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Tytuł:
Numerical simulations of a bird strike against a helicopter windshield
Autorzy:
Ćwiklak, J.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/245130.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018
Wydawca:
Instytut Techniczny Wojsk Lotniczych
Tematy:
bird strikes
helicopter windshield
numerical analysis
LS-DYNA
Opis:
The article presents simulation results of a bird strike with a helicopter windshield of small helicopter category. It turns out that there are no certification requirements regarding windshield of this category. Therefore Agusta A109 helicopter as a representing this helicopter category has been chosen for researcher. The simulations were conducted on the basis of LS-DYNA software by means of the SPH method for bird model shape of cylinder with hemispherical endings for the speed of Vc = 285 km/h. The analyses regarded various angles of the bird model impact into windshield. As a result of the simulations, comparative analyses in the aspect of time curves of the kinetic energy, velocity, and windshield deformation were achieved. The analysis shows that at smaller angles of attack, the bird’s model has a higher speed at the moment of impact, and thus greater kinetic energy, because it did not lose speed as a result of the collision. In addition, the deflection of the windshield is smaller. In some cases, the deflection of the windshield may be observed, which indicates the elastic response of the system. In case of impact in the normal direction to the surface of the glass, the bird’s model practically pierces it. The use of a thicker pane translates into less deformation of the pane, but causes its destruction at the connection point with the helicopter carrier structure.
Źródło:
Journal of KONES; 2018, 25, 2; 81-88
1231-4005
2354-0133
Pojawia się w:
Journal of KONES
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Kolizje statków powietrznych z ptakami rosnącym zagrożeniem transportu lotniczego
Bird Impact – a Growing Threat for Aviation
Autorzy:
Zbrowski, A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/973270.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Centrum Naukowo-Badawcze Ochrony Przeciwpożarowej im. Józefa Tuliszkowskiego
Tematy:
bezpieczeństwo lotu
samoloty
koszty
ptaki
zderzenia
aircraft safety
aircraft
costs
birds
collision
Opis:
Cel: Identyfikacja zagrożeń związanych z następstwami kolizji statków powietrznych z ptakami oraz przedstawienie konsekwencji wypadków w wymiarze społecznym i finansowym. Wprowadzenie: Zderzenia środków transportu powietrznego z małymi obiektami stanowią poważny problem dotyczący bezpieczeństwa pasażerów, ładunków i urządzeń technicznych. Wśród tego typu zdarzeń dominują zajścia z udziałem ptaków. W artykule przedstawiono zagrożenia, jakie w lotnictwie stwarzają kolizje statków powietrznych z ptakami oraz innymi obiektami, które przypadkowo mogą zostać uderzone przez szybko poruszający się samolot znajdujący się w powietrzu lub na pasie startowym. Metodologia: Zjawisko znane jako Foreign Object Damage przedstawiono w ujęciu historycznym ze szczególnym podkreśleniem trendów i tendencji kształtujących się we współczesnych realiach technicznych, przyrodniczych i organizacyjnych. W prezentowanej pracy przeprowadzono analizę przyczyn zwiększających prawdopodobieństwo zdarzeń zakończonych uderzeniem ptaka w elementy struktury statku powietrznego. Omówiono zagadnienia o dużym ryzyku wypadkowym związane ze wzrostem natężenia ruchu lotniczego i przystosowaniem ptaków do warunków środowiskowych panujących wokół lotnisk. Przedstawiono informacje dotyczące liczby kolizji oraz ich związku ze zidentyfikowanymi przyczynami. Analizę przeprowadzono dla danych dotyczących lotnictwa cywilnego oraz lotnictwa wojskowego ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem informacji pochodzących z USA i Wielkiej Brytanii. Przedstawiono metody ograniczania ryzyka wystąpienia kolizji statku powietrznego z ptakiem. Omówiono skuteczność i efektywność ekonomiczną działań podejmowanych w celu zarządzania środowiskiem naturalnym na terenach lotnisk. Podkreślono rolę, jaką w ograniczaniu ryzyka pełnią międzynarodowe przepisy definiujące minimalne normy, wymagania i procedury regulujące zasady projektowania, produkcji, obsługi technicznej, użytkowania sprzętu lotniczego oraz licencjonowania personelu. Wnioski: Kolizje statków powietrznych z ptakami są problemem globalnym i dotyczą wszystkich podmiotów związanych z lotnictwem. Sformułowano tezę, że największy potencjał w długofalowych działaniach zmierzających do zmniejszenia zagrożenia wynikającego z kolizji statku powietrznego z ptakiem tkwi w rozwoju bezpiecznych konstrukcji płatowców i silników rozpraszających oraz pochłaniających energię uderzenia oraz wspomagających podejmowanie decyzji przez personel naziemn
