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Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 44
Tytuł:
Europeanisation of the Polish Leniency Programme
Autorzy:
Korycińska-Rządca, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530195.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
leniency programme
harmonisation
spontaneous harmonisation
legislative harmonisation
judicial harmonisation
competition law
Opis:
Leniency programmes in competition law make it possible to grant immunity from fines, or a reduction of any fine that would otherwise have been imposed on an undertaking who was a party to an unlawful agreement restricting competition. This immunity or fine reduction is granted as a reward for the cooperation with the competition authority and the provision of evidence of an unlawful agreement restricting competition. Legal rules regarding the application of leniency programmes have been introduced at the EU level as well as in the national legislations of numerous countries, including Polish law. The author makes an attempt to establish the degree to which the Polish leniency programme is an effect of the impact of EU law or the application of law within the EU (for instance, by its institutions). The analysis has been made on three levels. Examined first was the degree to which the Polish leniency programme is a result of spontaneous harmonisation. Second, the impact of legislative harmonisation in the area of leniency programmes was taken into consideration. Finally, it was verified whether those Polish authorities that apply Polish competition law are inspired by judgements issued by EU courts in cases regarding leniency programmes
Les programmes de clémence prévus par le droit de la concurrence permettent d’accorder une immunité d’amende ou une réduction de toute amende qui aurait autrement été infligée à une entreprise partie à un accord illégal restreignant la concurrence. Cette immunité ou réduction d’amende est accordée à titre de récompense pour la coopération avec l’autorité de la concurrence et la fourniture de la preuve d’un accord illégal restreignant la concurrence. Les règles juridiques relatives à l’application des programmes de clémence ont été mis en place au niveau de l’UE, ainsi que dans les législations nationales de nombreux pays, y compris le droit polonais. L’auteur tente de déterminer dans quelle mesure le programme de clémence polonais est un effet de l’impact du droit de l’UE ou de l’application du droit au sein de l’UE (par exemple, par ses institutions). L’analyse a été faite à trois niveaux. Tout d’abord l’auteur examine dans quelle mesure le programme de clémence polonais résultait d’une harmonisation spontanée. Après, l’impact de l’harmonisation des législations dans le domaine des programmes de clémence a été prise en considération. Enfin, il a été vérifié si les autorités polonaises qui appliquent le droit de la concurrence polonais s’inspirent des décisions rendues par les tribunaux de l’Union européenne dans des affaires concernant des programmes de clémence
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2018, 11(18); 61-83
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ways of Harmonising Polish Competition Law with the Competition Law of the EU
Autorzy:
Kowalik-Bańczyk, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530344.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
harmonisation
spontaneous harmonisation
judicial harmonisation
convergence of competition law regimes in the European Union
Opis:
This article discusses the harmonisation of laws within the EU focusing on the specific ways of achieving an approximation of the Polish legal system with European competition law. It identifies and gives an overview of three specific ways of harmonising national laws with EU antitrust provisions: (1) spontaneous (or bottom-up) harmonisation; (2) judicial harmonisation and; (3) legislative harmonisation by means of EU Directives. With respect to the last category, particular attention is drawn to the legislative competences of the EU, allowing it to harmonise antitrust issues either on the basis of Articles 103 and 114 TFUE, or perhaps even on the basis of Article 82 TFEU
Le présent article explique la notion d'harmonisation du droit dans l'UE et se concentre sur les moyens particuliers de réalisation du rapprochement du droit polonais au droit de la concurrence de l'UE. Il identifie et offre un aperçu des trois façons de l'harmonisation du droit national avec le droit antitrust de l'UE: (1) l'harmonisation spontanée (ou bottom-up); (2) l’harmonisation juridique et (3) l'harmonisation législative par voie de directives. Dans ce dernier cas, une attention particulière est accordée aux compétences législatives de l'UE, ce qui lui permet d'harmoniser les questions du droit de la concurrence de l'UE, soit sur la base des articles 103 et 114 du TFUE, soit même, peut-être, sur la base de l'article 82 TFUE.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2014, 7(9); 141-159
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Unifying the regulation of budget accounting
Autorzy:
Wakuła, Monika
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1826503.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-08-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Przyrodniczo-Humanistyczny w Siedlcach
Tematy:
harmonisation
standardisation
budget accounting
Opis:
The unity of information from financial reports of economic entities from various countriesin the era of globalization takes on particular importance. To achieve such information, harmonizationand standardization of accounting rules in which the final result is financial reporting isnecessary. The data obtained from financial reports is also the basis for appraising the authoritieson the ways public funds are managed. Therefore, it is important for the included information to bereliable, credible and comparable. It can be provided by the introduction of International PublicSector Accounting Standards.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach; 2016, 38, 111; 41-50
2082-5501
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Enhanced Cooperation and Free Movement. Territorial Aspects of ‘Harmonisation’
Autorzy:
Malaga, Miłosz
Wilińska-Zelek, Anna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/685027.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
EU law
harmonisation
unitary patent
Opis:
In this article we examine the notion of ‘harmonisation’ in its interplay with the application of provisions on the free movement of goods. Due to the introduction of the European unitary patent protection system, we are witnessing the first cases of adopting enhanced cooperation in the internal market. This fact raises new, systemic questions concerning the concept of ‘harmonisation’ in European Union law. Are only legal, substantive aspects covered by its definition or should the territorial range of a legal act be taken into account? If yes – to what extent? Since the adoption of enhanced cooperation covers the field of intellectual property rights, the above questions concern the relationship between exercising those rights on the one hand and the principle of free movement on the other. A closer look at this matter leads to the conclusion that the unitary patent might not provide the solution to one of the problems that created for. More generally, in this article we conclude that when defining the concept of ‘harmonisation’, one should take its territorial scope into account narrowly, so as not to infringe the principles of EU law.
