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Tytuł:
Rzymskie regulacje prawne związane z ochroną dziecka poczętego
Autorzy:
Niczyporuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621170.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Roman law, nasciturus, pregnancy
Opis:
Legal problems connected with the defining of pregnancy and with the protection of the interests of the unborn child were at first regulated in Senatus consultum Plancianum de liberis agnoscendis, and next in the edict de inspiciendo ventre custodiendoque partu and in the rescriptum divi Fratres. Senatus consultum Plancianum regulated only the question of establishment of paternity in marriage. Edict de inspiciendo ventre custodiendoque partu regulated the procedure, which should have been undertaken after the husband’s death, when former wife claimed to be pregnant. The main reason for these regulations was to eliminate the growing number of illegal practice concerning establishment of paternity, when the child was born after the death of his father or after the divorce of his parents. The results of applying the edict de inspiciendo ventre custodiendoque partu could have the legal importance for the future position of the unborn child. The edict regulated the procedure, which should have been applied after the death of husband, when woman was claiming to be pregnant. Once the procedure was applied, the praetor could grant bonorum possessio (D. 25, 4, 1, 10 i D. 25, 4, 1, 15). According to edictum, you could apply: inspectio ventris, custodia ventris and custodia partus to a pregnant woman. These institutions were used to confirm the fact of pregnancy and to observe the pregnant woman and the delivery. The edict de inspiciendo ventre custodiendoque partu was in use in case of the death of a husband of a pregnant wife and the purpose of this edict was to protect from simulation of pregnancy. According to the edict, the widow had to inform everybody potentially interested (or legal representatives) about pregnancy in one month’s time. The most important group which had to be informed, comprised of heirs of the dead person. According to the Ulpianus’s commentary, both testimonial and ab intestato heirs should have been informed.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2009, 8; 27-40
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aron Aleksander Olizarowski i jego sylwetka naukowa w ocenie XIX-wiecznych polskich myślicieli
Aron Aleksander Olizarowski and his Research Profile in the Opinions of the 19th Century Scientists
Autorzy:
Niczyporuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/4309346.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-04-25
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Aron Aleksander Olizarowski
De politica hominum societate
Tadeusz Czacki
kwestia chłopska
stosunki pańszczyźniane
Peasants’ question
Serfdom
Opis:
Dzieło życia Arona Aleksandra Olizarowskiego De politica hominum societate jest częściowo poświęcone kwestii chłopskiej w Polsce XVII w. Zostało ono dostrzeżone w nauce polskiej w XIX w. Ludwik Alojzy Cappelli niewątpliwie znał to dzieło, gdyż prezentował poglądy w nim zawarte w ramach publicznych posiedzeń naukowych Uniwersytetu Wileńskiego w 1817 r. Również Tadeusz Czacki w pracy O litewskich i polskich prawach kilkakrotnie nawiązał do De politica hominum societate i cytował jego obszerny fragment. Zabiegi Czackiego mogą świadczyć o uznaniu doniosłości poglądów Olizarowskiego w kwestii chłopskiej. Również inni polscy uczeni, tacy jak: Feliks Słotwiński, Piotr Chmielowski czy Joachim Lelewel, nawiązywali do dzieła Olizarowskiego, by pokazać jego oryginalny wkład w próbę zreformowania stosunków pańszczyźnianych.
Aron Aleksander Olizarowski’s opus vitae: De politica hominum societate is partially dedicated to the peasants’ question in Poland in the 17th century. His views were noted in the 19th-century Polish scholarly literature. Aloisio Luigi Capelli must have known Olizarowski’s work, since he presented the views expressed therein at scholarly meetings at the Vilnius University in 1817. Tadeusz Czacki repeatedly mentioned De politica hominum societate in his work entitled O polskich i litewskich prawach [On Polish and Lithuanian laws] and he also cited this work. This fact confirms the importance of Olizarowski’s views on the peasants’ question. Among other scholars, Feliks Słotwiński, Piotr Chmielowski, and Joachim Lelewel also mentioned De politica hominum societate in order to demonstrate Olizarowski’s original views on reforming the serfdom.
