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Wyszukujesz frazę "Empiricism" wg kryterium: Temat


Tytuł:
Od Bacona do Hume’a – istota i odcienie empiryzmu w nowożytnej Anglii
From Bacon to Hume – essence and aspects of empiricism in modern England
Autorzy:
Andrzejewski, Bolesław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950263.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-12-16
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
empiricism
sensualism
induction
nominalism
Opis:
The aim of the article is to give a brief overview of English empiricism, particularly in modern philosophy. The paper will firstly examine the pre-enlightenment thought of F. Bacon, upon which it will discuss the empiricism of J. Locke, G. Berkeley and D. Hume. The general conclusion of the paper has it that although empiricism has assumed different shades, it has always permeated English culture.
Źródło:
Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna; 2012, 1, 2; 146-154
2299-1875
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Epistemologia Kanta jako rozwiązanie sporu empiryzmu z racjonalizmem
Kant’s Epistemology as Conclusion of Dispute Between Empiricism and Rationalism
Autorzy:
Wendland, Michał
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/950268.pdf
Data publikacji:
2012-12-16
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
epistemology
rationalism
empiricism
transcendentalism
Opis:
The article concerns some of the most important elements of I. Kant’s epistemology and its connections with earlier epistemological ideas, namely rationalism and empiricism. The history of dispute between rationalism (Descartes, Leibniz) and empiricism (Locke, Berkeley, Hume) is hereby shortly presented while Kant’s own philosophical achievements are suggested to be both alternative and synthesis of these. The main core of this paper is summary of basis of Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason; some most important categories are described: apriorism, synthetic and analytical judgements, knowledge a priori and a posteriori, main ideas of transcendental esthetics (two forms of pure intuition: time and space), main ideas of transcendental logic (forms of judgement and twelve categories). Also the meaning of Kant’s „copernican revolution” is presented as a turning point for classical German philosophy as well as for whole modern epistemology.
Źródło:
Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna; 2012, 1, 2; 155-168
2299-1875
Pojawia się w:
Filozofia Publiczna i Edukacja Demokratyczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Senses and “sensual data”
Autorzy:
Półtawski, Andrzej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1070376.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-31
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Kardynała Stefana Wyszyńskiego w Warszawie
Tematy:
sensual data
perception
empiricism
Opis:
One of the main goals of modern philosophy was to achieve an in-depth insight into the foundations of empirical knowledge. The problem was expected to be resolved by the analysis of experience. However, the road to a plausible account of experience was at the very beginning obstructed by turning the analysis into a search for clear and distinctive elements of experience and by sticking to purely intellectual intuition as means of this analysis. Moreover, clear and distinctive elements of experience were thought of as the basis of cognitive certainty. Both psychology and philosophy, at least until the nineteen-thirties, were deeply influenced by this essentially rationalistic conception of sensor experience. It is gestalt psychology and phenomenology that should be merited for overcoming that ill-conceived model. Only by taking into account the immediate sensor relation between the human subject and the environment, it is possible to show the kind of unity which is the prerequisite of human intellect.
Źródło:
Studia Philosophiae Christianae; 2020, 56, S1; 97-105
0585-5470
Pojawia się w:
Studia Philosophiae Christianae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
STANOWISKO LUDWIGA VON MISESA WOBEC HISTORYCYZMU I EMPIRYZMU
THE POSITION OF LUDWIG VON MISES IN CONFRONTING HISTORICISM AND EMPIRICISM
Autorzy:
SZABACIUK, WOJCIECH
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/513266.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Rzeszowski. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Rzeszowskiego
Tematy:
Ludwig von Mises
historicism
empiricism
Opis:
This article is an attempt to analyze of the standpoint's one of the most influential representative of Austrian Economics School against historicism and empiricism. This article shows that while Ludwig von Mises shared a standpoint of founder Austrian Economic School Carl Menger's against historicism, in the area of empirical methods in the social science differences between two key figures of Austrian School existed, and Mises rejected the empirical methods of Menger. The author of this article used an inter-pretative method of the social science and focused on the text's analysis. The article will conclude that in the opinion of Mises, historicism is the method of self-contradiction and empirical methods in the social science are imperfect and unreliable in the sphere of prediction future event.