Źródło:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review; 2017, 7; 249-267
2450-0976
Pojawia się w:
Adam Mickiewicz University Law Review
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Adjustment of observation accuracy harmonisation parameters in optimising the network’s reliability
Autorzy:
Nowak, E.
Odziemczyk, W.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/106870.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Politechnika Warszawska. Wydział Geodezji i Kartografii
Tematy:
network reliability
accuracy harmonisation
niezawodność sieci
harmonizacja dokładności
Opis:
Appropriate precision and low cost are the basic conditions that have to be fulfilled by a project of a geodetic network. Reliability, translating into the ability to detect gross errors in the observations and higher certainty of the obtained point position, is an important network characteristic. The principal way to provide appropriate network reliability is to acquire a suitably large number of redundant observations. Optimisation of the observation accuracy harmonisation procedure allowing for the acquisition of an appropriate level of reliability through modification of the observation a priori standard deviations is the focus of this study. Parameterisation of the accuracy harmonisation is proposed. Furthermore, the influence of the individual parameter operation on the effectiveness of the harmonisation procedure is tested. Based on the results of the tests an optimal set of harmonisation parameters which guarantees the maximal efficiency of the harmonisation algorithm is proposed.
Źródło:
Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics; 2018, 105; 53-59
2391-8365
2391-8152
Pojawia się w:
Reports on Geodesy and Geoinformatics
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The European Composite Administration Facing the Challenges of Migration
Autorzy:
Kohtamäki, Natalia
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1811339.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-10-28
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Centrum Europejskie
Tematy:
European Composite Administration
Migration Policy
Asylum Policy
Harmonisation
Regulation
Opis:
In classical theoretical reflections on international reality, one of the leading paradigms is the belief that the Westphalian order based on sovereign states has evolved into a diverse network of interdependent actors. From a legal perspective, a network such as this has the character of multi-level normative linkages. Legislation with varying degrees of impact in terms of its binding force is enacted within a number of parallel consultative bodies. Within the EU this network takes on a concretised, institutionalnormative dimension, the so-called European Composite Administration which is evident in specific areas such as cyber security, asylum and migration policies, energy, and financial market regulation. In the European Union, decentralised agencies play a leading role in a such compound bureaucracy. They are one of the main instruments in the European system for harmonising regulation and practices in specific areas of EU activity. In a crisis situation there is an increasing tendency to modify their powers. Within the European Composite Administration, bodies such as EASO, the agency responsible for migration and asylum policies, play a key coordinating role between the Member States. The crisis legitimises institutional changes, by expanding the catalogue of regulatory agencies' competencies. While practitioners, especially in individual offices in the Member States, may find such processes acceptable in relation to the ideal of efficient and effective administration, these phenomena may be regarded as worrying from the point of view of control over a growing complex integrated administrative apparatus.