Źródło:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica; 2023, 102; 111-119
0208-6069
2450-2782
Pojawia się w:
Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Publikacje romanistyczne w Akademii Wileńskiej w latach 1644—1655
Romanistic publications in the Vilnius Academy in the years 1644—1655
Autorzy:
Niczyporuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/782468.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Śląskiego
Tematy:
romanists
Faculty of Law of the Vilnius Academy
professors of law doctors of both laws (utriusque iuris)
Roman law
Opis:
In the years 1644—1655 the Faculty of Law of the Vilnius Academy published several publications of professors working there and promoted doctors of both laws (utriusque iuris). Some of them covered Roman law. The dissertation of Benedict de Soxo, Claves juris, contains numerous Romanistic motifs. The Rector of the Vilnius Academy discussed terms, phrases and principles rooted in Roman law. Also, considerations concerning the sources of law, its interpretation or the teaching of law had their romanistic roots. Aaron Aleksander Olizarowski, professor at the Faculty of Law of the Vilnius Academy, in his work De politica hominum societate, published in Gdańsk in 1651, made numerous references to Roman law. Most of the romanistic themes were included in the first book, De Domo, when discussing issues related to marriage and family. In 1650 Jan Marquarta wrote a dissertation on Roman law entitled De damno injuriae, which was the only dissertation on this legal matter at the Vilnius Academy in the years 1644—1655. Although the work concerned damage and liability for damages, its author additionally presented the historical development of sources of law in ancient Rome. The content and structure of the dissertation testifies to the good romanistic background of its author. The works referring in their content to Roman law, in the initial period of functioning of the Faculty of Law of the Vilnius Academy, testify to its important role in science and teaching at university law studies.
Źródło:
Z Dziejów Prawa; 2019, 12; 163-184
1898-6986
2353-9879
Pojawia się w:
Z Dziejów Prawa
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
BANKIERZY PUBLICZNI W ŹRÓDŁACH PRAWA RZYMSKIEGO
Autorzy:
Niczyporuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/664061.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
nummularii
mensarii
prawo rzymskie
Opis:
PUBLIC BANKERS IN ROMAN LAW SOURCESSummaryThe Romans had an extensive terminology for persons who engaged in banking activities; however, only nummularii and mensarii pursued activities on behalf of the State. Their operations may be regarded as public banking in the broad sense of the term, and were conducted from the 4th century BC until the 3rd century AD. Banking was of key importance in the peak period of growth for Roman trading and financial operations, and this is confirmed in the sources for Roman law. We do not have any records for the bankers referred to as nummularii until the period of classical Roman law, when we get fragmentary references to them in the writings of Roman jurists. There are only two passages on their public activities in the quality control and exchange of coinage; the first is by Sextus Caecilius Africanus, and the second is Ulpian’s commentary on the duties of the prefectus Urbi. Other references to them in the works of Roman jurists relate to their operations concerning deposits and credit, and as such do not belong to the sphere of public law. We get more mentions of public bankers in the Roman non-legal literature. Mensarii, who performed a certain type of public banking duties, are referred to in Livy’s Ab urbe condita. Cicero, Suetonius, and Festus also wrote about them. Moreover, Grammaticus treated the term mensarii as synonymous with nummularii. Presumably the two categories of public bankers were considered to be generally respected individuals. We also have mentions of the nummularii in the non-legal literature. In his Satyricon Petronius esteemed their skills of assessing the quality of coins; they were also held in high regard by Martial, Suetonius, and Apuleius. Suetonius wrote of the severe penalties imposed on the nummularii by the Emperor Galba. On the other hand, all we get in the epigraphic sources, mostly tombstone inscriptions from Rome, elsewhere in Italy, and the western provinces, are records of the activities of the nummularii for the quality control and exchange of coinage, considered an important duty from the point of view of the State. In fact the non-legal and epigraphic literature of Rome tells us more about public bankers than do the sources on Roman law. Their work did not give rise to many legal problems, as we may conclude from the fact they are mentioned only in two juridical passages. The assessment of the quality of coins and their exchange, and other banking activities on behalf of the State were sufficiently supervised by Roman administrative officers, so there was no need for jurists to comment on them at length.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze; 2014, 14, 1
2353-8139
