Sztuka jako narzędzie społecznej inkluzji. Perspektywa socjologiczna

The article is focused on the civic practices that fall into the category of social art. Applying sociological perspective, in particular closure theory (as introduced by Max Weber, and developed by Frank Parkin), and referring to the modern concept of cultural democracy, the authoress compares three artistic projects: "Universal" (led by Grzegorz Drozd), "Guma" (Paweł Althamer), and "Import/ Export" (Michał Stankiewicz), in order to assess the capability of social art to transform the processes of social closure. The three projects not only differ in terms of artistic means (mural, sculpture, theatre), but also present varied strategies of “usurpation”, that is of affecting the rules of social inclusion (incorporation) and exclusion (marginalisation): from disturbance of the society’s symbolic order, through articulation of local collective identity, to intercultural (and, at the same time, interpersonal) encounter. The cases, which reveal both possibilities, and limits (or traps) of social art, have been selected so as to create points of critical reference for a more reflective and self-conscious social practice. Hence, at the end, the authoress provides a list of practical recommendations to be used by artists, activists and educators who are willing to resort to social art as a means of social inclusion.