Aim: Identification of risks following collisions between aircraft and birds, and exposure of socio-economic consequences after such incidents. Introduction: Aircraft collisions, with small objects, present a serious problem in connection with the safety of passengers, cargo and technical equipment. Most common incidents involve collisions with birds. This article presents emerging hazards caused by birds and other small objects, which collide with fast moving aircraft in the air or on the runway. Methodology: Incidents known as “Foreign Object Damage” are illustrated historically with a particular emphasis on emerging trends found in current technical, environmental and organisational circumstances. The author analysed causes leading to the increased probability of bird collisions with aircraft and examined issues associated with the high risk of accidents aligned with an increase in air traffic volume and bird acclimatisation to prevailing environments in the vicinity of airports. The article contains data about frequency of collisions and associated causes. An analysis was performed on data in respect of civil as well as military aviation, with a particular emphasis placed on information derived from USA and Great Britain. The author described approaches to minimise the risk of collision between aircraft and birds, and discussed the economical effectiveness of actions undertaken to manage the environment surrounding airports. The article highlights the role performed by international provisions covering risk mitigation, which define minimum norms, requirements and procedures regulating aircraft design, manufacturing processes, technical support, equipment use and awarding of licences to staff. Conclusions: The collision of aircraft with birds is a global problem and involves all elements associated with aviation. The author advanced an argument that the greatest potential for long-term efforts to reduce the risk of collisions between aircraft and birds lies in the design of safe airframe structures and engines which disperse as well as absorb energy created by the impact. This, accompanied by the development of ground-based and aircraft systems which, facilitate monitoring and prediction of bird behaviour, will which assist ground personnel and air crew in decision-making.
Źródło:
Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza; 2014, 4; 131-140
1895-8443
Pojawia się w:
Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The Early Eocene bird Gallinuloides wyomingensis - a stem group representative of Galliformes
Autorzy:
Mayr, G
Weidig, I.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21296.pdf
Data publikacji:
2004
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
Paraortygoides
bird
Eocene
Aves
Gallinuloides wyomingensis
Green River Formation
Galliformes
paleontology
Opis:
We identified a second, perfectly preserved skeleton of the earliest known galliform bird, Gallinuloides wyomingensis Eastman. The new specimen clearly shows that G. wyomingensis does not belong to crown group Galliformes as assumed by earlier authors. In particular, the primitive presence of a deeply excavated, concave facies articularis scapularis at the coracoid precludes the inclusion of G. wyomingensis into crown group Galliformes. Gallinuloides wyomingensis is morphologically very similar to Paraortygoides messelensis Mayr, a nearly contemporaneous galliform from Messel, Germany. The exclusive presence of stem group galliform birds in pre−Oligocene deposits does not support the Gondwanan origin of Galliformes as evidenced by the Southern Hemisphere distribution of basal crown group members (Megapodiidae and Cracidae).