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ZAWARCIE MAŁŻEŃSTWA ‘LIBERORUM PROCREANDORUM CAUSA’ W PRAWIE RZYMSKIM
Autorzy:
Niczyporuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/664322.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
małżeństwo
dzieci
potomstwo
podatek od osób stanu wolnego
ustawodawstwo małżeńskie
Opis:
MARRIAGE LIBERORUM PROCREANDORUM CAUSA IN ROMAN LAWSummaryOne of the chief purposes of the Roman institution of matrimony was procreation (liberorum procreandorum causa). There are numerous references in the sources to the institution of matrimony commending those citizens who marry in order to beget children. They are said to be living as Nature intended, since procreation secures the continuance of the family and tribe, especially as regards the passing down of the family name and estate to its heirs, and the guarantee that the religious rites (sacra familiaria and sacra gentilicia) will continue to be performed. Such observations were an expression of concern for the future of the Roman family. Marriage for the purpose of begetting progeny was regarded as sacrosanct, a religious duty: uxorem liberorum quaerundum causa ducere religiosum est. However, this applied only to children born of a iustum matrimonium – born in lawful wedlock to a couple who had entered an “approved marriage.” Roman citizens were encouraged and urged by the kings under the Monarchy, and even compelled by the censors, to marry and procreate. Augustus introduced legislation granting privileges to citizens who married, and special rights to families with a large number of children.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze; 2014, 14, 3
2353-8139
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Penal Sanctions Applicable to a Slave Engaged in Banking Activities
Autorzy:
Niczyporuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1912699.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
Galba
banker
nummularius
lex
slave
mutilation
mutilatio
mensa nummularia
money change
coin quality
minting operations
coin value
niewolnik
sankcja mutylacyjna
zmieniać pieniądze
badanie jakości monety
operacje menniczo-probiercze
wartość monety
bankier
Opis:
Gaius Suetonius in Vitae Galbae, as part of his Vita divi Augusti, described the case of a banker (nummularius) and the penal sanction applied to him by the later emperor Galba. The governor of the province of Hispania Tarraconensis ordered to cut off the hands of a banker who was unfairly changing money. In order to show even greater severity of the punishment, he ordered the cut off hands to be nailed to the table where the banker was performing the dishonest acts. Undoubtedly, nummularius punished by Galba conducted operations within mensa nummularia. The owners of the cantors used qualified people recruited from among the lower social strata, mainly slaves, to perform mint operations. The professional examination of the quality of a coin required a great deal of specialist work. The convict participated in the banking activity as a support technical personnel. The minting and testing operations ended with sealing the purse with tesserae nummulariae. Such specialized operations were not performed by Roman citizens. The content of tesserae nummulariae may be an indication that the testing operations were performed by slaves. Servi had actual knowledge of the contents of the controlled purses and the control process could be an opportunity for abuse or even punishable acts. The slave would therefore suffer a well-deserved and adequate punishment in the form of chopping off his hands and nailing them to the table at which he dishonestly carried out minting and testing activities.
Gaius Swetoniusz w Vitae Galbae w ramach swoich Vita divi Augusti opisał przypadek osoby zajmującej się działalnością bankierską (nummularius) oraz sankcję penalną zastosowaną wobec niej przez późniejszego cesarza Galbę. Namiestnik prowincji Hiszpania Tarrakońska rozkazał obciąć ręce bankierowi nieuczciwie zmieniającemu pieniądze. By pokazać jeszcze większą surowość nakazanej kary, zarządził przybicie obciętych rąk do stołu, na którym ów bankier dokonywał nieuczciwych działań. Niewątpliwie ukarany przez Galbę nummularius prowadził operacje w ramach mensa nummularia. Właściciele kantorów do wykonania operacji menniczo-probierczych posługiwali się wykwalifikowanymi osobami rekrutującymi się z niższych warstw społecznych, głównie niewolników. Profesjonalne badanie jakości monety wymagało wielu czynności specjalistycznych. Skazany brał udział w czynnościach bankierskich jako pomoc techniczna. Operacje menniczo-probiercze kończyły się opieczętowaniem sakiewki przy pomocy tesserae nummulariae. Takich specjalistycznych działań nie wykonywali obywatele rzymscy. Zawartość tesserae nummulariae może wskazywać na to, że czynności probierczych dokonywali niewolnicy. Servi posiadali faktyczną wiedzę o zawartości kontrolowanych sakiewek, a proces kontroli mógł być okazją do nadużyć czy wręcz czynów karalnych. Niewolnik poniósłby więc zasłużoną i adekwatną karę w postaci odrąbania rąk i ich przybicia do stołu, przy którym nieuczciwie dokonywał czynności menniczo-probierczych.
