Wpływ zróżnicowanych metod uprawy na zawartość i pobranie mikroskładników przez buraki cukrowe

Celem przeprowadzonych badań w latach 2012-2013 było określenie wpływu różnych metod uprawy roli na zawartość i pobranie cynku, miedzi, manganu i żelaza przez buraki cukrowe w fazie dojrzałości technologicznej. Doświadczenie założono w układzie bloków losowanych kompletnych. Analizie porównawczej poddano system tradycyjnej uprawy orkowej z pięcioma technologiami uprawy uproszczonej. Zastosowane metody uprawy istotnie różnicowały zawartość analizowanych mikroskładników zarówno w liściach, jak i w korzeniach buraków cukrowych. Analiza korelacji między zawartością mikroskładników w badanych organach dla poszczególnych wariantów uprawowych a plonem korzeni buraków wykazała duże zróżnicowanie i brak jednoznacznego związku. Stwierdzono istotny wpływ zawartości żelaza i manganu w liściach i korzeniach buraków na kształtowanie zawartości cukru w korzeniach w fazie dojrzałości technologicznej. Pod wpływem zastosowanych uproszczeń uprawowych odnotowano tendencję do spadku akumulacji składników w korzeniach w porównaniu do wariantu uprawy klasycznej.

The aim of the study carried out in 2012-2013 was to determine the effects of different soil cultivation methods on the contents and uptake of zinc, copper, manganese and iron in sugar beets at the stage of technological maturity. The experiment was arranged following the randomized complete block design. Six soil cultivation systems were compared: (1) conventional tillage (SO); (2) tillage to a depth of 35 cm and sowing into stubble mulch (MS35); (3) shallow tillage to a depth of 15 cm and sowing into stubble mulch (MS15); (4) tillage to a depth of 15 cm and sowing into white mustard mulch (MG); (5) strip-till on stubble mulch to a depth of 25 cm and instantaneous beet seed sowing (STS); (6) strip-till to a depth of 25 cm on white mustard mulch and instantaneous beet seed sowing (STG). Experimental factor effects on the content of mineral nutrients, their accumulation in plant organs and the rate of nutrient uptake were tested by ANOVA procedure. The results of the study showed that conservation tillage had significant effects on the contents of the micro-nutrients analyzed both in sugar beet leaves and roots when compared to sugar beets grown in the conventional system. Significant differences with regard to plant micronutrient contents were also observed between the conservation (reduced) tillage systems. Regardless of the cultivation treatment applied, zinc content in the roots was positively correlated with sugar beet yield obtained. Besides, there was also observed a significant effect of iron and manganese contents in sugar beet leaves and roots on shaping root sugar contents at the stage of technological maturity. Regardless of the tillage method used, 50-80% of the total micronutrient uptake was accumulated in sugar beet roots. Correlation analysis taking into account relationships between micronutrient accumulation in beet leaves and roots and root yield carried out for individual soil cultivation treatments showed strong correlations for zinc. The total accumulation of nutrients was also differentiated with reference to the study years. The difference was for the most part evident in the case of zinc. Notwithstanding the cultivation methods applied, in the first year of the study, nutrient removal with harvest was almost 3-fold higher when compared to that in the second year. The results obtained evidently indicate that preparing appropriate recommendations for micronutrient fertilization requires consideration of each field individually.