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2004, 49, 2
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
“Bird in a Cage”: Traditions and Customs That Restrict Women’s Rights in the Kazakh Context as a Research Topic
Autorzy:
Absatar, Aruzhan
Alishayeva, Botakoz
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/29433377.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Bride kidnapping
Kazakh customs
traditions and wisdom
violence against women
women’s rights in Kazakhstan
restricted freedoms
personal boundaries
legal prevention of violence
the feminist thought and movement in Kazakhstan
research
challenges
Opis:
Kazakh traditional wisdom says “Kaytyp kelgen kyz zhaman” - a girl who returns to her parental home after marriage is a disgrace to the family. According to a women’s rights organization, up to 5,000 bride kidnapping acts occur annually in contemporary Kazakhstan. The authors would like to approach this socio-cultural phenomenon through considering the current situation of women and their rights in Kazakhstan. The article examines how outdated traditions and customs violate women’s’ personal boundaries and rights in Kazakhstan. Its main purpose is to attract the attention of the reader and potential researcher and to familiarize them with the topic (a specific form of violence against women), research methods, and research challenges. Until September 2019, there was no special legislation in Kazakhstan aimed at combating domestic violence. However, with the adoption of the Law “On the Prevention of Domestic Violence and the Protection of Victims of Domestic Violence” in September 2019, Kazakhstan introduced institutional measures to prevent and punish domestic violence. Nevertheless, people continue to follow their traditional customs, rather than live in accordance with new legislation.
Źródło:
Ethics in Progress; 2023, 14, 2; 38-49
2084-9257
Pojawia się w:
Ethics in Progress
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Caudipteryx as a non-avalian theropod rather than a flightless bird
Autorzy:
Dyke, G J
Norell, M.A.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22434.pdf
Data publikacji:
2005
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
bird
Avialae
feather
Cretaceous
Caudipteryx zoui
China
Theropoda
Dinosauria
Yixian Formation
paleontology
Opis:
Caudipteryx zoui is a small enigmatic theropod known from the Early Cretaceous Yixian Formation of the People’s Republic of China. From the time of its initial description, this taxon has stimulated a great deal of ongoing debate regarding the phylogenetic relationship between non−avialan theropods and birds (Avialae) because it preserves structures that have been uncontroversially accepted as feathers (albeit aerodynamically unsuitable for flight). However, it has also been proposed that both the relative proportions of the hind limb bones (when compared with overall leg length), and the position of the center of mass in Caudipteryx are more similar to those seen in extant cusorial birds than they are to other non−avialan theropod dinosaurs. This conclusion has been used to imply that Caudipteryx may not have been correctly interpreted as a feathered non−avialan theropod, but instead that this taxon represents some kind of flightless bird. We review the evidence for this claim at the level of both the included fossil specimen data, and in terms of the validity of the results presented. There is no reason—phylogenetic, morphometric or otherwise—to conclude that Caudipteryx is anything other than a small non−avialan theropod dinosaur.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2005, 50, 1
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A euenantiornithine bird from the Late Cretaceous Hateg Basin of Romania
Autorzy:
Wang, X.
Dyke, G.J.
Codrea, V.
Godefroit, P.
Smith, T.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/21454.pdf
Data publikacji:
2011
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Opis:
We present the first record of a euenantiornithine bird from Romania. A small collection of fossil remains from the Maastrichtian add to the known distribution of large euenantiornithines and descriptions of birds from the Haţeg Basin augment the known vertebrate fauna from this famous region of Transylvania. The new specimens referred here to an indeterminate taxon of euenantiornithine further demonstrate that the larger members of this diverse Cretaceous lineage were globally distributed, as many birds are today.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2011, 56, 4
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Wpływ ekranów akustycznych na śmiertelność ptaków na przykładzie Bielska-Białej
The impact of noise barriers on bird mortality: a case study of Bielsko-Biala town
Autorzy:
Adamczyk, Marcela
Chmura, Damian
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/16539559.pdf
Data publikacji:
2023-06
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Bielsko-Bialski
Tematy:
bariery dźwiękochłonne
awifauna
gatunki chronione
acoustic screens
avifauna
protected species
Opis:
The studies on bird mortality along 12 transparent acoustic barriers near roads in Bielsko-Biala (Poland) were conducted from March to October in 2017. The aim was to characterize avifauna striking glass barriers and to relate frequency of collisions to time, developmental stage, sex, vicinity of noise barrier. During the breeding season of birds, 102 collisions of birds with screens, belonging to 25 species, were found. The most collisions were found in June, when 29 victims were observed. In this month, the largest number of juveniles (imm.) was also determined - 17 victims, the lowest number of collisions was at the end of the breeding season (September and October), where the number of collisions did not exceed 7 victims. The largest family of birds hitting the screens are Paridae, which account for as much as 31.4% of all victims. The largest number of collisions occurred with the participation of adults (ad - 68.) while 34 were young victims. The most active young birds were in June, when 17 collision victims were found. From the side of the road, as many as 60 fatalities were observed, while from the other side of the habitats - 42. As for the sex of individuals, most probably there were males (42), and there were 28 females. We conclude that acoustic screens should have nontransparent: stickers, stripes, dots, foils or be replaced by greening walls or earth embankments.
