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Tytuł:
The perception of violence in children’s drawings
Autorzy:
Krajewska-Kułak, E.
Kułak, W.
Stelcer, B.
Jasiński, M.
Kowalczuk, K.
Łukaszuk, C.
Guzowski, A.
Cybulski, M.
Lewko, J.
Van Damme-Ostapowicz, K.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1917749.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Medyczny w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Violence
drawings
children
adolescents
Opis:
The aim of the paper is to evaluate the perception of violence held by children and adolescents aged 8 to 16 years based on their artworks. 163 children’s drawings submitted from across Poland on "Children against violence." were analyzed. These pictures were analysed according to their contents. The artworks were made using various techniques: torn paper collage, collage, wax scratch, coloring pages, painting using poster paints and watercolors. Drawings have been classified in twelve thematic groups: "aggression against things", "peer violence","violence and addiction", "family violence", "workplace violence", "on-line violence," verbal violence", the continuity of violence", difficult choices" ,and " help ". Children and adolescents are good observers and they see various forms of violence, especially signs of bullying, and the impact of addictions on their development. Children know how to avoid and reduce violence.
Źródło:
Progress in Health Sciences; 2016, 6(1); 78-85
2083-1617
Pojawia się w:
Progress in Health Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
‘Me, in my class’: Teacher candidates (self-)portraits of their presence in the classroom
Autorzy:
Strumska-Cylwik, Longina
Gazaille, Mariane
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1387068.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
interpersonal relations
teacher presence
classroom
projective drawings
Opis:
Drawing on the international research program ‘Teacher presence. A Multicultural Comparison’, this paper tackles the issue of Polish teacher candidates’ representations of teacher presence in the classroom. The basis for the current study consists of drawings made by the participants in response to the task ‘Me, in my class’ and its accompanying question: What does this drawing tell me about you as an early childhood education teacher? Drawings done by the participants show not only the way in which the respondents perceive themselves and their roles as teachers but also the way in which they conceive the relationship with students in the classroom. The analysis of the collected material indicates strong institutional features embedded in the physical space of the school, where both the teacher and the students appear as typical products of the institution and where the relationship of power and subordination is still maintained. The classroom as an organized, didactic space and teacher-students relationships emerge as the two main components defining future teachers’ representation of teacher presence in the classroom.
Źródło:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji; 2019, 44, 1; 56-65
1734-1582
2451-2230
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
European standards for construction drawings
Standardy europejskie w rysunku technicznym
Autorzy:
Górska, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/119105.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geometrii i Grafiki Inżynierskiej
Tematy:
European standard
technical drawings
norma europejska
rysunek techniczny
Opis:
Technical and Construction Drawings for Civil Engineering Constructions undergo standardization according to the regulations and requirements set up by the CEN and CENELEC organizations. The national Standards must comply with the EU Standards. The goal of this paper is to show the differences between the old and the new Standards because the future engineer must be aware of them as the changes continuously take place in the environment of technical/construction drawings.
Dydaktyka przedmiotów takich jak: Rysunek techniczny, Grafika inżynierska, Projektowanie wspomagane komputerem, które należą do grupy przedmiotów podstawowych w programach pierwszych dwóch lat studiów inżynierskich, wymaga zaznajomienia studentów z normami dotyczącymi zasad przestawiania obiektów na rysunkach architektoniczno-budowlanych oraz konstrukcyjno budowlanych. Z uwagi na fakt, iż w kolejnych latach Polski Komitet Normalizacyjny wprowadza w użycie nowe normy, koniecznością staje się aktualizowanie bazy norm wykorzystywanych w procesie dydaktycznym wyższych uczelni technicznych. Autorka niniejszego referatu przeprowadziła analizę aktualnych norm (Appendix 1) pod kątem ich wykorzystania w dydaktyce wspomnianych przedmiotów oraz ich aktualności i przydatności do wykonywania wspomnianych rysunków oraz zawarła spostrzeżenia na temat wprowadzanych zmian. Baza danych zawarta w Appendix 1 jest aktualna na dzień 01.07.2011 r.