Źródło:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo; 2014, 12, 4; 60-69 (10)
1732-9639
Pojawia się w:
Polityka i Społeczeństwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Souvenirs entomologiques de Jean-Henri Fabre: des « ailes de l’imagination » aux « sandales des faits observés »
Souvenirs entomologiques by Jean-Henri Fabre: from the “wings of imagination” to the “sandals of observed facts”
Autorzy:
Ringuedé, Yohann
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1048484.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-05-16
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
insects
entomology
popularization
empiricism
imagination
poetry
Opis:
Jean-Henri Fabre made numerous discoveries observing meticulously the lifestyle and behaviour of insects which lived around his traditional house in Provence. Those discoveries are still valid, even though the heterodox entomologist became the standard bearer for opponents of transformism, which perpetually progressed and is about to triumph. Fabre is first known to have been an outstanding observer, but also to have gathered together in a colossal collection his entomologist’s memoirs, whose literary – and even poetic – value is celebrated as far away as Japan. This article proposes to question the validity of the preconceived idea that Les Souvenirs entomologiques adds to the accurate eye of the observer the fertile imagination of the poet. Refusing to just make note of this a posteriori superposition, it hypothesizes that there is a reunification of the inflexible empiricism of the biological approach with a creative imagination which reveals to be omnipresent in every phase of Fabre’s enterprise: the hypothesis, the validation by observation, and the literary transcription.
Źródło:
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia; 2017, 44, 4; 159-171
0137-2475
2084-4158
Pojawia się w:
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Between Epistemology and Metaphysics in William James’s Philosophy
Autorzy:
Kilanowski, Marcin
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2044012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-06-30
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
radical empiricism
truth
pluralism
synechizm
tychizm
Opis:
William James’s philosophy has been treated as relativistic and sceptical, as a distortion of truth and rationality. In that way a lot of important elements crucial for understanding his philosophy have been overlooked. However, according to James, our cognition is not relativistic, because there is no room in his philosophy for a traditionally understood dichotomy between a knowing subject and a perceived object. We are all plunged into the stream of experience, and it is in it that we can find an overall picture of our world and our reality. We participate in the plurality of phenomena; we are surrounded by the plurality of things. Our world is continuous, and therefore it is continuously in the process of creation. In short, for James, the world is not a subjective construct created by human beings and his epistemology is closely related to his metaphysics to the point at which it is difficult to consider the distinction between the two. To present these crucial aspects of William James’s philosophy in the most meticulous way possible, this essay, will try to clear up doubts concerning James’s concept of Radical Empiricism, truth, and his understanding of pluralism, as well as the categories of synechism and tychism.
Źródło:
Kultura i Edukacja; 2015, 2(108); 30-38
1230-266X
Pojawia się w:
Kultura i Edukacja
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Quine on the Dogmas of Empiricism
Autorzy:
Marsonet, Michele
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1037994.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
conceptual schemes
empiricism
science
epistemology
ontology
language
Opis:
In his works the American philosopher Willard van Quine constantly rejects the analytic/synthetic distinction claiming that it is not justified. This happens because, in his opinion, human statements about the external world face the tribunal of experience not individually but as a corporate body, which implies that the judgment on their validity ultimately rests on experience itself. Many problems arise at this point, since even language plays a fundamental role in the Quinean view, and it must be accommodated into the picture if the picture itself means to be coherent. Conceptual scheme and external world are both necessary, but language does not seem to be a factor whose ultimate legitimacy relies on something outside the conceptual sphere, and this means in turn that we face a dualistic situation. Conceptual schemes or world-views, like the ones provided by Newtonian mechanics or quantum theory, are the primary bearers of truth, and the truth of a statement strictly depends from the particular conceptual scheme one currently adopts.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2019, 20; 93-105