Źródło:
Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering; 2023, 5(25); 32-40
2720-1252
Pojawia się w:
Polish Journal of Materials and Environmental Engineering
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The secretarybird dilemma: identifying a bird species from the Temple of Hatshepsut at Deir el-Bahari
Autorzy:
Braulińska, Kamila
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1681843.pdf
Data publikacji:
2019-08-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warszawski. Wydawnictwa Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego
Tematy:
African animals
birds in Ancient Egypt
secretarybird
temple of Hatshepsut
Deir el-Bahari
Hatshepsut Punt expedition
temple decoration
Opis:
Known from a few representations in Predynastic Egyptian art, the secretarybird has otherwise been elusive, in the art of Pharaonic Egypt as well as the scientific discourse on iconographic imagery of birds in ancient Egypt. The author's studies of the animal decoration at the Temple for her doctoral dissertation identified three images of birds belonging most likely to the same species, depicted in the context of the expedition of Hatshepsut shown in the Portico of Punt. The zoological identification of the species as the secretarybird (another possibility is the African harrier-hawk) derives from an in-depth analysis of the bird’s systematics, appearance, distribution and habitat, as well as behavior, which are essential for proper species recognition and instrumental for understanding the rationale behind bringing it from the “God’s Land”. Iconographic features contesting this identification and suggesting a different species, that is, the African harrier-hawk, are discussed based on a combination of theoretical background, material analysis, on-site interviews with experts and the author’s personal experience with the species.
Źródło:
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean; 2018, 27(2); 83-116
1234-5415
Pojawia się w:
Polish Archaeology in the Mediterranean
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A sword scabbard chape with a depiction of a bird of prey from the surroundings of Kostrzyn
Autorzy:
Michalak, Arkadiusz
Socha, Krzysztof
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1038178.pdf
Data publikacji:
2018-06-20
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Kostrzyn
chape
Early Middle Ages
Scandinavia
Rus
Byzantium
Opis:
In 2016, an Early Medieval sword scabbard chape was handed over to the Museum of Kostrzyn Fortress. According to the person submitting it, it was found about 5-6 years earlier in the northern part of Kostrzyn nad Odrą. The main decorative motif of the openwork field is a heraldically arranged bird. The closest analogies to the chape in question are dated to the second half of the 10th and 11th century. Artefacts of this type could have been produced in Scandinavia, but also in the Rus and Baltic areas. Unfortunately, we are not able to say what raw material was used to cast the artefact in question. An analysis of the metal composition of the find carried out on the surface of the artefact demonstrated that a very heterogeneous lead alloy was used, which could have also been a result of lead-bleaching. The same technology was also observed on the chapes from Ruthenia. Scholars have explained the presence of an ornithomorphic motif on the surface of the artefact in various ways
Źródło:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim; 2017, 58; 159-174
0080-9993
Pojawia się w:
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
„(...) Będę ci spiewał jak mrące łabędzie (...)” – porównania z komparansem „animalistycznym” w poematach Juliusza Słowackiego
“(...) I will sing for you like dying swans (...)” – comparisons with “animalistic” comparans in Juliusz Słowacki’s poems
Autorzy:
Ścibek, Joanna
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/2118431.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-12-30
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet w Białymstoku. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu w Białymstoku
Tematy:
Juliusz Słowacki
porównanie
zwierzę
ptak
styl
a comparison
an animal
a bird
a style
Opis:
A purpose of the article is to provide characteristics of comparisons appearing in Juliusz Słowacki’s poems exemplified by the constructions where comparans refers to the world of animals. Lexical material has been excerpted from eleven works written by J. Słowacki in the pre-mystic period. They include the following poems: Arab, Beniowski (songs I–V), Jan Bielecki, Lambro, Mnich, Ojciec zadżumionych, Podróż do Ziemi Świętej z Neapolu, Poema Piasta Dantyszka,Wacław, W Szwajcarii and Żmija. Non-gradation comparative structures possessing standard comparison indicators have been analyzed. The article mainly focused on: 1) discussing a formal shape of studied constructions, 2) semantic classification of comparans contained in comparisons referring us to the animal kingdom, 3) emphasizing multitude of “animal” lexis connotations used by the poet, 4) discussing basic subject areas the excerpted comparisons belong to with regard to the meaning of a descriptive chunk, and 5) the most important functions of these clues. It has been established that the analyzed comparative constructions have an explicitly anthropocentric character since they, most of all, serve a suggestive illustration of a human’s psycho-physical condition.
