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    Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4
    Tytuł:
    Stosunki turecko-ormiańskie w świetle opinii tureckiej
    Turkish-Armenian Relations in the Light of Turkish Opinion
    Autorzy:
    Chmielowska, Danuta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558299.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2017
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
    Tematy:
    Armenians,
    Armenia,
    Turkey,
    Genocide of Armenians,
    Turkish-Armenian Negotiations
    Opis:
    Turkey, as a state operating in accordance with the well-known saying by its first President, Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, Evde sulh cihanda sulh, and aspiring to good relations with all its neighbours, started negotiations on establishing diplomatic relations with Armenians in 2009, using Switzerland as a mediator. Armenia’s increasing economic and financial dependency on Russia contributes to the growing poverty in widening social circles in the country, which are to a certain extent interested in opening the border with Turkey. Cross-border trading could improve the material situation of many Armenians. Turkey, on the other hand, aspires – although not unanimously – to join the European Union, who is pressuring it to raise the standards of, among other things, democratic behaviour towards its ethnic minorities; the current Turkish government is therefore very interested in softening and regulating its relations also with Armenia (who wants to strengthen its relations with Europe), which would be very well received by the West and to a certain extent move forward the difficult process of integrating Turkey with the EU. Therefore in both countries, Armenia and Turkey, the trends towards establishing diplomatic relations and open the borders have been growing recently. This was supported by the pressure from the USA, as the American diplomacy was making efforts to bring both feuding countries to start negotiating.
    Źródło:
    Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2017, 4; 203-218
    1428-149X
    2719-3780
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    The Evolution of the Socio-political Situation of the Republic of Türkiye in the 20th Century - Efforts Towards the Europeanisation of the Society and State
    Autorzy:
    Chmielowska, Danuta
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2131130.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2022-10-10
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
    Tematy:
    Democracy
    Kemal Ataturk
    Türkiye
    Turkey
    Ottoman Empire
    Opis:
    The events related to the collapse of the Ottoman Empire and the proclamation of the Republic of Türkiye contributed to a complete departure from the system of constitutional monarchy in favour of a parliamentary democracy. Owing to the decisions on Europeanisation and implemented reforms, i.e., adopting a Civil Code based on the Swiss code, a Criminal Code reflecting the Italian code, a Commercial Code underpinned by the German code (1924), and the transition to the Latin alphabet which replaced Arabic (1928), as well as education reforms (1925), women's suffrage (1934), and the introduction of surnames (1935), etc. the Turkish people became a European society, aware of their rights and obligations. The transition from a singleparty regime to a multi-party period (1946) allowed for democracy to be consolidated. Türkiye's participation in strictly European and international political and military organisations was of vital significance and turned the country into an extremely important state. Its failed efforts to join the EEC, and, subsequently, the European Union, resulted in Türkiye abandoning its interest in this form of cooperation (1997). The socio-political transformations that took place in the 20th century, highlighted in this article, characterise this dynamically changing period. The evolution of the views of Turkish society was clearly marked in the second half of the 20th century, which led to serious changes in the mindsets of the Turkish people and completely altered the image of the country post-2002, allowing the newly established Justice and Development Party to assume power (2002).
    Źródło:
    Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2022, 26, 3; 7-29
    1428-149X
    2719-3780
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Demokracja po turecku
    Democracy in Turkish Style
    Autorzy:
    Chmielowska, Danuta
    Sobczak, Mikołaj
    Powiązania:
    https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/558031.pdf
    Data publikacji:
    2016
    Wydawca:
    Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
    Tematy:
    Ottoman Empire
    Turkey
    Democracy
    Constitution
    Opis:
    The text is an attempt to present the democratization’s process of the Republic of Turkey. The Republic was proclaimed in 1923. In the introduction the authors recalled an earlier period, namely the second half of XIXth century, when in the Ottoman Empire had occured the ideas of constitutional order (1876). The Empire had been looking for ways and means to join the modern world following earlier examples of European monarchies.The next period- the fi rst half of XXth century – was marked by the Republic of Turkey.There are striking similarities between emerging the Republic of Turkey and the Second Polish Republic. The emergences not only took place at the same time but also had been driven by similar factors and processes. In the both cases countries were led by great personalities, who had not belonged to the core nations, which they headed to democracy. The both leaders had to face powers willing to destroy young democracies and unfriendly attitudes of the Western powers.They both also „miraculously” saved their countries when enemies’ troops were close to the capitals. After the World War II our ways to democracy were different. Today, however, we can see that the ways led in the same direction and theywere infl uenced by similar circumstances. Perhaps these circumstances have caused that the political developments in both countries are almost identical. 1. The both above mentioned leaders at the beginning of the last century made coup d’etat by military force. 2. In Poland, after WWII politicians had been under the supervision of „brotherly neighbor”. In Turkey the supervision was performed by the military. Perhaps it created longing for a new leader. 3. In both countries the roles of religion and its institutions were marginalized. Perhaps this stimulated desire for a chief motivated by the faith. Perhaps it is not a coincidence that both Poland and Turkey are looked upon by the West as countries leading in democratic transformations in their respective regions, which for obscure reasons have started to move towards an authoritarian rule. In both cases foreign observers talk about the lack of understanding of the essence of democracy, which is a consensus by the societies as well as by the ruling elites. In each state power is exercised by a single party of chieftain character and the permanent expansion of power at the expence of democratic institutions has been justified as the will of nation as a whole.
    Źródło:
    Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2016, 4; 205-232
    1428-149X
    2719-3780
    Pojawia się w:
    Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
    Dostawca treści:
    Biblioteka Nauki
    Artykuł
    Tytuł:
    Zgrupowanie AK majora "Bartkiewicza"
    Autorzy:
    Kledzik, Maciej.
    Data publikacji:
    2002
    Wydawca:
    Warszawa : Środowisko Zgrupowania mjr. "Bartkiewicza" przy Światowym Związku Żołnierzy Armii Krajowej
    Tematy:
    Chmielowska-Marcjanek Danuta M. (1926- ) biografia
    Chmielowska-Marcjanek, Danuta M.
    Armia Krajowa. Okręg Warszawa. Obwód VI Warszawa-Praga służba zdrowia kobiety (żołnierze) biografie
    Obóz przejściowy w Pruszkowie biografie
    Armia Krajowa. Grupa Śródmieście Północ - "Radwan". Zgrupowanie "Bartkiewicz". II Kompania "Bohuna" służba zdrowia kobiety (żołnierze) biografie
    Służba wojskowa kobiet Polska 1939-1945 r.
    Opis:
    W konspiracji w Obwodzie VI Praga. W Powstaniu sanitariuszka w szpitalu polowym w Arbeitsamcie przy II kompanii Zgrupowania "Bartkiewicza". Po kapitulacji wyszła z ludnością cywilną do obozu w Pruszkowie, uciekła z transportu.
    S. 567, Chmielowska-Marcjanek Danuta Maria.
    Bibliogr. s. 539-549.
    Dostawca treści:
    Bibliografia CBW
    Książka
      Wyświetlanie 1-4 z 4

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