases in the population and thus protect those who cannot be vaccinated due to age or poor health. However, despite the general recognition of the importance of vaccination, there is no consensus on a “single model” of how best to achieve the goals of mass immunization. Countries have different public health policies, so while the vaccination policy of some members of the Council of Europe is limited to a recommendation, others have made vaccination compulsory. Today, there are many opponents of vaccination and those who are hesitant. This paper will focus on those who refuse to be vaccinated based on a moral understanding of how to act in certain circumstances. The paper will explore whether countries imposing mandatory vaccination, with financial or other sanctions imposed in the case of non-compliance, should recognize the right to conscientious objection. This includes the right of adults to refuse vaccination, and respecting the religious and philosophical beliefs of parents who refuse to vaccinate their children. The article consists of two main parts. The first part will explore the legal-theoretical and legal-philosophical dimensions of the relationship between justice and conscience, with special emphasis on the interpretation of this relationship provided by the American political philosopher John Rawls. The second part of the paper will examine the issue of compulsory vaccination and conscientious objection through the prism of the rights provided for in the Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms.  
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2024, 57, 2; 269-292
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Autorzy:
Łopatka, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43450268.pdf
Data publikacji:
1990-12-31
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Nauk Prawnych PAN
Tematy:
children’s rights
children
the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child
Źródło:
Droit Polonais Contemporain; 1990, 1(85); 21-34
0070-7325
Pojawia się w:
Droit Polonais Contemporain
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Realizing the right to work. Reflections based on the Convention on The Rights of Persons with Disabilities
O urzeczywistnianiu prawa do pracy. Rozważania na kanwie konwencji o prawach osób niepełnosprawnych
Autorzy:
Mikrut, Adam
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2076485.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
The Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
right to work
Konwencja o prawach osób niepełnosprawnych
prawo do pracy
Opis:
The content of the study focuses on the issue of the right to work of persons with disabilities from the point of view of the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities adopted by the General Assembly of United Nations in 2006. The article discusses the formal elements of the national system supporting the professional activity of this group of people. The author also presents opinions of various entities, independent of state authorities, on the compatibility of solutions adopted in our country with the philosophy of the Convention.
Źródło:
Rocznik Komisji Nauk Pedagogicznych; 2018, LXXI; 97-114
0079-3418
Pojawia się w:
Rocznik Komisji Nauk Pedagogicznych
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Models of Disability and Their Influence on Judicial Decisions: A Preliminary Approach from the Perspective of the Spanish Case Law
Autorzy:
Martínez-Pujalte, Antonio-Luis
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/619077.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
disability
the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
judicial interpretation of the law
niepełnosprawność
Konwencja o Prawach Osób Niepełnosprawnych
sądowa interpretacja prawa
Opis:
The purpose of this article is to show the influence on judicial decisions of the approach to disability embedded in the person’s mentality. A brief introduction to the different paradigms of disability is previously provided, distinguishing mainly between the medical and the social model, and noting that the latter has been incorporated by the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities. The analysis of two recent decisions of the Spanish Supreme Court illustrates the influence of the different models of disability on legal judgements. Finally, some conclusions from this analysis are suggested, which can mark a path for future research.
Celem artykułu było określenie wpływu, jaki na decyzje sądowe ma podejście do niepełnosprawności wpisane w mentalność danej jednostki. Po przedstawieniu krótkiego wprowadzenia do różnych paradygmatów niepełnosprawności rozróżniono jej model medyczny i społeczny, zauważając, że ten ostatni został włączony do Konwencji o Prawach Osób Niepełnosprawnych. Analiza dwóch ostatnich orzeczeń hiszpańskiego Sądu Najwyższego ilustruje wpływ różnych modeli niepełnosprawności na orzeczenia sądowe. W podsumowaniu sformułowano wnioski, które mogą wyznaczyć kierunek przyszłych badań.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2020, 29, 3
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stosowanie Europejskiej Konwencji Praw Człowieka i Podstawowych Wolności przez organy władzy publicznej Republiki Federalnej Niemiec. Studium przypadku
Application of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms by the German state bodies. A case study
Autorzy:
Bainczyk, Magdalena
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/505254.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Krakowska Akademia im. Andrzeja Frycza Modrzewskiego
Tematy:
The European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
The German Federal Constitutional Court
national jurisdiction
Opis:
The order of the Second Senate of the German Federal Constitutional Court (the FCCt) of 14 October 2004 is a good example for a functioning of European legal community in an interpretation by German courts. Analyzing of effects of the European Court on Human Rights’ (the ECHR) decision in the Görgülü case on application of law by the state bodies, the FCCt emphasizes an openness of the German legal order towards the European law but parallel forms some legal restrictions on it, as it also does in European Union cases. On one hand in the German legal system, the European Convention on Human Rights (the Convention) in the interpretation of the ECHR has the status of a federal statute, and it must be taken into account in the interpretation of domestic law, including fundamental rights and constitutional guarantees. The authorities and courts of the Federal Republic of Germany are therefore obliged, under certain conditions, to take account of the Convention as interpreted by the ECHR in making their decisions. On the other hand this commitment takes effect only within the democratic and constitutional system of the Basic Law. The standard of protection of basic rights guaranteed by the Basic Law forms an important part of this constitutional system. What is more the state bodies must take into consideration effects of the ECHR’s decision on the national legal system. It means that taking into account decisions of the ECHR is possible only within the scope of the applicable law of procedure and the state bodies must evaluate decision’s effects, in particular in family law, the law concerning aliens, and also in the law on the protection of personality. It is worth to mention that an influence of the Görgülü case may be seen also in German legislation. In 2006 the German Code of Civil Procedure was changed. According to the section 580 of the above mentioned Code an action for retrial of the case may be brought: 8. Where the European Court of Human Rights has established that the Convention or its protocols have been violated, and where the judgment is based on this violation.
