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Tytuł:
Digital twins as a modern approach to design of industrial processes
Autorzy:
Rauch, Lukasz
Pietrzyk, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/100193.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wrocławska Rada Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych
Tematy:
computer system
hot rolling
optimization
Opis:
The objective of the paper was to describethe concept of a virtual, digital equivalent to a physical process. The basic idea of the virtual counterpart for the process called a digital twin is described first. Following this the hybrid computer system dedicated to the design of the optimal manufacturing technology for thin steel strips is presented. The models used in the system and the database are described. Numerical tests showing capabilities of the system recapitulate the work.
Źródło:
Journal of Machine Engineering; 2019, 19, 1; 86-97
1895-7595
2391-8071
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Machine Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Mechanical Properties of a Bainitic Steel Producible by Hot Rolling
Autorzy:
Rana, R.
Chen, S.
Haldar, A.
Das, S.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/352494.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
carbide-free bainite
retained austenite
hot rolling
mechanical properties
Opis:
A carbide-free bainitic microstructure is suitable for achieving a combination of ultra high strength and high ductility. In this work, a steel containing nominally 0.34C-2Mn-1.5Si-1Cr (wt.%) was produced via industrial hot rolling and laboratory heat treatments. The austenitization (900°C, 30 min.) and austempering (300-400°C, 3 h) treatments were done in salt bath furnaces. The austempering treatments were designed to approximately simulate the coiling step, following hot rolling and run-out-table cooling, when the bainitic transformation would take place and certain amount of austenite would be stabilized due to suppression of carbide precipitation. The microstructures and various mechanical properties (tensile properties, bendability, flangeability, and room and subzero temperature impact toughness) relevant for applications were characterized. It was found that the mechanical properties were highly dependent on the stability of the retained austenite, presence of martensite in the microstructure and the size of the microstructural constituents. The highest amount of retained austenite (~ 27 wt.%) was obtained in the sample austempered at 375°C but due to lower austenite stability and coarser overall microstructure, the sample exhibited lower tensile ductility, bendability, flangeability and impact toughness. The sample austempered at 400°C also showed poor properties due to the presence of initial martensite and coarse microstructure. The best combination of mechanical properties was achieved for the samples austempered at 325-350°C with a lower amount of retained austenite but with the highest mechanical stability.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 4; 2331-2338
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Production Line Modelling in Accordance with the Industry 4.0 Concept as an Element of Process Management in the Iron and Steel Industry
Autorzy:
Niekurzak, Mariusz
Kubińska-Jabcoń, Ewa
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2023962.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
hot rolling
logistic model
mill
steel
strip
stock management
Opis:
Simulations are becoming one of the most important techniques supporting production preparation, even in those industrial sectors with atypical technological processes, such as in metallurgy, where there is a multiphase material flow. This is due to the fact that in the conditions of a market economy, enterprises have to solve more and more complex problems in a shorter time. On the basis of the existing production process and the knowledge of the flow characteristics in a given process, a model is built, which, when subjected to simulation tests, provides experimental results in the scope of the defined problem. The use of computer techniques also creates new possibilities for the rational use of the reserves inherent in each technological process. Taking into account the existing demand and the state of modern technology, the computer model can be a source of information for further analysis and decision-making processes supporting company management. At work a model of the logistic system was made on the example of a hot-rolled steel strip mill, on which simulation experiments were carried out to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the analysis production line. The presented article aims to disseminate the idea of ??Industry 4.0 in Polish companies from the manufacturing industry sector, taking into account simulation techniques.
Źródło:
Management and Production Engineering Review; 2021, 14, 4; 3-12
2080-8208
2082-1344
Pojawia się w:
Management and Production Engineering Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Effects of Finish Rolling Temperature and Niobium Microalloying on the Microstructure and Properties of a Direct Quenched High-Strength Steel
Autorzy:
Kaijalainen, A.
Vähäkuopus, N.
Somani, M.
Mehtonen, S.
