Parental Movements in Poland as the Bottom-up Formsof Action: Success or Failure? The Cases of First Quarter Mothers and Save the Little Ones

This article is focused on two parental movements that have appeared in Poland: First Quarter Mothers and Save the Little Ones. Both of these movements demanded changes in the law (or to prevent such changes) because, in parents' opinion, the assumptions behind the intended reforms were contrary to their childrens interest. The conducted analysis showed that both exhibit the characteristics of social movements. Parents are aware of their strength and know that acting together can have an impact on the social reality, legal change and government decisions. Analyzed movements showed that the institutional forms of dialogue slowly come to the end, and instead of them the bottom-up forms of action become increasingly important.