Spoleczno-ekonomlczne konsekwencje uprzemysłowienia miast a korzyści zewnętrzne lokalizacji

Externalities can be defined as benefits for economic units which are not the effect of their direct activity, but result from changes in the environment. They comprise both spatial/location factors i.e. location benefits, and factors not related to location, occuring in the economy and resulting from its development. For the economic units attractiveness of particular places In space must have its economic measure. Economic benefits, connected with particular location of industry, will depend on the existing development of industry i.e. on size and type of existing externalities and the possibilities of their use. One of the basic problems which must be solved is a problem of utilization of externalities to increase effectiveness of functioning of economic and settlement units. Lack of integration of Industry vs. environment and incorrect development of many Polish towns results from inabitity of towns to assimilate externalities created by industries. Many industries do not take into account external benefits and non-benefits in their calculations. Ignorance of mechanisms and interaction of externalities on development decreases its effectiveness leading to waste of means. Most of economic calculations are therefore Ineffective as well.