Źródło:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia; 2020, 29, 4; 209-220
1731-6375
Pojawia się w:
Studia Iuridica Lublinensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
NIE KAŻDY MUSI BYĆ DOKTOREM PRAWA, CZYLI STARANIA O UZYSKANIE DOKTORATU NA WYDZIALE PRAWA NA UNIWERSYTECIE W INGOLSZTADZIE (BAWARIA) W 1644 ROKU
You don’t necessarily have to be an LL.D.: how to obtain a doctor’s degree from the University of Ingolstadt (Bavaria) in 1644
Autorzy:
Niczyporuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2096779.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-08-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
Aron Aleksander Olizarowski; Uniwersytet w Ingolsztadzie; doktorat utriusque iuris; profesor; wymogi stawiane doktoratom; metryki uniwersyteckie; procedura doktorska; wpis do albumu studentów; egzamin doktorski.
Aron Aleksander Olizarowski; the University of Ingolstadt; the degree of Doctor Utriusque Iuris; professor; requirements for admission to a course of study for the doctor’s degree; the university register; proceedings for the award of the doctor’s degree; enrolment; examination for the award of the doctor’s degree.
Opis:
W dniu 11 lipca 1644 r. Aron Aleksander Olizarowski otrzymał na Uniwersytecie w Ingolsztadzie doktorat w zakresie prawa. Na Wszechnicy Ingolsztadzkiej studiowało w latach 1473-1700 co najmniej 828 studentów z Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów, a jedynie 383 z nich wybrało konkretny kierunek studiów. Na Wydziale Prawa Uniwersytetu w Ingolsztadzie naukę pobierało co najmniej 110 polskich studentów, choć w rzeczywistości mogło studiować około 300 osób. Aron Aleksander Olizarowski był jednym z kilku przedstawicieli Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów, którzy zdobyli stopień doktora obojga praw: cywilnego (rzymskiego) i kanonicznego (utriusque iuris) na Wszechnicy Ingolsztadzkiej. Z reguły o stopnie naukowe ubiegali się przede wszystkim ci, którzy planowali dalszą karierę akademicką, a także dostojnicy państwowi i kościelni. Bez wątpienia Aron Aleksander Olizarowski wraz ze swym przyjacielem Szymonem Dilgerem, po otrzymaniu na Uniwersytecie w Ingolsztadzie doktoratu w zakresie prawa, zostali profesorami Akademii Wileńskiej. Również baron Fryderyk Aleksander Kotulynski oraz Tomas Hornaeus mogli z dużym prawdopodobieństwem piastować urzędy w Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów.. Wymogi związane z uzyskaniem tego stopnia doktora obojga praw na Wydziale Prawa Uniwersytetu w Ingolsztadzie były wysokie, ale nie odbiegały od tych stosowanych na innych europejskich uniwersytetach. Kandydat musiał mieć odpowiedni poziom wykształcenia, dokonać wpisu do albumu studentów oraz zdać stosowny egzamin. Wobec powyższego dziwić może okoliczność, że tylko kilku absolwentów z Rzeczypospolitej Obojga Narodów zwieńczyło swe studia w zakresie prawa doktoratem.
On July 11, 1644, Aron Aleksander Olizarowski obtained a doctor’s degree in Laws from the University of Ingolstadt. At least 828 students from Poland–Lithuania studied at Ingolstadt in the period from 1473 tob1700, but only 383 of them read for the Doctor Utriusque Iuris degree. We know of at least 110 Polish students in the Faculty of Laws, but the figure could well have been much more, about 300. Aron Aleksander Olizarowski was one of the few Poles who graduated as a Doctor Utriusque Iuris (Doctor of Roman (Civil) and Canon Law) from the University of Ingolstadt. As a rule, those whose aim was graduation were planning a career in academia or in the service of the Church or State. Obtaining the Doctor’s Degree in Laws from Ingolstadt certainly helped Aron Aleksander Olizarowski and his friend Szymon Dilger to be appointed to professorships at the University of Wilno (Vilnius). Baron Fryderyk Aleksander Kotulynski and Tomas Hornaeus were two other Ingolstadt graduates who rose in the world and held office in the service of the Polish–Lithuanian state, no doubt on the strength of their academic qualifications. The requirements for the degree of Doctor Utriusque Iuris from the University of Ingolstadt were high, but did not differ much from what was required at other European universities. The candidate had to have the right education for admission, be enrolled, and pass the prescribed examination, so it is surprising that only a handful of students from Poland–Lithuania managed to graduate as with a Doctor Utriusque Iuris from Ingolstadt.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze; 2022, 22, 2; 141-167
2353-8139
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
KILKA UWAG O KARZE MUTYLACYJNEJ WYKONANEJ WOBEC RZYMSKIEGO BANKIERA (NA MARGINESIE VITA GALBAE 9)
Autorzy:
Niczyporuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/663815.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
nummularius, Roman law
Roman public law
Roman bankers
the Emperor Galba
mutilation.