Źródło:
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe; 2013, 13; 363-392
1641-6961
Pojawia się w:
Białostockie Archiwum Językowe
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
O wyznaniu kanarka, dzieciach na kolonii i apologii wszy planowanej przez Janusza Korczaka
On the Confession of a Canary Bird, Children on a Holiday Camp, and the Apology for Fleas Planned by Janusz Korczak
Autorzy:
Zgrzywa, Agnieszka
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1533324.pdf
Data publikacji:
2013-01-01
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet im. Adama Mickiewicza w Poznaniu
Tematy:
Janusz Korczak
problem of identity
Jews in Poland
rights of children
image of canary bird
memoirs from the ghetto
treatment of animals
Król Maciuś Pierwszy
Opis:
The point of departure for this article is the memory of moving fragments of Janusz Korczak’s journal from Warsaw ghetto. The author confronts the fragments with Korczak’s earlier texts, such as the short storied about holiday camps for Polish and Jewish children, and the novel Król Maciuś na bezludnej wyspie [King Maciuś on a Desert Island]. The image of a canary bird, used in the novel, is confronted with other symbolic stories about this bird, such as the story in Wiesław Myśliwski’s Pałac [Palace]. With reference to the image, the article invokes Korczak’s meditations on identity and tolerance, and human ethical and aesthetic choices. The audacity of Korczak’s thoughts and conclusions goes far beyond his time, and seems perfectly fit for ours.
Źródło:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka; 2013, 22; 71-82
1233-8680
2450-4947
Pojawia się w:
Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Literacka
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Diversity and trophic structure of bird’s communities from a Restinga forest in Brazil
Autorzy:
Dario, Fabio Rossano
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/1840774.pdf
Data publikacji:
2021
Wydawca:
Przedsiębiorstwo Wydawnictw Naukowych Darwin / Scientific Publishing House DARWIN
Tematy:
Atlantic forest
avifauna
bird
Brazil
ecology
Restinga
trophic guild
Opis:
The forests along Brazil’s Atlantic coast have undergone extensive transformation from clearing for pastures, eucalyptus forests, agricultural crops, and urban expansion. In this study we described the avian community in a coastal Restinga Forest near the city of Ubatuba, in the São Paulo State, Brazil. The method used to sample the avifauna specimens was the technique of observations per point-counts, and random observations were also carried. The bird’s observations were realized in 84 days during all four seasons out between the years 2005 and 2007 and were registered 142 bird species distributed among 18 orders and 41 families and categorized in 17 trophic guilds. The omnivores and insectivores birds composed most of the community, occupying the edge and different strata of the forest such as canopy and understory. The great abundance of omnivores birds may be directly related to the abundant fruit resources, and also with the great abundance of understory insectivores are indication of the good environmental quality of the studied area.
Źródło:
World News of Natural Sciences; 2021, 38; 158-180
2543-5426
Pojawia się w:
World News of Natural Sciences
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
The first complete leg of a passerine bird from the early Oligocene of Poland
Autorzy:
Bochenski, Z.M.
