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Wyświetlanie 31-45 z 242
Tytuł:
Systemowe zarządzanie energią jako przykład zrównoważonego rozwoju
Energy management system as an example of sustainable development
Autorzy:
Wysokiński, Marcin
Gromada, Arkadiusz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/451901.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Gospodarki Euroregionalnej im. Alcide De Gasperi w Józefowie
Tematy:
energy
energy management system sustainable development
ISO 50001:2011
Polska
energia
systemowe zarządzanie energią zrównoważony rozwój
Opis:
Celem artykułu było przedstawienie systemowego zarządzania energią (SZE) jako przykładu zrównoważonego rozwoju. W artykule dokonano także analizy liczby ważnych certyfikatów ISO 50001:2011 na świecie, głównie w krajach Unii Europejskiej. W artykule wykorzystano materiały badawcze o charakterze wtórnym – literaturę przedmiotu oraz dane pochodzące z ankiety przeprowadzonej przez ISO. Przeprowadzone badania pozwalają stwierdzić, że liczba wydawanych certyfikatów ISO 50001:2011 rokrocznie wzrasta i dotyczy to większości krajów Unii Europejskiej. Uzyskanie tego certyfikatu oznacza wprowadzanie w przedsiębiorstwie systemowego zarządzania energią i realizowanie założeń siódmego celu zrównoważonego rozwoju: czysta i dostępna energia. Dzięki tego typu działaniom możliwe jest zmniejszenie kosztów prowadzenia działalności gospodarczej, zmniejszenie zużycia energii w przedsiębiorstwie, jak i obniżenie emisji substancji szkodliwych dla środowiska.
Presentation of system energy management (SZE) as an example of sustainable development. Analyzing the number of valid ISO 50001: 2011 certificates in the world, mainly in European Union countries. Secondary research materials were used - literature on the subject and data from the survey conducted by ISO. The number of issued ISO 50001: 2011 certificates annually increases. This applies to most countries of the European Union. The largest number of valid certificates concerns the sector of metals and metal products, the food products sector and the sector of rubber and plastic products. The countries of the European Union with the largest number of valid certificates are Germany, Great Britain and Italy. Obtaining the ISO 50001 certificate means introducing in the enterprise systemic energy management and implementation of the assumptions of the seventh goal of sustainable development: clean and available energy. With this type of action it is possible to reduce the cost of doing business, reduce energy consumption in the enterprise, and reduce emissions of environmentally harmful substances.
Źródło:
Journal of Modern Science; 2018, 39, 4; 241-256
1734-2031
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Modern Science
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Energy and Carbon Footprint Analysis for Machiningtitanium Ti-6Al-4V Alloy
Autorzy:
Rajemi, M. F.
Mativenga, P. T.
Jaffery, S. I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/971220.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Wrocławska Rada Federacji Stowarzyszeń Naukowo-Technicznych
Tematy:
energy footprin
energy carbon
machining
sustainable manufacturing
Opis:
Titanium alloys are increasingly being used in manufacturing especially in aerospace industries. The environmental impact of using this material is rarely discussed especially with regards to energy consumption and its contribution to carbon emissions. The poor machinability of titanium leads to lower material removal rate and longer machining time. Coupled with high carbon footprints encountered, in extracting this material from ore, it is clear that the environmental impact of using this material needs to be optimised. In the research reported here, cutting tests were undertaken on a lathe and milling machine using unified cutting conditions. The associated energy and carbon footprints were analysed and discussed with emphasis on high speed machining. The paper clearly shows the impact of process choice and cutting speed on environmental footprints as a key performance measure in sustainable manufacturing.