nummularii
prawo rzymskie
publiczne prawo rzymskie
bankierzy rzymscy
cesarz Galba
kara mutylacyjna.
Opis:
The aim of this article is to present the nummularii, one of several ancient Roman entities engaged in banking. One of the many duties entrusted to them was to examine and determine the nobility of gold and silver coins. This was the activity carried out by the protagonist of a story in Suetonius’ Life of Galba (9). This particular nummularius was a fraudster, and the future emperor punished him by having his hands cut off. To make the sentence even more stringent, Galba ordered the severed hands nailed to the table on which the double-dealing nummularius had carried out his dishonest business.
Celem artykułu jest wyjaśnienie roli i znaczenia kary mutylacyjnejwykonanej na bankierze (nummularius) na podstawie relacji Swetoniusza.Nummularii byli jednym z wielu podmiotów zajmujących się działalnością bankierską w starożytnym Rzymie. Do podstawowych obowiązków, jakie były im powierzone, należało badanie szlachetności metalu, z którego były wykonane monety, oraz ustalanie wartości wybitych monet złotych i srebrnych. Taką aktywność bankierską wykonywał bohater relacji Swetoniusza z żywotu Galby. Przyszły cesarz rozkazał obciąć ręce bankierowi (nummularius) nieuczciwie zmieniającemu pieniądze. By pokazać jeszcze większą surowość kary, zarządził przybicie obciętych rąk do stołu, na którym ów bankier dokonywał nieuczciwych operacji.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze; 2019, 19, 1
2353-8139
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Roman Law in Vilnius in the Period of Existence of the Academy of Vilnius
Autorzy:
Niczyporuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621172.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Prawo rzymskie, Akademia Wileńska, Piotr Roizjusz
Roman law, Academy of Vilnus, Peter Roizjusz
Opis:
The Vilnius University was established on 7th July 1578, pursuant to the Royal Decree of King Stefan Batory. The royal act of establishment has been confirmed by the papal bull of Pope Gregory XIII on 29th October 1579 and by resolution of the Seym adopted in 1585. Before the rise of the Academy in Vilnius several schools had operated one of them founded by Peter Roizjusz. Thanks to the activity of this famous scholar and lawyer, the elements of Roman law were taught in Vilnius even before the creation of a university in Lithuania. At the beginning of the Academy there were no faculties of law or medicine. Presumably, this was connected with a lack of qualified staff in Lithuania. Only under the privilege granted by King Władysław IV, dated 11th October 1644 was a law faculty opened (composed of a chair of canon law and two of civil law). It is very hard to present a list of professors of Roman law (civil) at the University of Vilnius. Perhaps this is due to the fact that apart from Roizjusz, other scientists interested in Roman Law did not teach in Vilnius. Presumably there was only one chair of civil law (Roman). There is no doubt that Roman law played an important role in the training of lawyers and was taught intermittently throughout the remaining period of the operation of the Academy. In addition, preserved sources reflect the scientific work of professors, who were employed there. Following the example of other universities, the Academy of Vilnius awarded in this field a combined doctoral degree embracing “both laws” – civil and canon, which applied primarily to future law professors and high-ranking prelates who performed public functions. Probably there were no promoted doctors of civil law. The basis of the lectures were institutions of the Roman law of Justinian, and their content was not different from the standards adopted in other universities.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2014, 13, 1; 11-34
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nummularii – государственные и частные банкиры в древнем Риме
Autorzy:
Niczyporuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621274.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
nummularii, private bankers, ancient Rome, argentarii.
