Koszty rozwoju miast - próba definicji i typologii

In such a complex system as town each change brings about a chain of successive changes in the other elements of a system. The results of these changes may be negative, including direct diseconomies, or they may bring about the necessity of counteractions which need further costs. It ie therefore necessary to take into account not only direct costs, but also other costs and diseconomies borne by other actors, i.e. social costs. In the face of the growing urbanization acceptation of such a wide definition of town development costs would result in including in this cathegory majority of costs borne by population and economic units. Therefore, there is a problem of delimitation of these costs. Complexity of costs spent on town development i.e. their different forms, time spent, subject and object differentiation makes their concise evaluation impossible. At the same time, there is a danger of treating some of the costs as a total their number, which must lead to prlmitiveness in evaluation and wrong conclusions. The above reasons resulted in an attempt to show different forms of town development costs. Following factors were taken into account: investment costs, town activity costs (i.e. their differences resulting from development), alternative costs of choice and environment costs including natural and socio-economic environment. Second part of this article is devoted to the factors influencing differentiation of town development costs i.e. characteristic features of building land, size and spatial structure of town, its functions and programme of development, threshold of development, time factor and local taxation. In the final part of the study problem of measure and evaluation of costs spent on town development Is dealt with.