Źródło:
Journal of Machine Engineering; 2009, 9, 1; 103-112
1895-7595
2391-8071
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Machine Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Cost-optimal methodology for energy requalification of “raffaello” school in Pistoia
Autorzy:
Ciacci, Cecilia
Banti, Neri
Di Naso, Vincenzo
Bazzocchi, Frida
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/chapters/31233774.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Politechnika Białostocka. Oficyna Wydawnicza Politechniki Białostockiej
Tematy:
existing school
energy requalification
sustainable school
energy saving
Opis:
In 2017, 46.5% of school buildings in Italy needed urgent maintenance regarding architectural usability and accessibility, but also concerning structural, energy and environmental aspects. 36% of the energy needs during the operational and management phase of the Italian school sector is required by secondary schools. The main objective of this paper is to propose an integrated (architectural, energy and environmental) redevelopment for the “Raffaello” School in Pistoia (Italy) aimed at improving the environmental and technological system and decreasing the building’s primary energy demand. Here, for the sake of brevity, we will only deal explicitly with energy rehabilitation. The results show that the replacement of the artificial lighting system with LED lamps alone leads to a 45% decrease in primary energy demand. Moreover, for the sake of completeness a cost-optimal analysis was performed referred to both heating and lighting system and technological solution for the external envelope. The cost-optimal analysis points out that the substitution of artificial lighting system is the upgrade measure that satisfy both economic and energy sustainability, confirming previous findings. Regarding external envelope redevelopment the more advantageous solution is the one with external insulation layer in wood fiber with aerated concrete blocks for load-bearing functional layer.
Źródło:
Innovations – Sustainability – Modernity – Openness. Modernity in engineering; 23-47
9788366391901
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wind Energy for Sustainable Development as Applied to the Kaliningrad Region of Russia: Technical Aspects
Autorzy:
Nikishin, Andrey
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1390622.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa w Poznaniu
Tematy:
wind energy
sustainable development
energy system
mathematical model
Opis:
Sustainable development means the shift towards the use of sustainable renewable Energy sources. The development of wind energy is certainly one of the most successful examples of how to do this. Wind power engineering is the fastest developing branch of the global Energy industry. In 2014, the world reached the highest level of new wind turbines installed, a capacity more than 51 GW. This means that the share of wind in total electricity production is increasing, reaching, in some countries, outstanding values (for example, 39% of total electricity consumption in Denmark in 2014). The total capacity of a new wind turbine is comparable with the biggest traditional electrical power plants and the total installed capacity of the energy system. However, it causes specific problems of interconnection, operation, and putting such installations in traditional energy systems with traditional energy sources. There are good chances that the Kaliningrad region energy system in the nearest future would have to go into isolate operation because of the disconnection of Lithuanian, Latvian, and Estonian energy systems from Russian networks. If that is the case, the development of wind energy in the Kaliningrad region could become one of the most attractive options for a sustainable future of power engineering.
Źródło:
Studia Periegetica; 2016, 15(1); 73-81
1897-9262
2658-1736
Pojawia się w:
Studia Periegetica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Energiewende and its implications for Germany’s energy security
Autorzy:
Ogurek, Artur
Krzemień, Robert
Kaminski, Radosław
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/14431288.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-03-27
Wydawca:
Wyższa Szkoła Bankowa we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
energy security
conventional energy
renewable energy sources
sustainable development
energy transition
Opis:
  Aim: In the 21st century, energy security is one of the most important elements of contemporary politics and economy. The German turn in energy policy is the first attempt on a global scale to move away from nuclear energy to the use of renewable energy (RES -Renewable Energy Sources), albeit with a temporary increase in the use of conventional energy sources (in particular coal). The authors undertook to analyze the course of the German policy turn as well as new opportunities and threats to the stability of its energy system, notably electricity sector.   Design / Research methods: In order to analyze the course of the German turn in energy policy as comprehensively as possible, the authors recurred to various studies, often presenting divergent points of view on changes in the German energy industry in recent years. The research process was based on the analysis of the content of the materials subject to consideration.   Conclusions / findings: The analysis carried out shows that the efforts to increase the share of renewable energy will be continued in the near future, while limiting the role of traditional energy sources, with the exception of lignite. The policy will also directly lead to a continued importance of natural gas for the global economy. The changes taking place in the German energy balance to a certain extent limit the country’s energy security. This is due to the fact that supplies from wind and solar power plants that are to become dominant in the German energy system are of high volatility and thus constitute a significant threat. Progress in generating energy from renewable sources is not accompanied by similar progress in its storage, and without such storage capacity renewable energy sources will never be stable.   Originality / value of the article: The doctrinal assumptions of Energiewende (German energy transition) are fully consistent with the assumptions of the European climate and energy policy, which is also very important from the point of view of Poland. However, attention should be paid to the fact that too rigorous approach to its implementation may - still for a long time - threaten the economy and energy security of Germany and of other European Union states.   Implications: The conducted analysis unambiguously indicates the direction of the energy policy turn in Germany and in other EU states, as well as a change in the way the energy security system operates. The example of Germany, a highly industrialized country seeking to actively participate in the fulfillment of the commitments regarding the international mechanisms designed to combat the climate change, in particular by the transition of its energy sector towards a near zero emission economy, may provide model solutions which could potentially be adopted in other countries.
