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Tytuł:
Influence of the Initiation Energy on theVelocity of Detonation of ANFO Explosive
Autorzy:
Bohanek, V.
Dobrilović, M.
Škrlec, V.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358833.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
ANFO
initiation energy
velocity detonation
Opis:
ANFO explosives have been widely used for blasting operations in mining and civil engineering. From a scientific point of view, ANFO is interesting due to its non-ideal detonation. There are numerous factors that affect the velocity of detonation of ANFO explosives. This paper presents measured velocities of detonation of ANFO explosives initiated by various initiation methods and initiation energies. ANFO explosives were tested in steel pipes, and detonators and boosters of different masses and initiation energies were used for initiation. The initiation energy of a detonator was determined using the underwater initiation capability test. The influence of the equivalent shock energy and the equivalent bubble energy on the velocity of detonation of ANFO was also determined. These measured results contribute to a better understanding of the non-ideal detonation of ANFO explosives.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2013, 10, 4; 555-568
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of explosive charge temperature on the velocity of detonation of ANFO explosives
Autorzy:
Dobrilović, M.
Bohanek, V.
Žganec, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358379.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
ANFO
temperature
velocity of detonation
Opis:
ANFO is the most common explosive for civil use in the fields of mining and civil engineering. The effect of the explosive and the quantity of energy released by the detonation depends on the velocity of detonation. The influence on explosive performance of a large number of physical aspects of ANFO explosives and the conditions of initiation during blasting operations are mostly known, but the influence of the charge temperature on the velocity of detonation is not known. In order to quantify that influence, research on laboratory samples of smaller diameter and field samples of larger diameter, detonated in steel pipes, has been carried out. By processing and analysing the measured results the influence of charge temperature on the velocity of detonation of ANFO explosive has been determined.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 2; 191-197
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of Explosive Charge Diameter on the Detonation Velocity Based on Emulinit 7L and 8L Bulk Emulsion Explosives
Autorzy:
Mertuszka, P.
Cenian, B.
Kramarczyk, B.
Pytel, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358708.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
blasting works
explosives
velocity of detonation
Opis:
One of the main parameters describing the properties of explosives is the velocity of detonation, which can be defined as the propagation speed of the chemical reaction zone in the detonating explosive. The detonation velocity of an explosive depends on many parameters, such as the material’s density or diameter and the shell of an explosive, plus the degree of crystal fragmentation, the initiation method and the content of particular components. The effectiveness of blasting work in underground mines depends primarily on the proper selection of the hole diameter, hole length, the distance between the holes and the delays of the detonators used. This article presents the results of studies investigating the influence of the diameter of a bulk emulsion explosive charge on the detonation velocity using a MicroTrapTM VOD/Data Recorder manufactured by MREL, Canada. The underground tests were developed in the “Polkowice-Sieroszowice” copper mine in Poland.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2018, 15, 2; 351-363
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Study on the Detonation Parameters of Aluminized Explosives Based on a Disequilibrium Multiphase Model
Autorzy:
Pei, H.
Nie, J.
Jiao, Q.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358535.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
nonideal explosives
velocity of detonation
detonation pressure
relaxation timescale
Opis:
Detonation models are usually based on the classical Euler equations of gas dynamics under the assumption of thermodynamic equilibrium. However reported data show the Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) detonation parameters of nonideal explosives based on thermodynamic equilibrium codes are significantly different from experimental results. Based on the conventional CJ model, a new multiphase flow model, not in thermal equilibrium, was considered in this study. This approach was applied to compute the velocity of detonation for several aluminized explosives. The predictions are better than the CJ equilibrium model and are in excellent agreement with experimental data. All of the deviations for the velocity of detonation (VOD) are less than 4%.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 4; 491-500
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Influence of a Primer on the Velocity of Detonation of ANFO and Heavy ANFO Blends
Autorzy:
Žganec, S.
Bohanek, V.
Dobrilović, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/951497.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
ANFO
Heavy ANFO
primer
velocity of detonation
Opis:
ANFO is the most common explosive for civil use in the fields of mining and civil engineering. Some properties of ANFO, like poor water resistance, low density and low velocity of detonation can be improved by mixing ANFO with a certain percentage of an emulsion. These explosives are called Heavy ANFO blends. This paper presents a study of the influence of a primer on the velocity of detonation of ANFO and Heavy ANFO blends. Three types of primers were used for the initiation of the explosives and the velocity of detonation was measured in situ by a continuous method. Based on the results of these measurements, the relationship between the detonation velocity of the primer used and the detonation velocity of the primed explosive were established.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 3; 694-704
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pomiar prędkości detonacji MW w otworze strzałowym z zastosowaniem aparatury MicroTrap
Measurement the velocity of detonation of an explosive placed in the borehole, using apparatus MicroTrap
Autorzy:
Batko, P.