Źródło:
Journal Biuletyn of Polish Society for Geometry and Engineering Graphics; 2011, 22; 31-42
1644-9363
Pojawia się w:
Journal Biuletyn of Polish Society for Geometry and Engineering Graphics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Architectural Designs Attributed to Simon Pitz in the Collection of the Jesuit Archive in Glatz
Autorzy:
Blaschke, Kinga
Kurzej, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/50670659.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-09-22
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
Simon Pitz
Glatz
Kłodzko
Jesuit architecture
architectural drawings
Opis:
Simon Pitz (1592–1625) was a Jesuit architect providing designs for numerous Jesuit buildings in Czechia, Moravia, Silesia and Poland. His oeuvre was known from several designs preserved in archives in Czechia, as well as the Jesuit Archive in Cracow (some of which were published in both Czech and Polish literature). An inventory in this order’s archive in Glatz (pol.: Kłodzko), drawn in 2018, revealed some previously unknown designs by this architect, some of which show alternative versions of designs already linked with Pitz, others can be attributed to him on the basis of distinctive architectural motifs or details. The article presents some of these previously unknown drawings by the architect, preserved in Polish archives, among others: alternative designs for the Jesuit church in Jitschin, additional designs of the college and church in Königgrätz, Jesuit novitiate (seminary) in Böhmisch Krumau and five versions of designs for the church in Komotau. Some designs may have been developed for Kuttenberg – they depict a huge complex of buildings (approx. 182 by 104 m), with a church surrounded by five courtyards. Designs preserved in Glatz indicate also that Pitz was the author of the Jesuit church in Lutsk, which has been previously linked with Giacomo Briano. At the present state of knowledge it can be concluded that Pitz’s legacy is among the largest and most interesting collections of designs by Jesuit architects active in Central Europe in the seventeenth century.
Źródło:
Ikonotheka; 2021, 31; 139-165
0860-5769
Pojawia się w:
Ikonotheka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Canonical Size for Real-Word Objects in Drawings Performed under Haptic Control
Autorzy:
Szubielska, Magdalena
Wojtasiński, Marcin
Biedroń, Katarzyna
Bobel, Mateusz
Chudziak, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1708501.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-10-08
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
canonical size
visual domain
tactile domain
physical size
drawings
Opis:
To date canonical size for physical objects has been exclusively investigated in the visual domain and termed canonical visual size. As the visual and haptic modalities are interconnected in object processing, we have investigated if canonical size occurs in the tactile domain, namely, in embossed drawings made by sighted adults when blindfolded. 17 participants were asked to draw 16 objects of 8 different ranks of physical size. In the visual domain, they drew on sheets of paper, and in the tactile domain, they drew (when blindfolded) on special plastic sheets for embossed graphics haptically controlling the performance with hands. In both the visual and the tactile domain the size of drawings increased linearly with the logarithm of the physical size of real-world objects indicating occurrence of canonical size effect in both domains. Our findings demonstrated that canonical size is not only visual in character but that it is also revealed in a haptic drawing task. It suggests that spatial images (at least visual and tactile) are shared instead of being unimodal in nature.
Źródło:
Roczniki Psychologiczne; 2020, 23, 2; 191-200
1507-7888
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Psychologiczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza rysunków/szkiców i wypowiedzi werbalnych dzieci na temat budowy anatomicznej człowieka
An analysis of children’s drawings/sketches and interviews about the internal structure of the human body
Autorzy:
Rybska, Eliza
Błaszak, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1388045.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016-03-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Gdański. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego
Tematy:
default network
executive network
salience network
drawings
sketches
subjectivity
Opis:
The article discusses the results of an analysis of student’s drawings/sketches and interviews about the internal structure of the human body. The problems discussed in this article have an interdisciplinary approach. Our goal was not a psychological analysis of children’s drawings, but the presentation of such productions in the light of two dimensions (drawing and sketching) and the justification of highlighting them in relation to research in the field of cognitive science. Hence, the analysis of graphic productions is presented from a didactic dimension (e.g. the scale used to classify children’s graphical products), biological (anatomy) and cognitive – classifying them as drawings or sketches. The latest findings from neuroscience suggest that there are three networks involved in our brain – default, executive, and salient. Each of these networks generates different energy costs, involves different ways of processing information, or different effects resulting from its recruitment. The authors claim that the graphic may also reflect the involvement of one of the networks. While drawings are produced by using the executive network, sketches are the results of implementing a default network. Both drawings and sketches make it possible to explore the children’s conceptions on a given topic. The differences between them are revealed when within this product, one might (or might not) find a reflection of subjectivity. While the executive network run by drawing allows one to reflect a concept, to answer a question, the inclusion of the default network allows one to run the autobiographical memory, to ask questions, and to search for an answer.