Źródło:
Central European Review of Economics and Management; 2019, 3, 1; 133-155
2543-9472
Pojawia się w:
Central European Review of Economics and Management
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ENERGY SECURITY OF UKRAINE IN THE CONTEXT OF ITS SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT
Autorzy:
Semenenko, Inna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/517192.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
energy security
fuel and energy resources
sustainable development
energy efficiency
energy consumption
Opis:
Energy security is an important issue for Ukraine's sustainable development. The main goal of the article is to show the state of energy security of Ukraine, analyze its tendencies and challenges, reveal the impact of energy security on sustainable development of a country. The state of the energy security of Ukraine was analyzed with the help of data collection, processing and analysis. Data was taken from State Statistics Service of Ukraine, Ministry of Energetics and Coal Industry of Ukraine, other sources, and analyzed with the help of tools of statistics and economic analysis. Ukraine, being a developing country and experiencing war, political and economic crisis, struggles for energy security support. The present state of energy availability and consumption in the country influences its sustainable development and political stability, and is a significant restraint in country's survival. Despite the fact that Ukraine has enough resources' deposits to provide itself with energy, it provides less than 50% of own demands and is dependent on Russia's resources. Production of energy in Ukraine is decreasing, but energy consumption remains high. Ukrainian industries are energy-wasteful and energy-inefficient; the country has the leading positions in energy intensity of GDP. The article shows the relation of energy sources and energy security of Ukraine to sustainable development, reveals the dependency of the Ukrainian energy security, and indicates its main threats and ways out.
Źródło:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy; 2016, 11, 3; 537-555
1689-765X
2353-3293
Pojawia się w:
Equilibrium. Quarterly Journal of Economics and Economic Policy
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Change Dynamics of Electricity Prices for Households in the European Union between 2011 and 2020
Autorzy:
Kozar, Łukasz
Paduszyńska, Marta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2033967.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021-12-09
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Łódzki. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego
Tematy:
electricity price
energy sector
sustainable development
Opis:
The aim of the article: The aim of the article is to evaluate and analyze the dynamics of electricity prices for households in the European Union member states (EU-27) in the period 2011–2020. The study also focuses on the key components of electricity prices in the countries analyzed. The discussed issues are important from the socio-economic point of view. It refers to the issue of sustainable development, where electricity prices are addressed in relation to the problem of energy poverty of households. Methodology: The study is of a theoretical and analytical character. In addition to the review of available dnational and foreign literature, Eurostat data on electricity prices for households in the EU-27 were analysed. Moreover, the paper presents the application of a selected cluster analysis method, i.e. the k-means method, to assess the situation of the EU-27 countries in terms of electricity prices for households in the analysed period of 2011–2020. Results of the research: The result of the analyses undertaken is a presentation of the share of VAT and other taxes and levies in the price of electricity for households. The analyses showed differences between the countries in the structure of establishing the electricity price for households. Only in three countries (Bulgaria, Hungary, Slovakia) it was found that there was no share of other taxes and levies in the electricity price. In turn, the applied k-means method contributed to obtaining the division of countries into four groups reflecting the differentiation in terms of the amount of electricity price for households in the period under study.