Pyra, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/350046.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
prędkość detonacji
materiały wybuchowe
velocity of detonation
explosives
Opis:
W artykule krótko omówiono najważniejsze czynniki wpływające na jeden z najważniejszych parametrów charakteryzujących materiały wybuchowe, a mianowicie na prędkość detonacji. Przedstawiono również sposób pomiaru prędkości detonacji materiału wybuchowego umieszczonego w otworze strzałowym, z wykorzystaniem aparatury pomiarowej MicroTrap.
The article briefly discusses some factors affecting one of the most important parameters characterizing the explosives, namely the velocity of detonation. Also demonstrates how to measure the velocity of detonation of an explosive placed in the borehole, using the measuring apparatus MicroTrap.
Źródło:
Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria; 2010, 34, 4; 57-66
1732-6702
Pojawia się w:
Górnictwo i Geoinżynieria
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Prediction of Detonation Pressure and Velocity of Explosives with Micrometer Aluminum Powders
Autorzy:
Zhang, Q.
Chang, Y.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358334.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
aluminized explosives
detonation pressure
nonideal explosives
detonation velocity
Opis:
The data reported shows that the Chapman-Jouguet (CJ) detonation parameters of non-ideal explosives calculated from existing thermodynamic computer codes are significantly different from experimental results. We use CJ detonation theory to present a new approach predicting detonation pressure and velocity of aluminized explosives by thermodynamic detonation theory. There is no need to use the assumption of full and partial equilibrium of aluminum powder in reaction zones in the new approach. In this work the best agreement with experimental data was obtained by adjusting the parameter k in the Becker- Kistiakosky-Wilson equations of state (BKW-EOS). The detonation pressure and velocity values calculated by the present method agree well with the experimental results. All of the deviations for the calculated pressures of aluminized explosives are less than 9% and those for the detonation velocities are less than 7%.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2012, 9, 1; 77-86
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Studies on Empirical Approaches for Estimation of Detonation Velocity of High Explosives
Autorzy:
Shekhar, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358324.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
explosives
detonation
velocity of detonation (VOD)
empirical
density
heat of formation
Opis:
Despite many computer based codes like CHEETAH, TIGER, RUBY, BKW, etc. the velocity of detonation (VOD) for explosive molecules and explosive mixtures (formulations) is estimated by several empirical formulations. This article discusses various approaches for the estimation of the velocity of detonation by empirical mathematical equations. The formulation proposed by Kamlet in 1968 is the oldest one and it is confirmed to be more reliable by many subsequent researchers. The method proposed by Rothstein (1978), Xiong (1985), Stein (1990), Keshavarz (2006) are discussed and compared for conventional explosive molecules like RDX, HMX, TNT, PETN, and HNS. The values of the velocity of detonation for these molecules are found to be very close to each other. Further comparison of empirical mathematical formulations was carried out for four other explosive molecules of relatively recent origin (CL-20, FOX-7, TATB and NTO). These molecules were selected as they were unknown at the time of the proposed formulations except that by Keshavarz (2006). For CL-20, the velocity of detonation by different methods is 9345.1 m/s (Kamlet), 9378.8 m/s (Rothstein), 9116.0 m/s (Xiong), 9383.7 m/s (Stein) and 9887.9 m/s (Keshavarz) respectively. The method proposed by Keshavarz gives a higher value of the velocity of detonation than the others. For FOX-7, the values are 8636.6 m/s (Kamlet), 8733.3 m/s (Rothstein), 8766.1 m/s (Xiong), 8645.0 m/s (Stein) and 8245.3 m/s (Keshavarz) respectively. In this case the Keshavarz approach gives a lower value of the velocity of detonation. For these molecules, the results by the Xiong method is very close to that obtained by the Kamlet method. Deviation, as well as dispersion of the calculated values by other methods, is on the high side.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2012, 9, 1; 39-48
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oznaczanie prędkości detonacji wybranych idealnych materiałów wybuchowych przy użyciu metody ciągłej i odcinkowej
Determination of the Detonation Velocity of Selected Ideal Explosives by the Use of Continuous and Start-stop Methods
Autorzy:
Mertuszka, Piotr
Pytlik, Mateusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1861225.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Górnictwa
Tematy:
materiały wybuchowe
prędkość detonacji
explosives
velocity of detonation
VOD
Opis:
W trakcie oznaczania prędkości detonacji górniczych materiałów wybuchowych przy użyciu urządzenia MicroTrap pojawiło się wiele wątpliwości dotyczących dokładności otrzymywanych wyników pomiarów ze względu na zastosowany materiał badawczy. W związku z powyższym przeprowadzono serię pomiarów prędkości detonacji idealnych materiałów wybuchowych (oktogen flegmatyzowany, heksogen flegmatyzowany, trotyl) przy użyciu Explometru Wielokanałowego oraz rejestratora MicroTrap. W trakcie badań, te same ładunki materiału wybuchowego i w tych samych warunkach zostały uzbrojone sondami do obu systemów pomiarowych. W ramach artykułu przedstawiono wyniki pomiarów prędkości detonacji idealnych materiałów wybuchowych przeprowadzonych metodą ciągłą i odcinkową (zwarciową).