Źródło:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji; 2016, 32, 1; 27-47
1734-1582
2451-2230
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Wczesnej Edukacji
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
This is America: Using Children’s Drawings to Discern their Understanding of National Identity
Autorzy:
Johnson, Jacqueline
Karwińska, Anna
Sanak-Kosmowska, Katarzyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22792657.pdf
Data publikacji:
2022-03-21
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Socjologiczne
Tematy:
America
children’s drawings
national identity
political socialization
citizenship
deliberative
democracy
Opis:
Children’s drawings are used to explore their understanding of nation across time and place, employing a methodology that provides visually provocative results. The researchers gathered pictures drawn by children responding to the prompt “This is America” in Poland and the United States in 1991 and in 2019. Six hundred pictures are digitized in a searchable database and are analyzed in three ways: (1) using thematic discourse analysis; (2) coding for the presence of iconic images; and (3) considered for their visual eloquence. The results contribute to an understanding of how children construct the meaning of America, demonstrate the ability of children to incorporate abstract and critical ideas in their drawings, and stimulate us to think about how we might better prepare children to become creatively critical citizens, capable of participating in deliberative democracy.
Źródło:
Polish Sociological Review; 2022, 217, 1; 45-64
1231-1413
2657-4276
Pojawia się w:
Polish Sociological Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ignacio Domeyko y las bellas artes
Ignacy Domeyko and the Fine Arts
Autorzy:
Drien, Marcela
Guzmán, Fernando
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1787932.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-05-10
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
Ignacy Domeyko
sztuka
edukacja artystyczna
rysunki
Chile
art
artistic education
drawings
Opis:
Ignacy Domeyko i sztuki piękne Polski uczony Ignacy Domeyko zapisał się w historiografii przede wszystkim jako założyciel mineralogii w Chile, reformator Instytutu Narodowego i następca Andresa Bello na stanowisku rektora Universidad de Chile. Celem niniejszej pracy jest analiza, słabo jak dotąd zbadanych, związków Domeyki ze sztuką. Ten wymiar aktywności polskiego uczonego, związanego na stałe z Chile od 1838 r., znalazł odbicie przede wszystkim w jego rysunkach, zainteresowaniu sztuką i kolekcjonowaniu dzieł, a także w pracy na rzecz promowania edukacji artystycznej w Chile i w jego poglądach na temat funkcji sztuki w życiu społecznym.   La historiografía ha prestado atención a la actividad del científico polaco Ignacio Domeyko como de fundador de la mineralogía en Chile, reformador del Instituto Nacional y sucesor de Andrés Bello en la rectoría de la Universidad de Chile. El propósito del presente texto es analizar la poco conocida vinculación de Domeyko con las Bellas Artes. Esta dimensión del científico polaco, radicado en Chile desde 1838, se puede observar en su actividad como dibujante, su condición de amante de las artes y propietario de obras, su labor como promotor de la educación artística en Chile y sus ideas en torno a la función de las artes en la vida social.
La historiografía ha prestado atención a la actividad del científico polaco Ignacio Domeyko como de fundador de la mineralogía en Chile, reformador del Instituto Nacional y sucesor de Andrés Bello en la rectoría de la Universidad de Chile. El propósito del presente texto es analizar la poco conocida vinculación de Domeyko con las Bellas Artes. Esta dimensión del científico polaco, radicado en Chile desde 1838, se puede observar en su actividad como dibujante, su condición de amante de las artes y propietario de obras, su labor como promotor de la educación artística en Chile y sus ideas en torno a la función de las artes en la vida social.
The Polish scientist Ignacy Domeyko made his name in historiography primarily as the founder of mineralogy in Chile, as one of the reformers of the Chilean National Institute, and as the successor to Andres Bello as rector of the Universidad de Chile. The aim of this study is to analyse Domeyko’s connections with art, which have been hitherto poorly researched. This area of his activity, which was permanently linked to Chile since 1838, was reflected primarily in his drawings, interest in art and collection of works of art, as well as in his efforts to promote artistic education in Chile and his views on the function of art in social life.