Źródło:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe; 2021, 4, 32; 97-115
2391-6478
2353-5601
Pojawia się w:
Finanse i Prawo Finansowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Zrownoważona energia jako warunek konieczny dla realizacji idei zrownowa.onego rozwoju
Sustainable energy as a sine qua non condition for the achievement of sustainable development
Autorzy:
Pawłowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/371162.pdf
Data publikacji:
2009
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Komitet Człowiek i Środowisko PAN
Tematy:
rozwój zrównoważony
energia
energy
sustainable development
Źródło:
Problemy Ekorozwoju; 2009, 4, 2; 3-14
1895-6912
Pojawia się w:
Problemy Ekorozwoju
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Circular economy practices as a tool for sustainable development in the context of renewable energy: What are the opportunities for the EU?
Autorzy:
Jakubelskas, Ugnius
Skvarciany, Viktorija
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/19903811.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
circular economy
sustainable development
renewable energy
Opis:
Research background: In order to tackle climate change and ensure Paris agreements are met, countries are forced to look for alternative ways of producing, consuming, and wasting and adopt a circular economy. Reduction of greenhouse gas emissions becomes one of the key elements. The demand for electricity is increasing, and most greenhouse gas emissions derive from the energy sector. Because of that, it is crucial to ensure the transition from fossil fuels to renewable energy. Renewable energy, as a part of the circular economy, also contributes to sustainable development. Only the efficient implementation of circular economy and renewable energy practices can ensure that sustainable development goals are achieved. Purpose of the article: The study aims at determining the efficiency of European Union countries implementing circular economy practices through renewable energy to attain SDGs. The study focuses on the significance of renewable energy as a tool for the circular economy to achieve sustainable development and highlights the progress achieved in SDG through renewable energy in the EU. Methods: For efficiency assessment of the circular economy represented by the renewable energy indicators, data envelopment analysis (DEA) was performed. Findings & value added: This study presents a relation analysis of the circular economy and renewable energy and the importance of efficiency in achieving SDGs through a circular economy. The study helps to understand the circular economy represented by renewable energy and how it transforms into sustainable development and contributes to necessary actions needed for countries to improve. Based on the results, Sweden, Luxembourg, Ireland, Latvia, Estonia, Malta, the Netherlands and Bulgaria are considered the most efficient countries, while Austria is the least efficient. Unused solar and wind power potential can slow down sustainable development; however, EU programs and renewable energy strategies help countries move towards clean energy and ensure efficient implementation of sustainable development goals.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2023, 14, 3; 833-859
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
THE ROLE OF THE STATE IN CREATING GREEN ECONOMY
Autorzy:
Szyja, Paulina
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/488901.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
sustainable development
environment
state
green economy
energy
Opis:
Since the crisis of the real economy in 2008, an intense discussion about the need for changes in the economy, supported by a number of declarations on the global scale, has been developed. The analysis of the causes and effects of the economic downturn and the challenges of the future have had a huge impact on this state of affairs. As a result, some states have taken action to remedy the situation. Many of them were aimed at structural changes in production, consumption and environmentally friendly investment. At the same time, the concept of "low carbon economy" and "green economy" gained importance. The aim of this paper is to present the role of the state in the economy in terms of creating conditions for a green economy. The thesis of the publication is: implementation of structural changes related with creating a green economy requires involvement of the state.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2016, 7, 2; 207-222
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
SUPPORT FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY IN GERMANY AS AN EXAMPLE OF EFFECTIVE PUBLIC POLICY
Autorzy:
Baran, Bernadeta
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/489051.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Instytut Badań Gospodarczych
Tematy:
renewable energy sources
green growth
sustainable development
Opis:
This article aims to analyze the process of energy transformation in Germany and renewable energy state support as an example of a strategic and effective policy. Energy transition in Germany, which leads to replacement of conventional energy with renewable sources and increase of energy efficiency is a long-term project requiring a strong state intervention. This project is supported with European Union green energy policy giving favorable legal and institutional framework for green technologies development. The process of energy transformation in Germany started more than two decades ago and nowadays this economy benefits from growing number of new jobs and export of high-tech products. The article analyzes the concept of "green growth" in the EU, which is both determinant and the effect of energy transformation in Germany. It discusses support mechanisms and instruments for German green energy sector, transformation goals in that area, financing sources and the most important economic effects.