During the measurements of the detonation velocity of mining explosives using the MicroTrap VOD/Data Recorder, many doubts arose regarding the accuracy of the results obtained. Consequently, a series of detonation velocity tests of ideal explosives (phlegmatized HMX, phlegmatized RDX, TNT) by the use of multi-channel Explomet and MicroTrap recorder were carried out. The same explosives under the same conditions were fitted with continuous and start-stop probes during the tests. The article presents the results of detonation velocity measurements of ideal explosives carried out by the use of continuous and start-stop methods (short-circuit).
Źródło:
Przegląd Górniczy; 2020, 76, 6; 8-14
0033-216X
Pojawia się w:
Przegląd Górniczy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Detonation Parameters of PlSEM Plastic Explosive
Autorzy:
Cardoso, Aline Anastacio
Selesovsky, Jakub
Künzel, Martin
Kucera, Jindrich
Pachman, Jiri
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358518.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
Detonation velocity
PlSEM
plastic explosive
detonation pressure
cylinder test
Opis:
PlSEM is a plastic explosive based on RDX, PETN and a non-explosive binder, and is used in linear shaped charges for demolition purposes. Its experimentally obtained detonation parameters are presented in the present paper. The detonation velocity was measured for cylindrical charges of various diameters, with and without confinement. The detonation pressure and particle velocity were determined using an impedance window matching technique, and cylinder tests were used to obtain the parameters of the JWL equation of state of the detonation products. Detonation velocities from 7.75 to 8.05 km·s–1 were obtained for unconfined charges with diameters from 4 to 8 mm, and from 8.15 to 8.24 km·s–1 for charges with 25 mm diameter. The experimentally determined detonation pressure was found to be 24.6 GPa.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2019, 16, 4; 487-503
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Role of Product Composition in Determining Detonation Velocity and Detonation Pressure
Autorzy:
Politzer, P.
Murray, J. S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358258.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
detonation velocity
detonation pressure
density
detonation product composition
detonation heat release
Opis:
Four sets of rules for predicting the detonation product compositions of explosives have been investigated: the Kamlet-Jacobs, the KistiakowskyWilson, the modified Kistiakowsky-Wilson and the Springall-Roberts. These can result, for a given compound, in significantly differing detonation products and amounts of heat release. However the resulting detonation velocities D and detonation pressures P obtained for the compound using the Kamlet-Jacobs equations are generally quite similar, with the Kamlet-Jacobs rules leading to the D and P that are, on average, closest to the experimental. The fact that the variations among the D and P values are relatively small can be attributed to a balancing of opposing effects relating to the quantities of gaseous products and the heat releases. Accordingly, obtaining reasonable accuracy for D and P does not necessarily imply corresponding accuracy for the product composition and heat release that were used. The analysis presented explains the observations that D and P can be correlated with loading density alone, even though product compositions are known to change with density.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2014, 11, 4; 459-474
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
OPTIMEX: Measurement of Detonation Velocity with a Passive Optical Fibre System
Autorzy:
Pachmáň, J.
Künzel, M.
Kubát, K.
Šelešovský, J.
Maršálek, R.
Pospíšil, M.
Kubíček, M.