Źródło:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs; 2021, 25, 3; 7-25
1428-149X
2719-3780
Pojawia się w:
Studia Europejskie - Studies in European Affairs
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O charakterze prawnym decyzji Europejskich Urzędów Nadzoru – rozważania w kontekście sprawy C‑370/12 Pringle oraz sprawy C‑270/12
On the legal status of the decisions of European supervisory authorities
Autorzy:
Nadolska, Aleksandra
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/11542701.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
financial stability
harmonisation
decisions of the European Supervisory Authorities
Opis:
European Supervisory Authorities’ decisions were, from the outset, of particular doctrinal interest, especially in the context of the formal legitimacy to issue them. There are questions as to whether the Agency’s competences in this field should be more on a clearer (than Article 114 TFEU) basis in the primary law of the European Union. It is not surprising that, in 2012, the Court of Justice of the European Union received an action for annulment of the provision of secondary legislation authorizing European Securities and Markets Authority to issue binding decisions prohibiting or restricting short selling of certain financial instruments. Although the proceedings in the case C‑270/12 were completed, it is necessary to make a few comments on the direction of the settlement. The starting point of this is the Court of Justice of the European Union decision in the case Pringle – a key judgment relating to the EU system.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS; 2014, 1(41); 11-26
1896-9852
2082-064X
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Prawnicze BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Harmonisation of maintenance performance indicators
Autorzy:
Grencik, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/328073.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Polskie Towarzystwo Diagnostyki Technicznej PAN
Tematy:
EFNMS
SMRP
wskaźnik
obsługa
maintenance
key performance indicators
harmonisation
Opis:
Globalization process brought the need for a common understanding of the indicators that are used to measure maintenance and availability performance. There have been numerous systems of indicators developed virtually by each larger company or organisation around the world. However, a common set of indicators and definitions would facilitate the ability of an international company to accurately perform benchmarking between facilities in different counties or continents. To resolve this problem, a team comprised of EFNMS and SMRP representatives is working toward a common set of indicators that can be applied globally. This cooperative effort is termed harmonisation.
Źródło:
Diagnostyka; 2009, 2(50); 3-6
1641-6414
2449-5220
Pojawia się w:
Diagnostyka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Tax Competition as a Challenge to the Governance of Global Economy
Autorzy:
Penttilä, Seppo
Kultalahti, Jukka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/623821.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-01-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
tax competition
tax harmonisation
hard law
soft law
globalisation
governance.
Opis:
The paper analyses the role of tax competition in global economy. How can tax systems respond to the challenge - by international cooperation or by national rules, by tax harmonisation or by tax competition? In this paper we approach the question as a matter of global governance. Tax competition is seen both as a means and as an object of global governance. Our conclusion is that there is no universal answer to the question: competition or harmonisation? Attempts to govern the processes of global economy on a national level may easily lead to tax competition. On the other hand, at least at the supranational level, i.e. at regional or global level, the goals and mechanisms of governance seem to emphasise harmonisation. Nowadays especially the OECD has become an important actor or forum for cooperation in taxation. It has succeeded in many ways in preventing and reducing harmful tax competition. The soft law mechanisms developed by the OECD have often been converted into the hard law mechanisms on national level. The governance activities have been based on both soft law and hard law mechanisms.
Źródło:
European Spatial Research and Policy; 2012, 19, 2
1231-1952
1896-1525
Pojawia się w:
European Spatial Research and Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Miarkowanie kary umownej w Kodeksie cywilnym i wybranych aktach modelowego prawa umów
Reduction the Specified Sum to Reasonable Amount in “Contractual Penalties Clauses” in Polish Civil Code and Selected Model Acts of Contract Law
Autorzy:
Juranek, Alexander Martin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/518634.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Jagielloński. Fundacja Utriusque Iuris
Tematy:
contractual penalties
reduction
Polish law
model law
European law
harmonisation
Opis:
This article aims synthetically to refer to discussion between Polish academiclawyers about the controversies regarding to reduction of a specified sum in “agreed or stipulated payment for non-performance” in art. 484 § 2 of Polish Civil Code. These conclusions, resulting from the analysis of Polish private law - will be referring to the same reduction-clause in three selected acts of contracts model law: UNIDROIT Principles of International Commercial Contracts, the Principles of European Contract Law and the Draft Common Frame of Reference. The last part of this article contains the conclusions de lege ferenda from comparative analysis.
Źródło:
Forum Prawnicze; 2020, 3(59); 47-63
2081-688X
Pojawia się w:
Forum Prawnicze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Leniency – the Polish Programme and the ‘Semi-formal’ Harmonisation in the EU by the European Competition Network
Autorzy:
Kulesza, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/530236.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-06-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
antitrust enforcement
European Competition Network
harmonisation
leniency
Model Leniency Programme
Polska
Opis:
When studying the legal character of the Polish leniency programme, one cannot overlook its origin and the harmonisation process of such programmes in the EU. From the beginning, the Polish programme has been, as it should be, bound to the EU programme and to the European Competition Network’s Model Leniency Programme. The paper briefly presents the European roots of the Polish leniency programme, its original convergence with the Commission’s programme and its current convergence with the Model Leniency Programme. In addition, the status of the Model Leniency Programme is analysed and questioned and its provisions are presented in the context of the evolution of Polish leniency. Some additions to the current Polish programme are suggested in conclusion.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2015, 8(11); 83-100
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Charakterystyka centrów finansowych offshore – tzw. rajów podatkowych
Offshore financial centres
Autorzy:
Wiśniewski, Piotr
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16539530.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012
Wydawca:
Kancelaria Sejmu. Biuro Analiz Sejmowych
Tematy:
financial policy
fiscal policy
offshore financial centre
tax haven
fiscal harmonisation
Opis:
The aim of this article is to introduce the concept of offshore financial centres (so-called „tax havens”). The first section briefly reviews definitions and characteristics of a tax haven. Next, the categorisation of offshore financial centres is presented. The last section examines financial and economic competitiveness of offshore financial centres. In the context of the EU’s fiscal harmonisation special attention is given to overseas territories of EU member states that can be classified as offshore financial centres.
