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Tytuł:
Grzyby wystepujace na zoledziach z objawami brunatnej plamistosci i mumifikacji
Autorzy:
Kwasna, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/817788.pdf
Data publikacji:
1997
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
zoledzie
grzyby
czynniki chorobotworcze
choroby nasion
mumifikacja nasion
lesnictwo
brunatna plamistosc zoledzi
czarna zgnilizna zoledzi
fitopatologia lesna
Źródło:
Sylwan; 1997, 141, 12; 15-22
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zdrowotność topoli na plantacjach w strefach ochronnych hut miedzi Legnica i Głogów
Health of poplars in plantations in the sanitary protection zones of Legnica and Glogow copper mills
Autorzy:
Kwaśna, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/987097.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
plantacje drzew lesnych
topola
Populus
stan zdrowotny drzew
strefa ochronna
Huta Miedzi Glogow
Huta Miedzi Legnica
zanieczyszczenia przemyslowe
cankers
fungi
copper smelter
poplar
sanitary zone
Opis:
The health status of 6−16−year−old poplars (mostly Populus robusta) in the sanitary protection zones around Legnica and Głogów copper mills (SW Poland) is described. The health of the poplars was assessed as a frequency of trees with symptoms of stem canker and occurrence of virus diseases on leaves. Fungi were isolated from 24 samples of canker wood (20×20×20 cm each) in five afforested complexes and then identified on the basis of colony morphology and sporulation on PDA and SNA after 40 days of incubation. Cankers occurred on <5−95% of poplar trees. Poplar mosaic virus was observed sporadically in collections of P. robusta, P. balsamifera and P. gerlica. The canker wood was colonized by 20 species of facultative pathogens. Acremonium pteridii, Exophiala sp. and Gibberella baccata were the most common and frequent (in 4−5 complexes). Aureobasidium pullulans, Epicoccum nigrum and Fusarium solani occurred in 3−4 complexes. Alternaria alternata, Cadophora fastigiata, Didymella molleriana, Fusicolla aquaeductuum, Gibberella avenacea, Graphium sp., Leptosphaeria maculans, Nectria inventa, Phoma herbarum, P. minutella, Sarocladium strictum, Trichosporon ovoides and Valsa sordida were less frequent and often occurred only locally. The fungi recorded may serve as indicators of the vitality and health status of trees in industrial zones. The best approach to eliminate the risk of colonization by pathogens is to maintain trees in a state of vigorous growth. Management practices that promote good growth include fertiliza− tion, watering during drought, avoidance of unnecessary wounding of trunk and roots, and using correct pruning procedures.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2017, 161, 08; 639-647
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Podatność drzew leśnych na opieńkową zgniliznę korzeni
The susceptibility of forest trees to Armillaria root rot
Autorzy:
Szynkiewicz, A.
Kwaśna, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973615.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
grzyby
choroby grzybowe
Armillaria
czynniki chorobotwórcze
podatność na choroby
leśnictwo
drzewa leśne
opieńkowa zginilizna korzeni
fitopatologia leśna
armillaria
susceptibility of trees
resistance
stress
Opis:
The susceptibility of forest trees to Armillaria butt and root rot is described. The paper characterises the most common Armillaria species and presents the mechanical, physiological and chemical mechanisms of plant resistance against Armillaria. The importance of stress as a cause of increased susceptibility of plants to infection is emphasised. Stress in plants may be caused by drought or an excess of water in the soil, inappropriate temperature, unsuitable soil pH, shortage of oxygen in the ground, wrong nutrition, lack of light, pollution of the soil or air, and the presence of damaging macro−, mezo− or microflora and fauna. Stress decreases the production of cambium in the affected area, the production of resins that limit colonisation, the intensity of photosynthesis, respiration and the transport of nutrients. Stress causes the hydrolysis of carbohydrates necessary for production of energy required for resistance responses, increases accumulation of glucose and other substances used by Armillaria, favours the degradation of phenols that limit colonization, increases susceptibility to other stress factors, and decreases regeneration of the trees.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2004, 143, 08; 25-33
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Therrya fuckelii and other fungi on stems and branches of Pinus sylvestris following lightning damage
Therrya fuckelii i inne grzyby na strzałach i gałęziach Pinus sylvestris uszkodzonych przez uderzenia pioruna
Autorzy:
Kwasna, H.