Porter, D.
Kömi, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/350880.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
direct quenching
hot rolling
Nb microalloying
microstructure
CCT diagram
Opis:
This paper comprehends the effects of finish rolling temperature (FRT) and Nb-microalloying on the microstructural evolution and resultant properties of a low carbon direct quenched steel in the yield strength category of ≥900 MPa. Results indicate that a decrease in FRT close to Ar3 temperature significantly influenced the microstructure following phase transformation, especially at the subsurface (~50-400 μm) of the rolled strip. On decreasing the FRT, the subsurface microstructure revealed a fine mixture of ferrite and bainite obviously as a result of strain-induced transformation, whereas the structure at the centreline remained essentially martensitic. Further, Nb-microalloying promoted the formation of ferrite and bainite even at higher FRTs, thus influencing the mechanical properties. The microstructures of the hot-rolled strips were further corroborated with the aid of CCT diagrams.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 2A; 619-626
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hot-deformed AlMg4 Alloys with the Variations of Mn, Fe, and Si Contents
Autorzy:
Lee, Da B.
Kim, Bong H.
Choi, Kweon H.
Yang, Seung Y.
Kim, Nam S.
Ha, Seong H.
Yoon, Young O.
Lim, Hyun K.
Kim, Shae
Hyun, Soong K..
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/351603.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Al-Mg alloy
intermetallic compounds
homogenization
hot-rolling
microstructure
Opis:
This paper aims to investigate the microstructural evolution and mechanical properties of hot-deformed AlMg4 alloys with Mn, Fe, and Si as the main impurities. For this purpose, solidification behavior and microstructural evolution during hot-rolling and heat-treatment processes are investigated by using theoretical calculations and experimental characterization. The crystallization and morphological transformation of intermetallic Al3 Fe, Al6 Mn, and Mg2 Si phases are revealed and discussed in terms of the variation in chemical composition. Following a homogenization heat-treatment, the effect of heat treatment on the intermetallic compounds is also investigated after hot-rolling. It was revealed that the Mg2 Si phase can be broken into small particles and spherodized more easily than the Al3 Fe intermetallic phase during the hot-rolling process. For the Mn containing alloys, both yield and ultimate tensile strength of the hot-rolled alloys increased from 270 to 296 MPa while elongation decreased from 17 to 13%, which can be attributed to Mn-containing intermetallic as well as dispersoid.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2020, 65, 4; 1255-1259
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Off-Line Computer System for Design of the Hot Rolling and Laminar Cooling Technology for Steel Strips
Autorzy:
Rauch, Ł.
Bzowski, K.
Kuziak, R
Kitowski, J.
Pietrzyk, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/99595.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wrocławska Rada Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych
Tematy:
optimization
hot rolling
laminar cooling
steel strips
VirtRoll computer system
Opis:
The objective of this work was development of the computer system VirtRoll, which allows designing of the arbitrary rolling line and performing numerical simulations using high efficiency hardware architectures. Selection of the mechanical, thermal, microstructural and phase transformation models, which allow decreasing the computing costs while the accuracy of simulations is maintained on the reasonable level, was one of the objectives of the paper. Thus, metamodel was applied in the mechanical part and a simple finite element approach was used in the thermal part of the hot rolling model. Simulations of microstructure evolution in hot rolling and phase transformations during the laminar cooling were based on modified Avrami equation. The system was designed in the client-server architecture, in which client part is in the form of the graphical interface. This interface allows to design of rolling line. The server part is composed of: i) controllers which prepare computing tasks, ii) middleware layer responsible for launching and monitoring of the computing tasks, iii) the layer of numerical computations. Deal.II library dedicated to solve partial differential equations was used for the time step adaptations. All these parts led to short computing times and additionally allowed parallel solution of the optimization tasks. Simulations of thermal-mechanical-microstructural phenomena were performed for the rolling-cooling sequence and the results allowed validation of the system.
