Dynamika liczebności populacji lisa na terenie Puszczy Białowieskiej w latach 1981-2016 Dynamics of red fox population in Bialowieza Primeval Forest in the years 1981-2016
Abundance of red fox (Vulpes vulpes) populations in Poland and Europe have increased in the
past decades, especially in the areas of high anthropogenic transformation. The aim of this
study was to assess the current density of red fox in natural forests and to analyse changes in its
abundance since 1981. The fieldwork was carried out in Polish part of the Bialowieża Primeval
Forest (BPF), including Białowieża, Browsk and Hajnówka forest districts as well as Białowieża
National Park. A standard method of snow tracking along transect routes (15 to 94 km long in the
subsequent winters, altogether 199 km) was used. Taking a density of snow tracks per 1 km of
a transect route per 24 h and the length of daily movements of red foxes (13,8 km) we calculated
the population density. Results were compared with historical data derived with the same method.
Mean number of tracks of red fox in the years 2011−2016 equaled 6.1/km/24h (SD=3.9). Density
of fox population was 0.69 individuals/km2, which results in the abundance of the population in
the whole area of BPF of 414 individuals in winter time, while of approximately 869 individuals
in spring. Comparison of current data with the results from last three decades showed an increasing
trend in the population of the analysed species. Nevertheless, in comparison to central or western
Poland the density of the red fox in the BPF is still relatively low. Possible factors that suppress
this population are parasites, infections (mange, rabies) and large carnivores.
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