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Ajdukiewicz and the Notion of Conceptual Apparatus
Autorzy:
Marsonet, Michele
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1968691.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-07-01
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
language
conceptual apparatus
conceptual scheme
ontology
empiricism
Opis:
The Polish philosopher Kazimierz Ajdukiewicz adopted the notion of “conceptual apparatus”, which is very similar to the idea of “conceptual scheme” put forward by Donald Davidson, Willard V. Quine, Nicholas Rescher and others. Ajdukiewicz’s theses are, in this regard, very important although less known, and he treated cognitive processes as inseparably connected with language.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2021, 12, 24; 226-229
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Teoria – empiria – praktyka. Status metodologiczny nauk społecznych
Theory – Empiricism – Practice. The Methodological Status of Social Sciences
Autorzy:
Banaszak, Sławomir
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1070742.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017-06-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
theory
empiricism
empirical studies
theoretical reflection
practical sciences
Opis:
The mutual relations between theory (seen as a set of theoretical statements) and empiricism is of special importance, especially in pedagogics. Why? Since pedagogics is immersed in practice, everyday reality and the mundane. The author focuses his reflections on the observation of an insufficient use of the theoretical potential by contemporary social sciences. Obviously, this is accompanied by the insufficient use of the research potential, which in turn deepens the stagnation in the field of theory. The author takes into account the classical approaches to theory with its relations with empiricism and moreover indicates contemporary exemplifications of this state of affairs. He moreover claims that research results are inadequately linked to theoretical reflection and indicates the similarities and differences in this respect in the field of social sciences.
Źródło:
Studia Edukacyjne; 2017, 44; 65-77
1233-6688
Pojawia się w:
Studia Edukacyjne
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Racjonalizm kultury intelektualnej Johna Locke’a
John Locke’s Rationalism of Intellectual Culture
Autorzy:
Janeczek, Stanisław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1807440.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-01-02
Wydawca:
Katolicki Uniwersytet Lubelski Jana Pawła II. Towarzystwo Naukowe KUL
Tematy:
J. Locke
racjonalizm
empiryzm
John Locke
rationalism
empiricism
Opis:
Artykuł podejmuje problematykę należącą do epistemologii Johna Locke’a, charakterystycznego reprezentanta idei Oświecenia. Zwraca się uwagę na szerszy kontekst intelektualny tych rozstrzygnięć, mających odniesienia światopoglądowe czy społeczno-polityczne. Choć struktura An Essay Concerning Human Understanding sugeruje, że empiryzm jest konsekwencją antynatywizmu, to jednak logika wywodów Locke’a nakazuje uznać to rozstrzygnięcie za konsekwencję systemową rozważań o bardziej podstawowym charakterze. Nie sposób jednak nie docenić wagi refleksji Locke’a w zakresie oceny ludzkich możliwości poznawczych, uwidaczniającej się na gruncie teorii wiedzy, tyleż w kontekście wyakcentowania znaczenia ludzkiej „praxis”, co też specyfiki jego teorii nauki, pojętej w sensie nowożytnego przyrodoznawstwa. Może to prowadzić do wyróżnienia dwu poziomów jego refleksji nad poznaniem, czyli poziomu oficjalnego i nieoficjalnego, w formie analiz normatywnych oraz opisowych, tj. dotyczących metod stosowanych w praktyce naukowej czy przekonań formułowanych na użytek praktyki życiowej. Poziomowi pierwszemu odpowiadałby „twardy” empiryzm, charakterystyczny dla II księgi An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, zaś drugiemu – właściwy księdze IV – racjonalizm, dominujący jednak nawet nad pierwszym podejściem. W tym kontekście rodzi się potrzeba wyjścia poza uprawomocnienie jedynie wąskiego kręgu prawd należących do empirystycznie ugruntowanej właściwej wiedzy naukowej, zobiektywizowanej i pewnej („knowledge”), w kierunku usankcjonowania skromniej pojętych przekonań, tyleż formułowanych na bazie racjonalnej, co z elementami subiektywistycznymi („belief”, „assent”).