Źródło:
Journal of Machine Engineering; 2016, 16, 2; 27-43
1895-7595
2391-8071
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Machine Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quantitative Evaluation of the Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Hot Rolled 23MnB4 Steel Grade for Cold Upsetting
Autorzy:
Kuc, D.
Szala, J.
Bednarczyk, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/350971.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
23MnB4 steel
hot rolling
microstructure
quantitative metallography
grain size
Opis:
The article presents the results of tests of influence of the thermo-mechanical treatment parameters on the mechanical properties and microstructure of steel 23MnB4 for cold-upsetting. Measurements of the ferrite grains and pearlite colonies were conducted with the use of Met-Ilo program supplemented by additional procedures dedicated to structure analysis of ferritic-pearlitic steel. The process of rolling was conducted in simulation in semi-continuous finishing train arrangement with different temperature and cooling rate. Elaborated procedure of quantitative analysis of microstructure and conducted mechanical properties tests will be used during preparations of modified technologies of wire rod rolling to prepare products made of steel, the microstructure of which is characterised higher utility properties.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2017, 62, 2A; 551-556
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Thermal-mechanical finite element simulation of flat bar rolling coupled with a stochastic model of microstructure evolution
Autorzy:
Szeliga, Danuta
Czyżewska, Natalia
Kusiak, Jan
Kuziak, Roman
Morkisz, Paweł
Oprocha, Piotr
Pietrzyk, Maciej
Piwowarczyk, Michał
Poloczek, Łukasz
Przybyłowicz, Paweł
Rauch, Łukasz
Wolańska, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29520070.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
flat bars
hot rolling
thermal-mechanical finite element model
microstructure evolution
stochastic model
Opis:
It is generally recognized that the kinetics of phase transformations during the cooling of steel products depends to a large extent on the state of the austenite after rolling. Austenite deformation (when recrystallization is not complete) and grain size have a strong influence on the nucleation and growth of low-temperature phases. Thus, the general objective of the present work was the formulation of a numerical model which simulates thermal, mechanical and microstructural phenomena during multipass hot rolling of flat bars. The simulation of flat bar rolling accounting for the evolution of a heterogeneous microstructure was the objective of the work. A conventional finite-element program was used to calculate the distribution of strains, stresses, and temperatures in the flat bar during rolling and during interpass times. The FE program was coupled with the stochastic model describing austenite microstructure evolution. In this model, the random character of the recrystallization was accounted for. Simulations supplied information about the distributions of the dislocation density and the grain size at various locations through the thickness of the bars.
Źródło:
Computer Methods in Materials Science; 2022, 22, 3; 137-148
2720-4081
2720-3948
Pojawia się w:
Computer Methods in Materials Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Non-Metallic Inclusions and Hot-Working Behaviour of Advanced High-Strength Medium-Mn Steels
Autorzy:
Grajcar, A.
Woźniak, D.