Tomek, T.
Swidnicka, E.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/946012.pdf
Data publikacji:
2014
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Opis:
The leg bones of a small passeriform bird are described from the early Oligocene (29 Mya) of Poland. The specimen is the earliest complete passerine leg with elements in articulation described so far, and increases the known diversity of the very scanty records of the oldest European passeriforms. In general proportions the leg bones resemble those of Luscinia svecica and other species that live in shrubs. Assignment to a family within the passerines is not possible because of the incompleteness of the fossil.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2014, 59, 2; 281-285
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
Lead in game bird meat as a risk to public health: new aspects in the light of physical phenomena generated by a projectile
Autorzy:
Felsmann, M.Z.
Szarek, J.
Felsmann, M.
Gulda, D.
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/15971.pdf
Data publikacji:
2016
Wydawca:
Uniwersytet Warmińsko-Mazurski w Olsztynie / Polskie Towarzystwo Magnezologiczne im. Prof. Juliana Aleksandrowicza
Tematy:
lead
bird meat
health risk
risk
public health
new aspect
physical phenomenon
hunting
ammunition
Opis:
Annually, hunters shoot millions of birds with lead ammunition. Many studies indicate diverse and often very high lead levels in the edible parts of game. Considering the number of hunters, the determined levels may pose a public health risk. Shotgun pellets are the main source of lead contamination of game animal tissues. Despite numerous studies indicating lead contamination in game birds, no significant reasons for diverse contamination of tissues with this toxic metal have been reported. The personal analysis presented in this paper suggests that the explanation for diverse levels of contamination of game animal tissues should be sought in physical phenomena generated by a projectile in damaged animal tissues. The projectile penetrating a target generates a multi-phase medium from destroyed tissues and simultaneously changes the shape of its front part. This movement of projectile is an example of a turbulent flow. The interpretation of the interaction between a projectile and damaged tissues indicate that the variable and unpredictable parameters of a projectile for each shot and the medium created by a projectile make it, impossible to determine, the degree of this interaction. The phenomenon of a temporary cavity created by a shot seems to determine the magnitude of lead transfer into tissues surrounding the path of a wound. Fluid mechanics also explains the relatively high lead levels in game birds in comparison with the levels determined in big game animals. In view of the unpredictability of projectile-animal body interactions, it should be assumed that game bird shot with lead pellets contains the lead levels dangerous to human health. Therefore, the use of lead pellets for bird shooting should be banned.
Źródło:
Journal of Elementology; 2016, 21, 2
1644-2296
Pojawia się w:
Journal of Elementology
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
Tytuł:
A skull of a new pelecaniform bird from the Middle Eocene of Messel, Germany
Autorzy:
Mayr, G
Powiązania:
https://bibliotekanauki.pl/articles/22380.pdf
Data publikacji:
2002
Wydawca:
Polska Akademia Nauk. Instytut Paleobiologii PAN
Tematy:
bird
Masillastega rectirostris
pelecaniform bird
aquatic bird
Eocene
Sulidae
Germany
Pelecaniformes
paleontology
Opis:
A skull of a new pelecaniform bird is described from the Middle Eocene of Messel (Germany). Masillastega rectirostris gen. et sp. nov. is tentatively referred to the Sulidae (boobies and gannets). If this assignment is correct, the new taxon would represent the earliest fossil record of the family, preceding Sula ronzoni Milne−Edwards, 1867 from the lowermost Oligocene of France by about 15 million years. Masillastega rectirostris most distinctly differs from extant Sulidae in the proportionally longer beak which indicates that the Eocene taxon was not adapted to plunge−diving. Contrary to extant Sulidae, which are exclusively marine birds, Masillastega rectirostris was found in a freshwater deposit. It is the first pelecaniform bird known from Messel and one of the few large birds discovered at this site.
Źródło:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica; 2002, 47, 3
0567-7920
Pojawia się w:
Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
Dostawca treści:
Biblioteka Nauki
Artykuł
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