Źródło:
Oeconomia Copernicana; 2015, 6, 2; 143-158
2083-1277
Pojawia się w:
Oeconomia Copernicana
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
EU Energy Solidarity as a Way of Implementing Just Transition in Energy Policy
Autorzy:
Zajdler, Robert
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/43467356.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwo Naukowe Wydziału Zarządzania
Tematy:
energy solidarity
just transition
internal market
energy policy
sustainable development
competition
Opis:
The principle of EU energy solidarity, regulated by Article 194 of the Lisbon Treaty, has created a new dimension of energy sector developments. Initially, it was treated as an abstract, purely political concept with no particular normative significance. However, the CJEU judgment in the OPAL case established energy solidarity as a principle of EU law, deriving, inter alia, from the principle of justice. The concept of just transition, based on the same foundations of justice, creates directions for socio-economic transformation based on a sustainable and low-carbon economy. Energy solidarity is, in fact, a way of implementing the assumptions and directions of the development of just transition, based on normative premises ensuring energy security, economic competitiveness and sustainable development.
Le principe de solidarité énergétique de l’UE, régi par l’article 194 du traité de Lisbonne, a donné une nouvelle dimension aux développements du secteur de l’énergie. Initialement, il était considéré comme un concept abstrait, purement politique, sans signification normative particulière. Cependant, l’arrêt de la CJUE dans l’affaire OPAL a fait de la solidarité énergétique un principe du droit de l’UE, découlant, entre autres, du principe de justice. Le concept de transition juste, basé sur les mêmes fondements de justice, crée des orientations pour la transformation socio-économique basée sur une économie durable et à faible émission de carbone. La solidarité énergétique est en fait un moyen de mettre en œuvre les hypothèses et les orientations du développement de la transition juste, sur la base de prémisses normatives garantissant la sécurité énergétique, la compétitivité économique et le développement durable.
Źródło:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies; 2023, 16, 28; 69-88
1689-9024
2545-0115
Pojawia się w:
Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Energia odnawialna w zrównoważonej polityce UE
Autorzy:
Kurzak, L.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2068398.pdf
Data publikacji:
2010
Wydawca:
Politechnika Częstochowska
Tematy:
energia odnawialna
źródła energii
ekorozwój
renewable energy
energy sources
sustainable development
Opis:
W pracy omówiono problem zrównoważonego rozwoju społeczno-gospodarczego Unii Europejskiej i bardzo ważnego elementu tego rozwoju, jakim jest zaopatrzenie energetyczne. Energetyka, opierająca się na odnawialnych źródłach energii, jest wiodącą i perspektywiczną technologią walki z globalnym ociepleniem, jednym z najważniejszych wyzwań rozwoju współczesnej cywilizacji. Energetyka odnawialna należy do najczystszych i ekonomicznie efektywnych technologii energetycznych.
This study emphasizes the problems of sustainable socioeconomic growth in the European Union and a very important element of this growth, which is energy supply. Energy sector based on renewable energy sources, is a leading and prospective technology of fighting global warming, one of the biggest challenges faced by the contemporary civilization. Renewable energy belongs to the cleanest and most efficient, in economic sense, energy technologies.
Źródło:
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Budownictwo; 2010, 16 (166); 47-55
0860-7214
Pojawia się w:
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Budownictwo
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
ICT Systems in reducing environmental impact – a way towards sustainability?