Kozłowska, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/353927.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
medium-Mn steel
steel cleanliness
non-metallic inclusions
bainitic steel
hot rolling
retained austenite
Opis:
The work addresses the production of medium-Mn steels with an increased Al content. The special attention is focused on the identification of non-metallic inclusions and their modification using rare earth elements. The conditions of the thermomechanical treatment using the metallurgical Gleeble simulator and the semi-industrial hot rolling line were designed for steels containing 3 and 5% Mn. Hot-working conditions and controlled cooling strategies with the isothermal holding of steel at 400°C were selected. The effect of Mn content on the hot-working behaviour and microstructure of steel was addressed. The force-energetic parameters of hot rolling were determined. The identification of structural constituents was performed using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy methods. The addition of rare earth elements led to the total modification of non-metallic inclusions, i.e., they replaced Mn and Al forming complex oxysulphides. The Mn content in a range between 3 and 5% does not affect the inclusion type and the hot-working behaviour. In contrast, it was found that Mn has a significant effect on a microstructure.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2016, 61, 2A; 811-820
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Structure and properties of hot-rolled and annealed AZ61 magnesium alloy
Struktura i własności stopu AZ61 po walcowaniu na gorąco i wyżarzaniu
Autorzy:
Sułkowski, B.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/263791.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie. Wydawnictwo AGH
Tematy:
magnesium alloys
texture
hot rolling
annealing
AZ61
stopy magnezu
tekstura
walcowanie na gorąco
wyżarzanie
Opis:
Magnesium alloy AZ61 was processed by hot rolling up to a large thickness reduction (~89%) in several routes with intermediate annealing. The hot rolling process was conducted at 450°C and at a 1.5 s−1 strain rate. The structure and texture evolution as well as the mechanical properties during processing were investigated. The structure studies showed that, during the hot-rolling process, a large number of twins formed, which had an impact on the mechanical properties of the hot-rolled samples. After annealing for 15 minutes, the twins were no longer observed in the annealed samples, causing a significant decrease in hardness. Moreover, an investigation of the hardness showed that annealing for 15 minutes did not remove all of the hardening effects nor did the hardness of the annealed samples decrease to the value before hot rolling. The texture investigations showed that the texture of the hot-rolled samples was a typical basal-type texture. However, the basal pick was split into two tilted towards the rolling direction (RD). The texture changed during annealing while the new strong texture components evolved. The annealing led to an increased intensity of <1010>{1120} texture component and enhanced ductility. It was concluded that the texture changes observed in the present investigations may lead to the enhanced ductility of magnesium alloys and, therefore, help us design a deformation scheme for magnesium alloys consisting of several thermomechanical routes.
Stop magnezu AZ61 został odkształcony przez walcowanie na gorąco do sumarycznego zgniotu 89%, w kilku przepustach z wyżarzaniem międzyoperacyjnym. Walcowanie odbywało się w temperaturze 450°C, a prędkość odkształcenia wynosiła 1,5 s−1. W pracy badano wpływ struktury oraz tekstury na własności mechaniczne stopu AZ61. Badania strukturalne pokazały występowanie dużej liczby bliźniaków po walcowaniu na gorąco, co miało wpływ na własności mechaniczne. Po wyżarzaniu przez 15 minut struktura nie zawierała bliźniaków oraz zaobserwowano spadek własności mechanicznych badanych próbek, ale nie do wartości sprzed walcowania. Z kolei badania teksturowe wykazały, że po walcowaniu na gorąco powstaje tekstura typu bazalnego, z dwoma pikami odchylonymi od [0001] w kierunku walcowania. Po wyżarzaniu zaobserwowano dodatkowy komponent tekstury, <1010>{1120}, co spowodowało poprawę własności plastycznych badanego materiału. Zaobserwowane zmiany strukturalne i teksturowe wpływają silnie na własności plastyczne stopu AZ61, dzięki czemu możliwe jest odpowiednie zaprojektowanie procesu walcowania tego materiału.
Źródło:
Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering; 2017, 43, 1; 21-29
1230-2325
2300-8377
Pojawia się w:
Metallurgy and Foundry Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zastosowanie analizy termicznej do symulacji zjawisk w procesach metalurgicznych
Application of thermal analysis to simulate the phenomena in metallurgical processes
Autorzy:
Stecko, J.
Różański, P.
Zalecki, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/182445.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Metalurgii Żelaza im. Stanisława Staszica
Tematy:
thermal analysis
DTA
DSC
reduction
simulation
heat treatment
semi-industrial physical simulation
hot rolling
strip
bar
Opis:
W artykule przedstawiono przykłady wykorzystania analizy termicznej w badaniach surowców i technologii hutniczych z obszaru tematyki prac badawczych realizowanych w Zespole Procesów Surowcowych Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza.