Źródło:
Roczniki Humanistyczne; 2021, 69, 4; 229-240
0035-7707
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Humanistyczne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Value of Two Modes of Graphic Elicitation Interviews to Explore Factors That Impact on Student Learning in Higher Education
Autorzy:
Schulze, Salomé
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2108124.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-04-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
Drawings
Diagrams
Graphic Elicitation Interviews
Doctoral Student Learning
Relational Maps
Timelines
Opis:
Since student learning and supervision are viewed as social processes, investigations into doctoral learning need to consider social learning theories and ways to illuminate student relations during this time. For such social research, interviews are the most extensively used instruments to gather data, but the data can be enriched by the use of visuals. This article reports on the value of two modes of graphic elicitation interviews to delve into factors that impacted on the progress of research master’s and doctoral students at one university. The studies were exploratory and the approach was within the framework of participatory visual research methodologies. The first setting involved 11 participants who were particularly successful in the completion of their studies. In accordance with the socio-cultural theory, the students completed a diagram in the form of a relational map, after having completed a table in which they brainstormed the people, artifacts, and processes that contributed most to their success. In the second setting, 10 less diligent students were instructed to complete drawings (timelines) to illustrate their research journeys. These were guided by three questions to ensure that the students focused on the topic. In both instances, the graphics (diagram/drawing) were used to elicit interviews, which were tape recorded. In the second setting, the situated learning theory, the social capital theory, and the self-regulated learning theory were used to analyze the data and identify themes in the narratives. The paper highlights the advantages and limitations of both methods. Both methods facilitated unexpected outcomes. The biggest advantage of drawings was that they were unconstrained by the researcher’s previous knowledge about the topic. Moreover, their greater flexibility allowed participants more freedom of expression and a stronger voice. However, the selection of visuals (such as diagrams, tables, or drawings) should be based on the specific aims of the research.
Źródło:
Qualitative Sociology Review; 2017, 13, 2; 60-77
1733-8077
Pojawia się w:
Qualitative Sociology Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Symbols of Fear in the Studies of Drawings by Polish and Turkish Children
Autorzy:
Konieczna, Ewelina Justyna
Talu, Ertuğrul
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1931902.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
fear
archetype
children’s drawings
symbols of fear
younger school age children
Opis:
The authors present results of their studies dealing with symbols of fear identified in drawings made by Polish and Turkish children. The studies consisted in comparing results with regard to the categories and content of symbols recognized in the drawings presented by younger school-age children of the two nationalities. For the needs of the comparative analysis the following questions were formulated: In what way did the children present their fears in their drawings? How can the similarities in the symbols of fear presented in the drawings by Polish and Turkish children be interpreted? What do the observed differences testify to? Comparison of the symbols of fear allowed recognizing the similarities and differences occurring in the drawings produced by the examined children. It was found that the largest number of drawings present a symbol of fear connected with the category of animals. While interpreting the results, the authors accepted the thesis that the grasped similarities relating to the manner of presenting fear result from the common history of man, recorded in archetypes and symbols. On the other hand, the observed differences are connected with the tradition present in each of the cultures.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2021, 2(132); 172-185
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Pomiary detalu architektonicznego kamienic warszawskich z drugiej połowy XIX i początku XX wieku
Measurement of architectural detail of Warsaw tenement houses from the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century
Autorzy:
Roguska, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/145929.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
Warszawa
kamienice
detal architektoniczny
pomiary
rysunki
Warsaw
tenement houses
architectural detail
measurements
drawings
Opis:
Autorka zapoczątkowała swe badania nad detalem architektonicznym kamienic warszawskich z drugiej połowy XIX i początku XX wieku w latach 70. wieku XX. Badania oparte na studiach archiwalnych, bibliotecznych a zwłaszcza na obserwacjach terenowych i na gromadzonej przez lata dokumentacji fotograficznej posłużyły jako podstawa wykładów na temat detalu architektonicznego prowadzonych na Studium Podyplomowym Konserwacji Zabytków Politechniki Warszawskiej w latach 1974-1991, następnie wykładów fakultatywnych na studiach architektonicznych na Wydziale Architektury Politechniki Warszawskiej prowadzonych do 2005 r. Wyniki badań na różnymi rodzajami detalu architektonicznego stały się tematem cyklu artykułów publikowanych, poczynając od 1978 r. po czasy obecne, głównie w "Kwartalniku Architektury i Urbanistyki" (ich spis w nr 2/2011 Kwartalnika). W 2006 r. autorka artykułu zainicjowała w ramach kierowanego przez nią Zakładu Historii Architektury Powszechnej na Wydziale Architektury Politechniki Warszawskiej inwentaryzację pomiarową detalu architektonicznego kamienic warszawskich. W niniejszym sprawozdaniu zreferowane zostały cele i tematyka pomiarów w latach 2006-2011 oraz załączony wybór rysunków pomiarowych i spis mierzonych obiektów.