Lakomy, P.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/67840.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Opis:
The evidence-based hypothesis is presented that the stems and branches of Pinus sylvestris injured by lightning strikes are colonized first by Therrya fuckelii and successively by Diplodia pinea, Nectria fuckeliana, Hyaloscypha leuconica, Gremmeniella abietina and Cenangium ferruginosum. The concomitant occurrence of these usually pathogenic fungi on injured Pinus trees in Poland signals a potential for their increased significance in Europe during climatic changes.
Praca stara się udowodnić, że strzały i gałęzie sosny zwyczajnej uszkodzonej uderzeniami pioruna kolonizowane są przez Therrya fuckelii, a następnie przez Diplodia pinea, Nectria fuckeliana, Hyaloscypha leuconica, Gremmeniella abietina i Cenangium ferruginosum. Sukcesja i wspólne występowanie tych, w większości patogenicznych, grzybów na uszkodzonych sosnach sygnalizuje wzrost ich potencjału i znaczenia w Polsce i Europie. Wynikają one z obserwowanych ostatnio zmian klimatycznych i występowania pogody obfitującej w częste burze i wyładowania atmosferyczne.
Źródło:
Acta Mycologica; 2011, 46, 1
0001-625X
2353-074X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Mycologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Effects of fungi isolated from Quercus robur roots on growth of oak seedlings
Autorzy:
Kwasna, H.
Szewczyk, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/41173.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Dendrologii PAN
Tematy:
growth inhibition
fungi
endophyte
isolation
Quercus robur
root
plant growth
oak
seedling
Opis:
Effects of 62 isolates (of 41 taxa) of fungi on growth of 1-year-old oak (Quercus robur) seedlings were studied in an inoculation experiment. The fungi were isolated from roots of 80–96-year-old Q. robur that had been subjected to periodic flooding and had symptoms of oak decline. The fungal genera included Alternaria, Aspergillus, Calonectria, Chaetomium, Cladosporium, Clonostachys, Corynespora, Cylindrocarpon, Dicyma, Geotrichum, Ilyonectria, Isaria, Metarhizium, Oidiodendron, Ophiostoma, Pezicula, Phialocephala, Phialophora, Pyrenochaeta, Sporendocladia, Sporothrix, Thelonectria, Trichoderma and Trimmatostroma. Mycelial colonies of fungi growing in potato-dextrose broth were used for soil inoculation. Plant growth was assessed 2 years after inoculation, when the plants were 3 years old. Stem lengths, and dry weights of stems, roots and leaves were measured. Stem growth was inhibited by 31 isolates (50%) and root growth by 12 isolates (19%). Stem growth was stimulated by two isolates (3%) and root growth by 17 isolates (27%). The overall ratio of inhibitors to stimulants was 2.1. The proportion of taxa that inhibited stem growth was 16 times greater than that which promoted stem growth. The proportion of taxa that promoted root growth was only 1.5 times greater than that which inhibited root growth. The structure of the fungal communities in periodically flooded oak forests suggests that they are more likely to inhibit than to promote vigour in oaks.
Źródło:
Dendrobiology; 2016, 75
1641-1307
Pojawia się w:
Dendrobiology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ocena mikologiczna zmian zachodzacych w glebie gruntu porolnego po dodaniu trocin iglastych
Autorzy:
Sierota, Z.