The paper presents the examples of application of thermal analysis in the research on raw materials and metallurgical technologies in the field of the research works carried out in the Primary Processing Group of the Institute for Ferrous Metallurgy.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza; 2012, T. 64, nr 1, 1; 161-168
0137-9941
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Rozwój wykorzystania metody półprzemysłowej symulacji walcowania na gorąco i obróbki cieplnoplastycznej w projektach badawczych i technologicznych
Development of the application of the method for semi-industrial simulation of hot rolling and thermo-mechanical treatment in the research and technological projects
Autorzy:
Woźniak, D.
Garbarz, B.
Kuziak, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/182184.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Sieć Badawcza Łukasiewicz - Instytut Metalurgii Żelaza im. Stanisława Staszica
Tematy:
symulacja fizyczna
walcowanie na gorąco
obróbka cieplna
blacha
pręt
physical simulation
hot rolling
heat treatment
sheet
bar
Opis:
Przedstawiono zakres wykorzystania modułu B linii do półprzemysłowej symulacji procesów wytwarzania wyrobów z metali i stopów (LPS) oraz wyniki badań uzyskane w ramach aktualnie realizowanych i zakończonych w latach 2012–2014 wybranych projektów europejskich i krajowych oraz prac zleconych przez ośrodki badawcze i przedsiębiorców przemysłowych krajowych i zagranicznych. W module B-LPS wykonano fizyczne symulacje walcowania na gorąco wlewków pochodzących z wytopów doświadczalnych i z wsadów z zewnątrz, na pręty i blachy. Walcowanie wyrobów płaskich prowadzono z zastosowaniem regulowanego walcowania z obróbką cieplno-plastyczną i regulowanego chłodzenia po walcowaniu. Materiał po walcowaniu poddano badaniom obejmującym pomiar właściwości mechanicznych i metalograficzną ocenę stanu struktury.
This paper presents the range of application of module B of the line for semi-industrial simulation of processes related to manufacturing of metal alloys and products (LPS) as well as results of investigations obtained under selected European and domestic projects in progress and completed in the years 2012–2014 and works commissioned by the research centres and domestic and foreign industrial entrepreneurs. Physical simulations of hot rolling of ingots from experimental melts and external charges for bars and sheets were carried out in the B-LPS module. The rolling of fl at products was carried out using controlled rolling with thermo-mechanical treatment and controlled cooling after rolling. After rolling, the material was subject to investigations including the measurement of mechanical properties and metallographic assessment of structure condition.
Źródło:
Prace Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza; 2015, T. 67, nr 2, 2; 112-120
0137-9941
Pojawia się w:
Prace Instytutu Metalurgii Żelaza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Simulation of Hot Continuous Rolling of a Plain Carbon Steel Using the MAXStrain II® Multi-Axis Deformation System
Autorzy:
Schindler, Ivo
Kawulok, Petr
Konečná, Kateřina
Sauer, Michal
Navrátil, Horymír
Opěla, Petr
Kawulok, Rostislav
Rusz, Stanislav
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/28099659.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czasopisma i Monografie PAN
Tematy:
MaXStrain II system
multi-axis deformations
hot continuous rolling
physical simulation
Opis:
A simple methodology was used for calculating the equivalent strain values during forming the sample alternately in two mutually perpendicular directions. This method reflects an unexpected material flow out of the nominal deformation zone when forming on the MAXStrain II device. Thus it was possible to perform two temperature variants of the simulation of continuous rolling and cooling of a long product made of steel containing 0.17% C and 0.80% Mn. Increasing the finishing temperature from 900°C to 950°C and decreasing the cooling rate from 10°C/s to 5°C/s led to a decrease in the content of acicular ferrite and bainite and an increase in the mean grain size of proeutectoid ferrite from about 8 µm to 14 µm. The result was a change in the hardness of the material by 15%.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2023, 68, 2; 741--747
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Microstructural Changes in a High-Manganese Austenitic Fe-Mn-Al-C Steel
Zmiany mikrostrukturalne w wysokomanganowej stali austenitycznej Fe-Mn-Al-C
Autorzy:
Witkowska, M.
Zielińska-Lipiec, A.
Kowalska, J.