The author initiated her research on the architectural details of Warsaw tenement houses from the second half of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century in the 1970s. The research was based on archive and library studies, in particular on field observations and photo documentation gathered over years, which served as the basis of lectures regarding architectural details given in the Post-Diploma Studies of Historical Monument Preservation in 1974-1991, then additional lectures on architecture studies at the Architecture Faculty of the Warsaw University of Technology conducted until 2005. The results of research on various architectural detail became the topic of a cycle of articles published from 1978 until the present, primarily in the "Architecture and Town Planning Quarterly". In 2006, the author initiated a measurement inventory of architectural details of Warsaw tenement houses within the Department of Common Architecture History which she managed at the Architecture Faculty of the Warsaw University of Technology. This report covers the goals and issues of measurements in 2006-2011 and enclosed selection of measurement drawings together with the list of measured buildings.
Źródło:
Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki; 2011, 56, 3; 113-126
0023-5865
Pojawia się w:
Kwartalnik Architektury i Urbanistyki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Integrating multimedia into teaching a technical drawing course
Multimedia w zdalnym nauczaniu przedmiotów technicznych
Autorzy:
Górska, R.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/119025.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Geometrii i Grafiki Inżynierskiej
Tematy:
education
technical drawings
engineering graphics
AutoCAD
blended learning
edukacja
rysunek techniczny
inżynieria grafiki
Opis:
This paper considers the possibilities of integrating modern teaching tools into traditional technical drawing courses.
Dydaktyka przedmiotów Rysunek techniczny, Grafika inżynierska, Projektowanie wspomagane komputerem, które są przedmiotami z grupy tzw. przedmiotów kierunkowych na pierwszych latach studiów inżynierskich we wszystkich uczelniach technicznych, wymaga zaznajomienia studentów z aktualnymi normami dotyczącymi zasad oznaczania na rysunkach konstrukcyjno budowlanych, mechanicznych, czy architektoniczno-budowlanych [1]. Student znajduje się w sytuacji, kiedy nie zna jeszcze podstaw projektowania, mechaniki ustrojów konstrukcyjnych, prawa budowlanego a jednocześnie zgłębia podstawy metod CAD, czym najczęściej okazuje się praca w programie AutoCAD. Zintegrowane nauczanie w postaci tzw. „blended-learning”, czyli nauczanie za pomocą platformy Moodle (ang. Modular Object- Oriented Dynamic Learning Environment) wychodzi studentom naprzeciw. Jest to jedna z najbardziej popularnych platform e-learningu typu open-source, udostępniana darmowo w ramach publicznej licencji GNU GPL [2]. W niniejszej pracy zaprezentowano materiały instruktażowe w postaci plików typu *.exe lub plików programu Flash (*.swf), które zostały utworzone i umieszczone na platformie [7] celem wspomagania dydaktyki przedmiotu „Rysunek techniczny i grafika komputerowa” adresowanego do studentów I roku studiów niestacjonarnych Wydziału Inżynierii Lądowej PK oraz dla kursu o nazwie „Technical drawing” adresowanego do studentów I roku studiów stacjonarnych tego samego wydziału, lecz studiujących budownictwo w języku angielskim.
Źródło:
Journal Biuletyn of Polish Society for Geometry and Engineering Graphics; 2012, 23; 37-42
1644-9363
Pojawia się w:
Journal Biuletyn of Polish Society for Geometry and Engineering Graphics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Leonardos da Vinci Wende in der Schlacht bei Anghiari: Poetik und genetische Kritik der zeichnerischen Entwürfe.
Leonardo’s da Vinci Turn in “The Battle of Anghiari“. Poetics and Genetic Criticism of the Preparative Sketches .
