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    Tytuł:
    Przedunijne nadzieje i obawy kryjące się za obrazem średniowiecznych władców zawartym w Rozmowie Polaka z Litwinem (1564)
    Autorzy:
    Gacka, Dorota
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2031007.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2019-12-16
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
    Tematy:
    Renaissance literature
    Stanislaus Orichovius
    Augustine Mieleski Rotundus
    political dialogue
    medieval history
    union between Poland and Lithuania
    kings of Poland
    German emperors
    literatura renesansowa
    Stanisław Orzechowski
    Augustyn Mieleski Rotundus
    dialog polityczny
    historia średniowiecza
    unia polsko-litewska
    królowie Polski
    cesarze niemieccy
    Opis:
    Conversation of a Pole with a Lithuanian, written by Augustine Mieleski Rotundus in July or August 1564, was an answer to the political dialogue titled Quincunx. The dialogue was authored by Stanislaus Orzechowski. In his work he ordered Lithuanians to enter the union with Poland, but in the same work he named them slaves and people deprived of freedom. He also expressed the view that only citizens of kingdoms are free and Lithuanians as inhabitants of a duchy have no liberty. Augustine Rotundus replied to him that not all kingdoms enjoy freedom: citizens are free if they have a good ruler.The present paper consists of two parts. In the first part, I present participants of polemics of 1564 and their dialogues, which are written according to ancient rules. In the second part, I quote the medieval threads from Conversation, in which Rotundus talks about rulers of Poland and emperors of Germany. He proves that Polish kings were not always good rulers. Sometimes dukes were better than kings. Therefore the Grand Duchy of Lithuania is not worse than the Kingdom of Poland. Medieval threads also exhibit preunion hopes and fears of the Lithuanians. We find here the picture of the state and the portrait of the ruler which wanted by them. The state should have a Christian character and law which is well constructed. Furtherly, the ruler should be wise, willing to cooperate with the Church, independent of his wife and free of excessive ambition.
    Źródło:
    Tematy i Konteksty; 2019, 14, 9; 116-143
    2299-8365
    Pojawia się w:
    Tematy i Konteksty
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Prusy, Rzesza i Mitteleuropa. Wokół niemieckiego tła Aktu 5 listopada 1916 r.
    Prussia, Reich and Mitteleuropa (Middle Europe). The German background of the Act of 5th November 1916
    Autorzy:
    Kucharczyk, Grzegorz
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2164428.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017-06-30
    Wydawca:
    Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
    Tematy:
    Rzesza Niemiecka
    Prusy
    Polska
    Akt dwóch cesarzy
    German Reich
    Prussia
    Polska
    Mitteleuropa
    Two Emperors’ Proclamation
    Opis:
    The article discusses the German background of a declaration of Two Emperors of 5th November 1916. The author presents the interactions between the specific political centres in Germany which were a part of the decision-making with regard to the Polish cause. In the article, attention is drawn to the complexity of the process and the lack of unity between the German and Prussian decision makers. This article deals with the issue of the German background of a declaration of Two Emperors of the 5th of November 1916 which announced restitution of the Polish Kingdom. This background resulted from several separate decision centres: the Reich’s government, the Prussian cabinet (Staatsministerium) and the German Military Headquarters (OHL). Notably, the German government and (to certain degree) the OHL had to overcome the resistance of the Prussian government which regarded the concessions made to Poles excessive and as such posing a threat to the vital Prussian interests (predominantly territorial integrity). In this context, the endeavours to solve the Polish question in Germany during World War I is a clear example of the persistence of particular interests within the Reich and the painful process of ultimate abandoning thereof. The idea of Mitteleuropa provides evidence that “a sense of strategic imagination” (as far as the Polish cause was concerned) was much more vivid among German political writers during WWI than among German political decision-makers of that time. However, there was one important exception to this rule, namely general H. Beseler, head of the German occupation apparatus in Poland (1915–1918). He used to criticise the lack of understanding of the importance of the Polish cause in the Berlin government circles, the OHL and among radical nationalists (the Pan-German League, the German Eastern Marches Society).
    Źródło:
    Historia Slavorum Occidentis; 2017, 2 (13); 29-41
    2084-1213
    Pojawia się w:
    Historia Slavorum Occidentis
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
      Wyświetlanie 1-2 z 2

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