Opis:
Nummularii, like the other groups of entrepreneurs in the ancient Rome, such as tra- pezitae, argentarii, mensarii, mensularii, coactores, coactores argentarii, stipulatores argentarii, collectarii, were engaged in the banking business. Among the wide range of services offered by the Roman bankers nummularii dealt initially only with the quality and exchange of coins. Therefore, by performing these operations they performed the role of official assay institutions. Their duties were initially primarily to examine coins and metal from which they were made, and setting the value of minted gold and silver co- ins. Nummularii have used empirical examining methods, based on the senses of sight, touch, hearing, and by comparing them to the patterns and samples. They also checked whether the coin was minted by the appropriate authority. There is no evidence that other bankers, in addition to nummularii, were involved in the control of the quality of the coin. Presumably, after some time they expanded their business in banking. In addi- tion to examining the quality of coins nummularii also engaged in their exchange. They conducted also deposit operations and that’s why they became competitors to argentarii on the market of banking services.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2013, 12; 57-74
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Aaron Aleksander Olizarowski profesorem prawa Akademii Wileńskiej
Aaron Alexander Olizarowski as a Professor of Law University of Vilnius
Autorzy:
Niczyporuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621396.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
profesor prawa, prawo rzymskie (cywilne), prawo kanoniczne, Aka- demia Wileńska, wydział prawa
Professor of the Law, Roman Law (Civil), Canon Law, Vilnius Academy, Faculty of Law
Opis:
The professors of law at the Faculty of Law of the University of Vilnius were: Simon Dilger, John George Schauer and Aaron Alexander Olizarowski. On the other hand it raises doubts whether, in accordance with the act of foundation, only one chair of civil law (Roman) were established. Undoubtedly, canon law was taught at the two cathedrals. With high probability, Aaron Alexander Olizarowski also taught canon law. However, all indications are that he could take second chair in civil law (Roman) and lectures on this discipline. It is true that Aaron Alexander Olizarowski also promoted a few doctors of canon law, but in this period Vilnius Academy were other specialists who are likely to teach canon law. In addition, he was a layman, which could also be an obstacle to entrust lectures in canon law. In addition, CV, publications and complete education Olizarowski’s indicate that undoubtedly took a second chair in civil law (Roman) and lectured in this discipline. Having a doctorate both laws was adequate preparation to teach this course. Thus, Alexander Olizarowski, educated abroad, was the only lawyer and the right candidate for the role of professor of civil law (Roman) at the University of Vilnius.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2015, 14, 2; 181-206
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Stwierdzenie ciąży (inspectio ventris) jako środek ochrony interesów dziecka poczętego w prawie rzymskim
Autorzy:
Niczyporuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621544.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
inspectio ventris; unborn child
Opis:
The protection of an unborn child in the ancient Rome took important place because of the dignity (dignitas) of family and because of the public interest. This caused that there were many legal regulations about this problem. Treating the problem from the chronological perspective, the prevention of the interests of an unborn child was at first mentioned in SC Plancianum de liberis agnoscendis, and next in the edict de inspiciendo ventre custodiendoque partu and in the rescript divi Fratres , which were issued under rule of emperors Mark Aurelius and Lutius Verus (temporibus divorum fratrum). According to these regulations, the pregnant woman could be treated with: inspectio ventris, custodia ventris and custodia partus. The aim of these institutions was to confirm the state of pregnancy and to control woman till the moment of delivery. Undertaken measures were justified by the best interest of the unborn child, i.e. his protection. Legal regulation in SC Plancianum did not refer to the confirmation of pregnancy, because it was regulated in edictum de inspiciendo ventre custodiendoque partu, and then extended in the rescript Divi Fratres. In the praetor’s edict the institution of inspectio ventris is regulated – as an examination addressed to freeborn women, which was supposed to confirm of to deny the fact of pregnancy. This examination was made also when there was difference in the opinion about pregnancy between a man and his divorced wife. In particular it referred to cases when a woman was claiming that she is pregnant or she was denying this fact, contrary to the opinion of her husband. Similar situation took place after the husband’s death, when widow claimed that she wasn’t pregnant and there was no justified suspicion that the pregnancy is simulated. The examination was made by the midwives (obstetrices) and they were to exclude the simulation of pregnancy, or substitution a child or substitution of a dead child by the other one. The procedures undertaken towards midwives were stricly