This paper seeks to discuss the problems of John Locke's epistemology. Locke was a characteristic representative of the idea of the Enlightenment.  This text focuses on a broader intellectual context of Enlightenment solutions that refer to socio-political issues and to one's outlook. The structure of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding suggests that empiricism results from antinativism, nevertheless the logic of Locke's considerations makes us agree that this solution is a systematic consequence of a more basic reasoning. It is difficult not to appreciate the importance of Locke's reflection with regard to the assessment of human cognitive abilities. His assessment is made evident in the theory of knowledge, the importance of human praxis, and also in the specific character of his theory of science in the sense of modern natural history. This may lead to the distinction of two levels of his reflection on knowledge, i.e. the official level and the non-official level, in the form of normative and descriptive analyses, the analyses that deal with methods applied in scientific practice or beliefs formulated for the sake of  practical life. The first level would correspond to 'hard' empiricism, the  kind of empiricism characteristic of the 2nd book of An Essay Concerning Human Understanding; the second level is found in book four: rationalism that dominates, however, even over the first approach. In this context there is a need to go beyond the legitimation of only the narrow circles of truths that belong to proper learned knowledge based on empiricism, such knowledge that is objectified and certain. We need to legitimise more modest convictions formulated on a rational basis, convictions with subjectivistic elements (“belief,” “assent”).
Źródło:
Roczniki Kulturoznawcze; 2011, 2; 51-70
2082-8578
Pojawia się w:
Roczniki Kulturoznawcze
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Między empirią i teorią. O metodologicznej dyskusji historyków, siedemdziesiąt lat później
Between empiricism and theory. The methodological discussion of historians seventy years later
Autorzy:
Bugajewski, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2164486.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015-12-31
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Adam Marszałek
Tematy:
historiographical cognition
empiricism
theory
poznanie historyczne
empiryzm
teoria
Opis:
The paper provides an overview of a methodological debate taking place during the 7. General Congress of Polish Historians held in 1948 in Wrocław. The article differentiates between arguments stressing the importance of empirical basis for historical research and the voices emphasising the signifi cance of theoretical considerations.
Źródło:
Historia Slavorum Occidentis; 2015, 2(9); 210-224
2084-1213
Pojawia się w:
Historia Slavorum Occidentis
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Spekulatywny zwrot czy powrót do źródeł? O „kwartetach” Martina Heideggera i Grahama Harmana
A speculative turn or a return to the sources of thinking? About the “quartets” by Martin Heidegger and Graham Harman
Autorzy:
Żywiołek, Artur
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038527.pdf
Data publikacji:
2020-12-15
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
speculative turn
hybrid
essence
irreducibility
empiricism
object
thing
Opis:
The article contains reflections on the “speculative realism”, a direction in 21st century philosophy initiated by Graham Harman, whose books (The Quadruple Object, Object-Oriented Ontology. A New Theory of Everything) continue and process Martin Heidegger’s concept of “the quadruple” (das Geviert), and they also use the ideas of such thinkers as Edmund Husserl and Bruno Latour. The basic problem formulated in this text arises from the following questions: is speculative realism another turn in scientific research, or rather a return to those sources of thinking that take into account the complexity and the irreducibility of reality to any metaphysical instance? What is the role of the “speculative turn” in cultural studies, in various interpretative practices?
Źródło:
Przestrzenie Teorii; 2020, 34; 245-265
2450-5765
Pojawia się w:
Przestrzenie Teorii
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Różne rodzaje myślenia w rozwiązywaniu problemów matematycznych
Autorzy:
Ciosek, Marianna
Ratusinski, Tadeusz
Turnau, Stefan
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/749350.pdf
Data publikacji:
2017
Wydawca:
Polskie Towarzystwo Matematyczne
Tematy:
thinking, empiricism, intuition, deduction, induction, solution, visualization, spreadsheet, computer.