Kwasna, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/825078.pdf
Data publikacji:
1999
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
wlasciwosci chemiczne
grzyby
uprawa roli
mikroorganizmy glebowe
gleby
grunty porolne
trociny iglaste
lesnictwo
dodatki do gleb
aktywnosc biologiczna
uprawy lesne
Źródło:
Sylwan; 1999, 143, 04; 57-66
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Przyczyny zamierania siewek i mlodych sadzonek debu w Nadlesnictwie Smolarz
Autorzy:
Kwasna, H
Siwecki, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/816692.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
zamieranie roslin
grzyby
czynniki chorobotworcze
dab bezszypulkowy
Nadlesnictwo Smolarz
Quercus petraea
sadzonki
korzenie
lesnictwo
siewki
drzewa lesne
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2002, 146, 01; 91-107
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie regionu ITS1/2 rDNA i 18S rDNA do badania mykobioty gleby leśnej
Use of ITS1/2 rDNA and 18S rDNA in studies of the forest soil mycobiota
Autorzy:
Behnke-Borowczyk, J.
Kwaśna, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989532.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
gleby lesne
mikroorganizmy glebowe
grzyby glebowe
struktura zbiorowisk
metody badan
metody molekularne
DNA rybosomalny
region ITS1/2
region 18S
detection
forest
its1/2 rdna
ns1
ns2
18s rdna
microorganisms
mycobiota
soil
Opis:
The aim of the studies was to check the usefulness of ITS1/2 rDNA and 18S rDNA regions in the molecular investigation of forest soil microbiota structure. Soil studied, originated from a 1−year−old plantation and a 40−year old stand of Scots pine located in Bierzwnik and Międzychów forest districts located 200 km apart. The hypothesis assumed that both approaches lead to the discovery of abundant microbiota communities with different structures and with rare common species. The environmental DNA was extracted with a Power Soil ® DNA Isolation Kit from two soil samples in each site. The ITS1/2 rDNA was amplified with specific primers ITS1 and ewfitsrev 1, and 18S rDNA with universal primers NS1 and NS2. PCR products were cloned into pGEM−T Easy. Inserts were primarily selected in blue/white screening on a X−gal medium. Representative clones were further selected in two separate RFLP analyses with HhaI and BsuRI restriction enzymes. Representative clones purified and sequenced using the Sanger Method in the DNA Research Centre (Poznań). Each sequence was identified to the lowest taxonomic rank. Ninety to 233 clones with DNA of 5−44 taxa including 3−37 taxa of fungi were obtained from 4 samples of soil. After application of ITS1/2 rDNA and 18S rDNA, the fungal DNA was detected respectively in 89,60−100,00% and 11,77−64,8% clones and the number of fungal species detected was respectively 12−37 and 3−19. Fungi were represented by four orders: Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Both primers also amplified also DNA of other organisms (mostly from Animalia and Protista Kingdom) represented by 0−9 taxa. If compared, the application of forest soil microbiota structure with ITS1/2 rDNA and 18S rDNA led to detect a lower abundance of fungi and a bigger abundance of other organisms. Considering the higher number of clones and taxa recognized, the region of ITS1/2 rDNA was more effective in the studies of the soil microbiota structure. The region of 18S rDNA was efficient in local detection of Chytridiomycota and Zygomycota and of rare species of fungi from Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. Despite the deficiency of NCBI database the use of the 18S rDNA region in studies on fungal community the region should be included in molecular studies of fungal diversity. It is concluded that studies on the biodiversity of soil microorganisms need the application of a few independent methods of detection and identification.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2016, 160, 07; 564-572
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Grzyby glebowe i ich znaczenie
Significance of the soil fungi
Autorzy:
Behnke-Borowczyk, J.