Ratuszek, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/350948.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
high-manganese austenitic steel hot-rolling
spinodal decomposition
carbides
microstructure
wysokomanganowa stal austenityczna
rozpad spinodalny
węgliki
mikrostruktura
Opis:
Microstructural changes in the age-hardenable Fe-28wt.%Mn-9wt.%Al-1wt.%C steel during ageing at 550°C for various times have been investigated by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The steel was produced in an induction furnace and the ingot, after homogenization at 1150°C for 3 hours under a protective argon atmosphere, was hot-rolled and subsequently cold-rolled up to 23% reduction. The sheet was then aged at 550°C for various times in an argon atmosphere and cooled in air. XRD analysis and TEM observations revealed a modulated structure and superlattice reflections produced by spinodal decomposition, which occurred during ageing at 550°C. Theexistence of satellites suggests that either (Fe, Mn)3AlCx carbides were formed within the austenite matrix by spinodal decomposition during cooling or chemical fluctuactions occurred between the (Fe, Mn)3AlCx carbides and the austenitic matrix.
W pracy analizowano zmiany mikrostruktury w stali Fe-28%wt. Mn-9%wt. Al-1%wt.C zachodzące podczas starzenia w temperaturze 550°C w różnych czasach. Stal Fe-28Mn-9Al-1C wytopiono w próżniowym piecu indukcyjnym. Po odlaniu wlewek homogenizowano w temperaturze 1150°C przez 3 godziny w atmosferze argonu. Wlewek walcowano na gorąco a następnie na zimno do 23 % odkształcenia. Próbki po odkształceniu starzono w temperaturze 550°C dla różnych czasów w atmosferze argonu i chłodzono na powietrzu. Obserwacje elektronomikroskopowe starzonej stali Fe-28Mn-9Al-1C ujawniły modulowaną strukturę i refleksy od nadstruktury, co było efektem rozpadu spinodalnego, który miał miejsce podczas procesu starzenia. Występowanie satelitów na zapisach dyfrakcyjnych sugeruje, że węgliki (Fe, Mn)3AlCx powstały w osnowie austenitycznej na skutek rozpadu spinodalnego zachodzącego podczas chłodzenia czy fluktuacji chemicznych występujących pomiędzy węglikami Fe, Mn)3AlCx i osnową austenityczną.
Źródło:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials; 2014, 59, 3; 971-975
1733-3490
Pojawia się w:
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Modelowanie wpływu eksploatacji walców na ich zużycie
Modelling the effect of the use of rollers on their wear
Autorzy:
Niekurzak, M.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/188624.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów i Techników Mechaników Polskich
Tematy:
walcownia taśm na gorąco
zużycie walców
stal
taśma
hot-rolling mill
waste of metallurgical rolls wear
steel
strip
Opis:
Istotnym elementem w prawidłowej pracy walcowni jest odpowiednie planowanie warunków eksploatacji walców, ponieważ czynnik ten stanowi element limitujący w procesie produkcji. W artykule przedstawiono zbiór wyników eksploatacyjno-badawczych, które opracowano na podstawie zaawansowanych programów szlifierek w określonym okresie eksploatacji w walcowni gorącej taśm. Prezentowane opracowanie opisuje głównie wpływ trwania czasu kampanii walcowniczej na wielkość przetoczenia i efektywność pracy walców w poszczególnych klatkach zespołu wykańczającego, będącą miarą trwałości wykorzystania walca.
An important factor in the proper operation of a mill is the appropriate planning conditions of exploitation rollers, because this factor is the limiting element in the production process. The article presents a set of operational and research results, which are based on advanced programs concerning grinders in a certain period of operation in a hot strip mill. The presented paper mainly describes the impact of the mill on the length of the operation, the amount of transfusion, and the efficiency of the cylinder, which is a measure of the sustainability of the use of the cylinder.
Źródło:
Tribologia; 2014, 1; 75-84
0208-7774
Pojawia się w:
Tribologia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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