Autorzy:
Boesten-Stengel, Albert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/909560.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Leonardo da Vinci
Battaglia di Anghiari (wallpainting)
Genetic criticism
Preparative Drawings,
Classical Poetics
Opis:
In 1505 or 1506, Leonardo da Vinci abandoned his project of the Battle of Anghiari, which was to depict the historical victory in 1440 of Florence over Milan. The last traces of the wall painting were obliterated in the 1560s when Giorgio Vasari and his collaborators restructured and redecorated the once Sala del Maggior Consiglio of the Florentine Republic. More or less contemporary foreign copies seem to reproduce what is believed to be the central part of the composition, known even by the same Vasari’s description as the group of horsemen fighting for a standard, “vn groppo di caualli, che combatteuano vna bandiera”, and only one colour detail, an old soldier in a red cap, “vn soldato vecchio con vn berretton rosso”. Vasari’s words do not identify in the scene any protagonist of the historical event. Only in the eyes of recent interpreters did it become the confrontation of two Milanese horsemen on the left and two Florentine on the right. Observations on Leonardo's method of projecting allow a new approach. The exhibition “Europe in the Renaissance”, organized in 2016 by the Swiss National Museum in Zürich, showed a computer animation produced based on the author’s screenplay by the studio xkopp creative in Berlin. The succession of sequential images demonstrate how both the final composition and the depicted action emerge from Leonardo’s drawing process. The present essay completes the silent animation with the necessarily verbal commentary. The inquiry concerns five original drawing-sheets in the collections of the Gallerie dell'Accademia in Venice and the Szépmüvészeti Múzeum in Budapest. Leonardo calls the first shaping of figures, the rough composition sketch, componimento inculto. From classical poetics he borrows the word, the term, and the priority of suitable actions which the same figures should demonstrate Genetic criticism distinguishes in the simultaneity of unerased strokes the variations of tools and their handling. Arranging the step-by-step changes, first traces, insertions and alternatives in the individual sketch and from sheet to sheet we recognize earlier and later positions and postures of the same protagonists. Just in the first sketch we discern the future “old soldier in a red cap” emerging victorious from the duel. His action represents the causa efficiens of the extreme left horseman’s finally twisted posture. At the beginning of the internal drawing procedure we recognize the same horseman in a different position, how he rides from right to left, holding the staff of the standard like a lance directed to the left. The counterattacking “old soldier”, coming from the left side and evading the mortal thrust, grips the enemy’s standard and turns it in the opposite direction. With few rapid modifications, the draftsman dramatically creates the “reversal” in the battle, Aristotle’s “change from bad fortune to good, or from good fortune to bad” (Poetics, 1451a). The final composition shows the “old soldier” fighting simultaneously at least three enemies like the paradigmatic Hercules defeating the multi-headed Hydra. The victorious “old soldier in the red cap” embodies the Florentine Republic.  
Źródło:
Artium Quaestiones; 2020, 31; 313-367
0239-202X
Pojawia się w:
Artium Quaestiones
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Szesnastowieczne ryciny satyryczne w służbie reformacji
THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY SATIRICAL DRAWINGS IN THE SERVICE OF THE REFORMATION
Autorzy:
Kamrowski, Jerzy
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/425444.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Parafia Ewangelicko-Augsburska w Gdańsku z siedzibą w Sopocie
Tematy:
ANTIROMAN SATIRE
CRANACH THE OLDER
HOLBEIN THE YOUNGER
NEW NEWSPAPERS
SATIRICAL DRAWINGS
XVI CENTURY
Opis:
First, the author points out to two outstanding sixteenth century artists, Lucas Cranach and Hans Holbein (the Younger) whose satirical engravings are seldom published today. The first mentioned, was the author of highly suggestive woodcuts referring to 'Passional Christi und Antichristi' (Wittenberg 1521). The Pope, who is the central figure in these engravings, gets tangled up in all kinds of abuse of the Vativan and the Church. What is important is the fact that these woodcuts by Cranach had long been the model for folk art painting, showing amorality among Catholic priests. Equally suggestive were the illustrations of Cranach for the Luther's translation of the New Testament. They were so suggestive that it led to their prohibition in Saxony. Antiroman were also satirical engravings by Hans Holbein (the Younger), especially the series of pictures 'Death'. In the second part of the article the author deals with the caricatures published in a loose printed materials which, because of a similar theme (antifeudal and antiroman) as well as universal access to them, were called 'New Newspapers'.
Źródło:
Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki; 2011, 5; 57-63
1898-1127
Pojawia się w:
Gdański Rocznik Ewangelicki
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 32

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