Kwaśna, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1009423.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
gleby
mikrobiologia gleb
grzyby glebowe
funkcje biologiczne
fungi
soil
Opis:
Fungi in soil perform important services related to nutrient cycling, water dynamics and disease suppression. Along with bacteria, they are important as decomposers in the soil food network. Fungi convert hard−to−digest organic material into forms that other organisms can use. They can immobilize or retain nutrients in the soil. Secondary fungal metabolites have the fungistatic properties and are used in biocontrol processes. The hyphae physically binds soil particles together, creating stable aggregates that help increase water infiltration and soil water retention capacity. Fungi help to increase the accumulation of humic−acid rich organic matter that is resistant to degradation and may stay in the soil for hundreds of year.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2010, 154, 12; 846-850
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ metodyki badań na ocenę struktury zbiorowisk mikroorganizmów w glebie leśnej
Effect of the methodology of studies on the structure of the microorganisms communities in the forest soil
Autorzy:
Behnke-Borowczyk, J.
Kwaśna, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989286.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
gleby lesne
mikroorganizmy glebowe
grzyby mikroskopowe
struktura zbiorowisk
metodyka badan
metody klasyczne
metody molekularne
startery NS1
startery NS2
DNA
region 18S
classical method of isolation
fungi
microorganisms
ns1
ns2
18s rdna
soil
Opis:
Two different communities of microorganisms were identified in soils by application of the classical method of fungi isolation (soil dilution, culturing on artificial media, morphotyping) and a molecular method (extraction of the environmental DNA, amplification with universal primers NS1 and NS2, cloning and sequencing of representative clones). No organisms were common to both communities. Apart from rare representatives of the Animalia, communities included single fungus−like Eucarya belonging to the Protista, Class Oomycota, and numerous fungi belonging to Chytridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota and Basidiomycota orders. In total, 88 species were identified in four soil samples. Fungi were mostly Ascomycota. The classical method was particularly effective in detection of fungi important for creation of phytosanitary conditions of soil, i.e. antagonists (Penicillium, Tolypocladium and Trichoderma) and potential stimulants (dark−pigmented Hormiactis candida, Humicola spp. and Phialophora spp.) of phytopathogens (including the common forest genera Armillaria and Heterobasidion). Application of the classical method allowed the detection of mycorrhizal Ascomycota from the genus Oidiodendron. Application of the molecular method allowed the detection of 13 mycorrhizal Basidiomycota. Although primers NS1 and NS2 were designed from a match with DNA of culturable organisms, they also amplified the DNA of non−culturable organisms. This emphasizes their potential usefulness in studies of the biodiversity of microorganisms in environmental samples. The shortage of reference sequences in the database discourages use of the 18S rDNA region in studies on fungal communities. The studies on the biodiversity of microorganisms need the application of a few independent methods of detection and identification.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2016, 160, 06; 492-503
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Goidanichiella sphaerospora, the worlds second record
Goidanichiella sphaerospora, drugie stanowisko na świecie
Autorzy:
Kwasna, H.
Behnke-Borowczyk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/66920.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Botaniczne
Opis:
Aspecimen of Goidanichiella sphaerospora was found in Pinus sylvestris forest soil in Międzychód, northwestern Poland (52.601, 15.889883), in October 2009. This is the world’s second record of G. sphaerospora. Bimorphic conidial heads and conidia are reported for the first time. Goidanichiella sphaerospora forms Aspergillus- and Penicillium-like conidial heads. Conidia formed at +24oC are oval to ellipsoidal, often apiculate, smooth, rather thick-walled, hyaline, with one oil drop inside, 3-4 × 2-3 μm. Additional ellipsoidal to cylindrical, thin-walled, 4-6.5 (-8) × 2-3.0 μm conidia are formed only after incubation for at least 7 days at +4oC in darkness.
Goidanichiella sphaerospora znaleziono w glebie leśnej, w młodniku Pinus sylvestris, w Międzychodzie (Polska północna, 52.601, 15.889883), w październiku 2009. Jest to drugie stanowisko tego grzyba na świecie. Poprzednio grzyba stwierdzono w glebie leśnej w Japonii. Grzyb tworzy zarodniki konidialne na bimorficznych konidioforach przypominających konidiofory Aspergillus i Penicillium. Wystepują dwa rodzaje zarodników. W temperaturze 24oC, na PDA i SNA , tworzą się konidia, które są owalne do eliptycznych, ostro zakończone u podstawy, gładkie, grubościenne, hialinowe, z jedną kroplą wewnątrz, 3-4 × 2-3 μm. W temperaturze 4oC, przy braku światła, tworzą się dodatkowe konidia, które są eliptyczne do cylindrycznych, cienkościenne, 4-6,5 (-8) × 2-3,0 μm.