regulated in the praetor’s edict, in the commentary to this edict, and in the fragments Sententiae Pauli (PS. 2, 24, 5–9). According to rescript of emperors Mark Aurelius and Lutius Verus (Divi Fratres), if husband insisted on inspectio ventris, then a very respected woman was chosen. A wife had to go to her house to be examined by three midwives you could rely on. If all of them or two of them confirmed the fact of pregnancy, then a special legal procedure against woman was started. New midwives were engaged in it. It shows how big public interest was put to protect the unborn child and to ensure the legal continuity of family. Rescript Divi Fratres was probably published to explain some regulations coming from edictum de inspiciendo ventre custodiendoque partu. Also the commentaries of jurists had the same purpose. All of them together were important for regulation of inspectio ventris. Legal regulations of inspectio ventris were used even in the Greek-Roman Egypt. The confirmation can be found in papyrus dated 147–148 A.D. The procedure shown in this document is the same known from edict. The difference is that praetor could decide how may midwives should be engaged and where the examination was supposed to take place.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2010, 9; 29-40
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mensarii – как банкиры
Autorzy:
Niczyporuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621601.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Ancient Rome, bankers, mensarii, loans-ne’xum
Opis:
Mensarius is one of the terms describing Roman bankers. It is the Latin equivalent of the Greek trapezites – the term first used to describe persons making bank operations. This term was used by Titus Livius and from Ab urbe condita we can take important information about bankers. We find quinqueviri mensarii and triumviri mensarii. The first of them were appointed as a committee in 352 B.C., and according to plebiscitium de quinqueviris mensariis creandis. Quinqueviri mensarii were supposed to solve the problem of Roman citizens’ debts, arising from loans – nexum. They acted as as public banks. The results of the works of this committee were outstanding – they helped citizens and did not cause any loss for the treasury. It so happened, because they used public funds to cover the debts only when the debtors could give a sufficient guarantee. The rest of the debtors had to transfer their goods, which were then evaluated and sold. Triumviri mensarii were appointed as three independent clerks, having wide competences, to stop the crisis doming from the lack of money in circulation (propter penuriam argenti). They were appointed by lex Minucia de triumviris mensariis, from 216 B.C. The committee had probably the same competence as this from 352 B.C. However triumviri mensariis, contrary to the previous committee, were not appointed ad hoc, but they have operated as an office until 210 B.C. Their competence was wide. They registered citizens’ debts and were making payments. They were collecting money as depositum irregulare. Triumviri mensariis were clerks acting as state officials. You can claim that both described categories of Roman officials were acting as a sui generis public bank.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2012, 11; 61-76
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Nadzór nad działalnością bankierów rzymskich (nummularii) w starożytnym Rzymie
The Supervision over Roman bankers (nummularii)
Autorzy:
Niczyporuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/621827.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
bankierzy rzymscy, nummularii, edyl, prefekt miasta, namiestnik prowincji, mensa nummularia
Roman bankers, nummularii, aedile, prefect of the City, governor, mensa nummularia
Opis:
The aim of the article is the analysis of the legal and literary sources referring to theissue of supervision over the activity of bankers (nummularii). The considerationscarried out proved that the aediles, provincial governors or Urbis praefectus, exercisedsupervision over the bankers. Each of these officials had separate competences aspart of the supervision of nummularii. The banker’s activity was important fromthe point of view of public interest, which is why it is not surprising that the Romanofficials held extensive control over the activity of bankers.
Celem artykułu jest analiza źródeł prawnych i literackich odnoszących się do kwestiinadzoru nad działalnością bankierów (nummularii). Przeprowadzone rozważaniadowiodły, że edylowie, namiestnicy prowincji lub praefectus Urbis, sprawowalinadzór nad bankierami. Każdy z tych urzędników posiadał oddzielne kompetencjew ramach nadzoru nad nummularii. Działalność bankiera była ważna z punktuwidzenia interesu publicznego, dlatego nie dziwi fakt, że rzymscy urzędnicysprawowali szeroką kontrolę nad tą sferą życia gospodarczego.
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2018, 17, 2; 87-100
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Janusz Marian Sondel (1937–2017)
Autorzy:
Niczyporuk, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2108991.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Źródło:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica; 2018, 17, 2; 243-245
1732-9132
2719-9991
Pojawia się w:
Miscellanea Historico-Iuridica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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