Autorzy:
Lorek, Paweł
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/432384.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
sustainable development
ICT systems
environmental impact
energy consumption
Opis:
The article discusses the issue of the evaluation of IT solutions in terms of sustainable development. Information systems manufacturers are increasingly showing interest in the market of pro-environmental services. The products they offer are to fit into the sector related to the reduction of energy intensity, renewable energy sources as well as waste management and recycling. However, there are many doubts about the benefits as well as the legitimacy of using such solutions. The article attempts a preliminary analysis of the potential benefits and problems that may occur using the example of a household energy consumption management system. The analysis takes into account the negative environmental and social effects that co-occur in the dissemination of IT solutions. These effects, often overlooked or not considered at all, constitute an important component of growth barriers for the entire ICT sector.
Źródło:
Informatyka Ekonomiczna; 2019, 1 (51); 35-43
1507-3858
Pojawia się w:
Informatyka Ekonomiczna
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Analiza opłacalności mikroinstalacji fotowoltaicznej (PV) w Polsce w oparciu o produkcję energii elektrycznej na potrzeby własne
Profitability analysis of photovoltaic microinstallation in Poland based on electrical energy production for own use
Autorzy:
Chmieliński, Maciej
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/569842.pdf
Data publikacji:
2015
Wydawca:
Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wrocławiu
Tematy:
photovoltaics
grid parity
renewable energy
sustainable development
prosumer
Opis:
For the last couple of years it has been time of dynamic growth of renewable energy in the global market, and photovoltaics in particular. This development is fueled by the extraordinary plummet of PV production costs, increasing economies of scale and the introduction of support systems for renewable energy sources in many countries worldwide. Poland in the light of PV world market is still at the beginning of the development path mostly due to low nominal prices of electricity. Current efficiency of PV panels and their prices, coupled with the new renewable energy act in Poland, let the energy consumers (prosumers) unprecedentedly and economically produce electricity for their own purposes without subsidies, under certain conditions (so called grid parity). The goal of the paper is to measure the levels of profitability of the PV power plant with 5 kW capacity for residential customers in Poland (households in C11 and C12 tariffs) in thirty three largest electricity distribution regions. The paper answers the question, where and under which conditions in Poland the production of electricity from PV is economically viable, provided that all the energy is used for the own consumption of customers. The methodology of the work is based on the standard model of cash flow for an investment project for building a PV installation, where revenues are avoided costs of purchase and distribution of electricity, thanks to 100% electricity production from PV for the own purposes of the customer. As costs in turn the insurance of the PV and operation and maintenance were assumed. Profitability of PV is expressed as the internal rate of return IRR. Based on the calculation, the conclusion has been formulated that investing 1 440 PLN/kW of PV CAPEX (capital expenditures), most of the electricity regions benefit from profitable 5 kW PV investments, provided that all the electricity produced in PV is used for own purposes of the customer. Best IRRs appear in lubelski region, with 9,8% IRR and distribution system operator (DSO) of ENERGA at G12 tariff – 8-9% IRR. The only region with low profitability turned out to be DSO RWE Polska in Warsaw city, with IRR values not higher than 6%. Not sufficient values of IRR show up as well at G11 tariff for DSO Enea, for Gliwice region at DSO Tauron and for Łódź city at DSO PGE. The only one difficult condition to meet for a customer is a necessity to consume all the energy from PV for its own purposes. It is a tough task taking into account an average household energy consumption due to the fact that in most cases the consumption is relatively low during the day period. Thus, in sake of optimization, there is a need to choose such households which consumption profile suits best to the production profile of PV (or there is a need to lower the PV capacity to 2-3 kW, so that PV would produce all the energy for own purposes of the owner). In order for meeting this requirement, large houses will be taken into account, with above average consumption of electricity, possessing many household appliances, which work is necessary to properly run a household during the day. To sum up, PV micro installations may be profitable already today without a subsidy system, provided that they are installed in large houses with above average electricity consumption. This tendency is going to be strengthened over time also for average houses, together with improving PV technology. This in turn will cause capital expenditures’ decrease for unit installed, together with rising electricity costs for households in long term perspective on the market.
Źródło:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku; 2015, 3 (7)
2353-8929
Pojawia się w:
Ekonomia XXI Wieku
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Wyświetlanie 31-45 z 242

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