Źródło:
Acta Mycologica; 2010, 45, 1
0001-625X
2353-074X
Pojawia się w:
Acta Mycologica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Fungal communities in barren forest soil after amendment with different wood substrates and their possible effects on trees’, pathogens, insects and nematodes
Autorzy:
Malecka, M.
Kwasna, H.
Szewczyk, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/66846.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
fungi community
barren soil
forest soil
wood
substrate
tree
pathogen
insect
nematode
soil fungi
organic matter
Armillaria
Heterobasidion
Opis:
Scots pine sawdust, composted bark or coarse, post-harvest woody debris from conifers had been spread over the surface of barren forest soil before planting with Scots pine. The effects of the Scots pine sawdust, composted bark or coarse, post-harvest woody debris from conifers on the abundance and diversity of culturable fungi were investigated. The amendments were aimed at increasing the soil suppressiveness to Armillaria and Heterobasidion. The classical soil-dilution method was chosen for qualitative and quantitative analyses of fungal communities in soils because of its proven reliability and consistency. The soil was inhabited by saprotrophic fungi from Ascomycota and Zygomycota, including species known to be potential antagonists of Armillaria or H. annosum (i.e. Clonostachys + Trichoderma spp., Penicillium commune, P. daleae, P. janczewskii) or stimulants of Armillaria (i.e. Pseudogymnoascus roseus, Trichocladium opacum). Eleven years after treatment, the abundance and diversity of fungi, the abundance of P. commune, and locally the abundance of P. janczewskii increased, while Clonostachys + Trichoderma spp., and locally, P. daleae and T. opacum decreased. Amending the barren soil with organic matter does not guarantee effective, long-term suppressiveness of the sandy loam soil to Armillaria and Heterobasidion. Increased abundance of entomopathogenic and nematophagous species, 11 years after treatment, does suggest the long-term possibility of insect or nematode control in soil.
Źródło:
Journal of Plant Protection Research; 2015, 55, 3
1427-4345
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Plant Protection Research
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Grzyby saproksyliczne w resztkach pozrębowych sosny zwyczajnej
Saproxylic fungi in the Scots pine woody debris
Autorzy:
Kwaśna, H.
Łakomy, P.
Gornowicz, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989591.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
sosna zwyczajna
Pinus sylvestris
zreby
pozostalosci zrebowe
mikologia
grzyby saproksyliczne
drewno martwe
biodegradacja
deadwood quality and amount
nutritional preferences
saproxylic fungi
succession
Opis:
Awareness of the importance of the presence of deadwood in forest ecosystems has increased in recent decades. Today, deadwood is not only recognized as a key element in carbon sequestration, nutrient supply and water retention, but is also known to be a reservoir of saproxylic species (species associated with the decay of wood on living and dead trees). The amount of deadwood in clear−cut forest is currently higher than 100 years ago. The issue of how much deadwood and of what quality (including size) there should be in order to promote the conservation of saproxylic biodiversity and sustainable forest management is still vivid. Mycological analyses to determine (i) structure of fungal communities in Scots pine wood debris, (ii) sources and reservoirs of fungi, (iii) nutritional preferences of fungi, and (iv) potential rate and dynamics of wood decomposition were carried out on an ‘old' and ‘fresh' wood (stumps, branches and boughs) from Jedwabno Forest District (north−eastern Poland). Fungi from 62 wood samples were isolated on two artificial media (PDA and SNA) and identified according to their morphology. Eleven species of Zygomycota, 79 of Ascomycota and 15 of Basidiomycota were detected. The majority of species (91%) colonized many samples. Only 9% of species colonized single samples only. The most common species, with high rates of