Źródło:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe; 2013, 2; 25-43
1733-2680
2451-0610
Pojawia się w:
Krakowskie Studia Międzynarodowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kierunki zmian w prawie o bezpieczeństwie morskim
Directions of changes in Polish maritime safety law
Autorzy:
Nawrot, Justyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/927235.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-12-04
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
maritime safety
maritime administration
ISM code
international maritime conventions
the SOLAS convention
Opis:
The article tackles the issue of amendments to Polish maritime safety law which has been amended a number of times since it came to life several years ago. The last amendments of 2015 have been the most profound and complex. Today, maritime safety is given much more importance than several dozen years ago. The public and private aspects of maritime safety became the focus of attention rather recently but are now a branch of law that is developing the most dynamically. As has been shown in the paper, although private maritime law was already known in the Ancient Times, public-private law regulations were adopted only after the sinking of the Titanic in 1912. Still, it is not the private but the public aspects of maritime safety law which constitutes the major challenge. The abundance of international and European legislation ought to prompt the Polish legislator to consider a possible adoption of one comprehensive maritime safety act which would approach the whole matter in question in a systematic manner. The deliberations presented in the paper sum up the amendments to maritime safety law made so far. They are also an attempt to analyse the new legal order more deeply, and propose some more general de lege ferenda conclusions. The analysis is set in a wider context, taking into account the amendments introduced to international and EU regulations.
Źródło:
Studia Prawa Publicznego; 2017, 2 (18); 103-121
2300-3936
Pojawia się w:
Studia Prawa Publicznego
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The concept of human dignity as a value basis of psychiatry
Das Konzept der Menschenwürde als Wertefundament der Psychiatrie
Autorzy:
FISCHER, Marie-Luise
LINK, Pierre-Carl
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1033693.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Zakład Opieki Zdrowotnej Ośrodek Umea Shinoda-Kuracejo
Tematy:
Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities
Opis:
Human dignity is composing the main theme for the interaction with mentally ill people, which requires certain competence and a certain sensitivity. The action in the psychiatric daily routine in dealing with mentally ill people is always an enforcement and must always remain questionable. Child and adolescent psychiatry is arranged in between pedagogical responsibility and psychopathological understanding. Here the emotional structure of the young man has not been sufficiently constituted yet. For this reason the conception of human being by people working in psychiatric departments has to be affected by the valuable singularity of each other. Human dignity is jeoparding in psychiatry frequently by compulsory measures and stigma. Therefore it is more important that action in psychiatry is taking place among social dignity. In the consorting with mentally ill people, people working in the field of psychiatry have the obligation to support them actively in the protection of their identity. This obligation has an indispensable, existential significance in psychiatry.
Źródło:
Medicina Internacia Revuo; 2017, 28, 109; 246-261
0465-5435
Pojawia się w:
Medicina Internacia Revuo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Legal uncertainties for navigation through the Turkish Straits
Autorzy:
Bestry, Jan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2050942.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Instytut Studiów Międzynarodowych i Edukacji Humanum
Tematy:
Canal Istanbul
international law
law of the sea
legal regime
the Montreux Convention
the Turkish Straits
Opis:
The legal regime of the Turkish Straits is considered in the article. The Montreux Convention Re- garding the Regime of the Straits signed in 1936 established the sovereignty of the Republic of Tur- key over the Straits and a set of rules for navigation through them. This notwithstanding, there is a number of legal uncertainties left unsettled. The uncertainties could hinder free access to the Black and Azov Sea while a lot of frozen armed conflicts and disputed territoriesgather round the Seas. The Straits are of great importance for the Caspian Sea countries and regions since they have access to them through the Volga, Don and Volga-Don Canal. For the last two decades Turkey has introduced many new rules for navigation there because of the abovementioned uncertainties that has essentially modified the legal regime of the Straits. The Tur- kish interpretationsof and additions to the Montreux Convention in the form of new legal acts, re- gulationsand instructions are evidently aimed at the accretion of Turkish national power over the Straits. This trend could raise problems for freedom of navigation as a key principle for international law of the sea. In addition, the Turkish authorities promote the project of ‘Canal Istanbul’as a sea route alternative to the Bosporus.Obviously, the restrictions of the Montreux Convention would not be applicable for a new canal. The second canal alternative to the Dardanelles could completely ruin the conventional legal regime. The rules of U.N. Convention on the Law of the Sea would not be also applicable since Turkey is not a member of the Convention. If the new canals are built, the strictest common law of the sea must be applied for navigation through them. The Montreux Convention has to be modified, taking into account the interests of all regional and extra-regional stakeholders.
Źródło:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne; 2021, 1(40); 19-36
1898-8431
Pojawia się w:
Humanum. Międzynarodowe Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 189

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