Źródło:
Studia BAS; 2012, 3(31); 183-203
2080-2404
2082-0658
Pojawia się w:
Studia BAS
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Narodowy czy zharmonizowany system podatkowy?
Autorzy:
Piotrowska-Marczak, Krystyna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/610940.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej
Tematy:
national tax systems
tax harmonisation
globalization
narodowe systemy podatkowe
harmonizacja podatkowa
globalizacja
Opis:
The growing intensity of globalisation processes in the world economy in the 21st c. entails changes in national public finance systems, particularly in tax systems. The analysis presented in the article aims to establish whether tax harmonisation has some limitations and whether they concern a tax system as a whole or particular taxes. Moreover, if there are limitations to the harmonisation of entire tax systems, the question about the sovereignty of national tax systems arises.
Nasilający się w XXI w. proces globalizacji gospodarki światowej powoduje zmiany w systemie finansów publicznych poszczególnych krajów. Szczególną rolę w tym układzie odgrywają zmiany w systemie podatkowym. W niniejszych rozważaniach przeprowadzono analizy, których celem jest stwierdzenie, czy harmonizacja podatków ma ograniczenia i czy to może dotyczyć całego systemu, czy tylko pojedynczych podatków. Ponadto jeśli występują ograniczenia w harmonizacji całych systemów podatkowych, to jaki jest zakres suwerenności narodowych systemów podatkowych.
Źródło:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia; 2016, 50, 1
0459-9586
Pojawia się w:
Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio H – Oeconomia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spatial Data Infrastructure in Poland – lessons learnt from so far achievements
Autorzy:
Bielecka, E.
Dukaczewski, D.
Janczar, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/145501.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Czytelnia Czasopism PAN
Tematy:
interoperacyjność
harmonizacja
dane przestrzenne
Polish SDI
interoperability
harmonisation
organisation and cooperation
INSPIRE
Opis:
Polish spatial data infrastructure dates back 2010, the year when the Spatial Information Infrastructure Act transposing INSPIRE Directive entered into force. The present study provides valuable insight into the current status of Polish spatial data infrastructure (PSDI) as well as lessons learnt from so far efforts in implementing the principles and provisions of the INSPIRE Directive. Particular respect is given to policy, interoperability of data as well as cooperation between actors involved in PSDI establishment and maintenance. Data managed by the Surveyor General (SG), perceived as a backbone of a spatial data infrastructure, are of special importance. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations for further developments are given to foster SDI implementation in Poland. Results of the analysis clearly show that Polish spatial data infrastructure is in line with INSPIRE, and in a half of way being fully operational.
Źródło:
Geodesy and Cartography; 2018, 67, 1; 3-20
2080-6736
2300-2581
Pojawia się w:
Geodesy and Cartography
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Interconnecting Land Registers at the European Level: Technological Progress and Harmonization Aspects
Autorzy:
Gołaczyński, Jacek
Kaczorowska, Maria
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/40461093.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II
Tematy:
land registers
harmonisation
interconnection
information and communication technologies
European e-Justice Strategy
Opis:
Characterized by a substantial diversity and falling within the property law domain, land registration systems have been excluded from the European Union harmonization process. At the same time, however, cross-border access to land registry information is critical for the development of the internal market. Therefore, several ambitious strategies are being pursued at the European level to interconnect national land registers by fully exploiting the possibilities offered by the latest technological advances. This article investigates the effect of transnational cooperation initiatives aimed at interconnecting electronic land registers within the European e-Justice program for the enhancement of the integration of the real estate markets in Member States. In this respect, legal challenges connected with the standardization of land information are addressed from comparative and harmonization perspectives.
Źródło:
Review of European and Comparative Law; 2023, 55, 4; 29-68
2545-384X
Pojawia się w:
Review of European and Comparative Law
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 1-15 z 44

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