colonization, included Acremonium spp., Alternaria sp., Aspergillus spp., Aureobasidium pullulans, Cladosporium spp., Epicoccum nigrum, Lecythophora spp., Mariannaea elegans, Ophiostoma + Sporothrix spp., Penicillium spp., Phialocephala spp., Phialophora spp., Phlebiopsis gigantea, Phoma spp., Sarocladium strictum, Scytalidium lignicola, Sydowia polyspora, Trichoderma spp. (mainly T. harzianum and T. viride) and Umbelopsis spp. A few species occurred only on stumps or only on branches. More species occurred on 'old' wood than on 'fresh' wood. The average level of sample colonization by a single fungal species was higher (non−significantly) on 'old' than on 'fresh' wood, and on branches than on stumps. The results show that deadwood is a habitat for many fungal species that occur in succession. The presence of deadwood in clear−cut forest and in its neighborhood is necessary for the conservation of saproxylic fungal diversity and ecological sustainability of forests.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2016, 160, 05; 355-364
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Gatunki Phytophthora i Pythium w glebie i w korzeniach dębu szypułkowego na terenach popowodziowych w Nadleśnictwie Wołów
Phytophthora and Pythium species in soils and in roots of the pedunculate oaks in periodically flooded areas in Wolow Forest District
Autorzy:
Kwaśna, H.
Szewczyk, W.
Behnke-Borowczyk, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/989782.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Leśne
Tematy:
lesnictwo
tereny pokleskowe
tereny popowodziowe
drzewostany debowe
drzewa lesne
dab szypulkowy
Quercus robur
korzenie
gleby lesne
grzyby
Phytophthora
Phytium
wystepowanie
Nadlesnictwo Wolow
pedunculate oak
fungi
globisporangium
oomycota
flood
phytophthora
pythium
Opis:
Phytophthora and Pythium species (Oomycota) are known to be serious pathogens of forest trees. Little is known, however, about their presence in Polish oak forests and their role in the oak decline, especially in the flooded areas. The aim of this study was (1) to detect and compare populations of microorganisms from Oomycota and fungi in roots and soil of healthy and declining pedunculate 30−126 years old oak stands, which had been flooded by the Odra River for three months in 1997 and one month in 2010, (2) to demonstrate the relationship between different chemical factors of soil and the occurrence of microorganisms, and (3) to assess the contribution of Oomycota to oak decline. Study was carried out in Wołów Forest District (south−western Poland). Microorganisms were isolated from fine (1−5 mm in diameter) roots and non−rhizosphere soil collected from 0−50 cm horizon. Isolation procedure from roots included surface sterilization and plating the root segments on the nutrient agar. An oak leaf baiting method was used for isolation of Oomycota from soil. Identification of microorganisms was based on morphology and sequencing of the ITS1/2 rDNA. Oomycota was represented by: Globisporangium, Phytophthora and Pythium and fungi mostly by: Aspergillus, Chaetosphaeria, Cylindrocarpon, Mortierella, Mucor, Penicillium, Trichoderma and Umbelopsis. Globisporangium attrantheridium (syn. Pythium attrantheridium) occurred locally and was found in roots of only one flooded oak. This is the first record of this species on oak and in Poland. G. intermedium, P. gibbosa/P. gregata, P. plurivora and Pythium sp. were found in soil of flooded and non−flooded (control) oak stands. The organisms occurred in podzolized brown soils, brown alluvial soils and gley soils that had most nitrogen (21−60 mg/kg), various amounts of calcium (61.1−347.6 mg/100g) and moderate acidity (pH=3.85−4.2). There was often a significant association between exposure to flood and the health status of oak trees assessed by the scale of defoliation. Oomycota seemed to be only moderately associated with increased tree defoliation as a symptom of oak decline.
Źródło:
Sylwan; 2015, 159, 07; 531-539
0039-7660
Pojawia się w:
Sylwan
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 31

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