Opis:
W artykule zamieszczono siedem autentycznych rozumowań, uzyskanych oduczniów szkoły średniej oraz studenta studiów doktoranckich z matematykiw wyniku obserwacji ich pracy nad rozwiązaniem zadania. Każda z tych osóbrozwiązywała jedno z czterech zadań, wśród których jedno to standardowezadanie z geometrii analitycznej, a trzy pozostałe to zadania otwarte – każdeo innej strukturze logicznej. Opisane rozumowania są analizowane przezpryzmat wprowadzonej przez Profesor Zofię Krygowską typologii rodzajówmyślenia matematycznego, w której wyróżnia się: wnioskowanie empiryczne,rozumowanie intuicyjne oraz rozumowanie formalne. W komentarzach do rozumowańuwzględniane są także wyniki rozważań innych autorów na tematnatury myślenia matematycznego. W konkluzji zwrócono uwagę na różnice wrozumieniu przez poszczególnych uczniów, czym jest uzasadnienie stwierdzeniamatematycznego, a także na pewne podobieństwo między uczniem a osobą wykształconąmatematycznie w posługiwaniu się wnioskowaniem empirycznym.
Źródło:
Didactica Mathematicae; 2017, 39
2353-0960
Pojawia się w:
Didactica Mathematicae
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Language and Idealism
Autorzy:
Marsonet, Michele
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1968768.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-01-01
Wydawca:
Academicus. International Scientific Journal publishing house
Tematy:
language
philosophy of language
metaphysics
ontology
epistemology
logical empiricism
Opis:
In the philosophical inquiry adopted by logical empiricists, analysis of scientific language becomes something similar to a metaphysical endeavor which is meant to establish the bounds of sense, and this stance may be easily traced back to Wittgenstein’s Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus. On the other hand, the analytic tradition transferred this conception to the analysis of ordinary language, and this move, eventually, was able to restore the confidence of many philosophers in their own work. After all they were doing something important and worthwhile, that is to say, something no one else was doing, since linguists are certainly concerned with language, but from quite a different point of view. At this point we may well ask ourselves: What is wrong with this kind of approach, given the present crisis of the analytic tradition and the growing success of the so-called postanalytic thought? At first sight it looks perfectly legitimate and, moreover, it produced important results, as anybody can verify just reading the masterpieces of contemporary analytic philosophy. To answer the question: What is wrong?, we must first of all take into account language itself and check what it is meant to be within the analytic tradition. This will give our question a clear answer. We have to verify, furthermore, what kind of knowledge philosophy needs to be equipped with if it wants to preserve its autonomy. The logical positivists clearly claimed in their program that there is no synthetic a priori knowledge such as the one envisioned by Immanuel Kant. There is, however, an analytic and a priori knowledge which is supplied by mathematics and logic alone. Within this field, the techniques of contemporary formal logic are exalted because they allow us to build artificial languages which - at least theoretically - eliminate the ambiguities of everyday speech.
Źródło:
Academicus International Scientific Journal; 2021, 12, 23; 156-177
2079-3715
2309-1088
Pojawia się w:
Academicus International Scientific Journal
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Oblicza matematycznego quasi-empiryzmu
The kinds of mathematical quasi-empirism
Autorzy:
Wójtowicz, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/690708.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Copernicus Center Press
Tematy:
Imre Lakatos
mathematical realism
quasi-empiricism
Willard Van Orman Quine
Opis:
The received view concerning mathematics is the one, that mathematics is a priori, and that mathematical knowledge develops via 'intelektuelle Anschauung' rather than by analyzing empirical data. Mathematical proofs seems to be immune to empirical refutation, and in particular the development of mathematics does not in any way resemble the development of e.g. physics. On the other hand, it is quite clear, that mathematics play a fundamental role in science, and it is often considered to be rather just a useful tool, which provides a language and a conceptual system allowing to express statements concerning empirical world. Such views stress the dependence of mathematics upon physics. In the article, the author presents two quite different aspects of this problem: the ontological and the methodological aspects. According to Quine, our argumentation in favor of mathematical realism should be based on the analysis of ontological commitment of empirical theories. There is no other compelling argument for mathematical realism. According to Lakatos, mathematical knowledge develops in a way similar to empirical science: it is fallible, and the proper model to describe it is the model of proofs and refutations. In the article the author describes and contrast these two points of view.
Źródło:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce; 2009, 44; 61-83
0867-8286
2451-0602
Pojawia się w:
Zagadnienia Filozoficzne w Nauce
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł

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