Prokeš, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358710.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
velocity of detonation
VOD
optical fibre
passive VOD measurement
OPTIMEX
Opis:
Detonation velocity (VOD) is one of the most important parameters describing the detonation process of a particular explosive. This article summarizes some peculiarities that we have come across when building and testing our new passive optical VOD meter – OPTIMEX. The advantages of using multiple probes with independent signal recording is discussed. The practical issues related to an explosive’s translucency are solved. Finally, a new method for detonation velocity data evaluation is proposed and demonstrated.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 1; 233-250
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Detonation Performance of Four Groups of Aluminized Explosives
Autorzy:
Xiang, D.-L.
Rong, J.-L.
He, X.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358148.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
aluminized explosive
detonation pressure
detonation velocity
heat of detonation
KHT code
Opis:
The detonation performances of TNT-, RDX-, HMX-, and RDX/AP-based aluminized explosives were examined through detonation experiments. The detonation pressure, velocity, and heat of detonation of the four groups of aluminized explosives were measured. Reliability verification was conducted for the experimental results and for those calculated with an empirical formula and the KHT code. The test results on detonation pressures and velocities were in good agreement with the predicted values when aluminum (Al) particles were considered inert. The experimental heat of detonation values exhibited good consistency with the predicted values when a certain proportion of Al particles was active. Ammonium perchlorate (AP) can effectively reduce the detonation pressure and improve the heat of detonation for the RDX/AP-based aluminized explosive. A comparison of the current test results and literature data shows that errors may exist in early test data. The test data presented in this study allow for an improved understanding of the detonation performance of the four groups of aluminized explosives.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2016, 13, 4; 903-915
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Explosive Properties of Melt Cast Erythritol Tetranitrate (ETN)
Autorzy:
Künzel, M.
Matyáš, R.
Vodochodský, O.
Pachman, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358875.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
sensitivity
detonation velocity
melt cast
erythritol tetranitrate
Gurney velocity
Opis:
Erythritol tetranitrate (ETN) is a low melting, solid, nitrate ester with significant explosive properties. The increased availability of its precursor (erythritol), which is now used as a sweetener, has attracted attention to the possible misuse of ETN as an improvised explosive. However, ETN also has some potential to be used as a component of military explosives or propellants. This article focuses on the properties of melt-cast ETN. The sensitivity of the compound towards impact and friction was tested. The explosive performance was evaluated, based on cylinder expansion tests and detonation velocity measurements. The impact energy and friction force required for 50% probability of initiation was 3.79 J and 47.7 N, respectively. A Gurney velocity value of G = 2771 m·s−1 and a detonation velocity of 8027 m·s−1 at a charge density of 1.700 g·cm−3, were found for the melt-cast material. The sensitivity characteristics of melt-cast ETN does not differ significantly from either literature values or the authors’ data measured using the crystalline material. The explosive performance properties were found to be close to those of PETN.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2017, 14, 2; 418-429
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Applicability of Kamlet’s Method for the Prediction of the Velocity of Detonation (VOD) of Polyurethane (PU) Based Binary Explosive Compositions
Autorzy:
Shekhar, H.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/358290.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Przemysłu Organicznego
Tematy:
explosives
booster
velocity of detonation
polyurethane (PU)
Kamlet’s metod
Opis:
The velocity of detonation (VOD) of polyurethane (PU) based binary explosive compositions is assessed by Kamlet’s method and compared with experimental results for a few compositions. These compositions are used as booster compositions for the initiation of main charges and the velocity of detonation is determined empirically for compositions with explosives like RDX, HMX, TATB, FOX-7, CL-20. For some of the compositions, the VOD was determined experimentally and found to match the predicted values. For RDX/PU (95/5) explosive composition, the experimental and estimated VODs at 1.66g/cm3 bulk charge density, are 8211 and 8224 m/s respectively. For CL-20/PU (95/5) composition, at a charge density of 1.82 g/cm3 , the calculated VOD was 8775 m/s against the experimental value of 8943 m/s. The applicability of Kamlet’s method for the prediction of the VOD for 95/5 Explosive/PU compositions was also established. These fndings contradict an earlier hypothesis concerning the weight average estimation of Kamlet’s parameter ϕ and establish closer estimates of the VOD using the weight average assessment of the parameters ‘N’, ‘M’ and ‘Q’.
Źródło:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials; 2013, 10, 2; 217-223
1733-7178
Pojawia się w:
Central European Journal of Energetic Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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