Charakterystyka zróżnicowania jakościowego mięśnia półbłoniastego i jego wpływ na wybrane wyróżniki jakości modelowych szynek parzonych

Celem badań było określenie zróżnicowania jakościowego mięśnia półbło-niastego i ocena wpływu tego zróżnicowania na wybrane wyróżniki jakości modelowych szynek parzonych. Mięśnie półbłoniaste dzielono na trzy części i dokonywano charakterystyki wybranych wyróżników ich jakości. Następnie z próbek mięsa produkowano modelowe szynki parzone. Określano wpływ części mięśnia na wybrane wyróżniki produkcyjne oraz wyróżniki jakości wyrobów. Stwierdzono, że mięsień półbłoniasty jest mięśniem niejednorodnym pod względem barwy. To zróżnicowanie przekładało się również na barwę modelowych szynek parzonych. W celu uzyskania jednolitej szarży produkcyjnej i uniknięcia zbytniego zróżnicowania barwy szynek parzonych celowym jest oddzielanie z mięśnia półbłoniastego części o wyraźnie ciemniejszej oraz bardziej czerwonej barwie. Stwierdzono ponadto, że szynki parzone wytworzone z różnych części mięśnia półbłoniastego odznaczały się podobną teksturą oraz zbliżonym składem chemicznym. Ich produkcja skutkowała jednak uzyskaniem różnych wyników produkcyjnych, w tym różnego przyrostu masy w trakcie peklowania zalewowego i różnej ilości ubytków masy w trakcie parzenia.

An important factor determining the quality of meat products is the standardization of raw material. The aim of the study was to determine the qualitative differentiation of one of the ham muscles, i.e. m. semimembranosus, and assessment of the impact of this diversity on selected quality parameters of model cooked hams. In fact, semimembranosus muscle belongs to the muscles with a high incidence of quality defects and at the same time by virtue of it characteristics is often used for the production of cooked hams. Test material consisted of m. semimembranosus obtained from carcasses about 48 h after pigs slaughtering. Each muscle was divided into three parts. After cutting the selected quality parameters of the meat samples, i.e.: pH, electrical conductivity, L*, a*, b* colour components and drip loss were characterized. Then, from the meat samples model cooked hams were produced. The influence of m. semimembranosus part on selected production (i.e. yield of cover brine, cooking loss) and quality parameters, including texture (shear and compression force), L*, a*, b* colour components and basic chemical composition (water, protein and fat) of cooked hams were determined. Based on obtained results it was found that m. semimembranosus is, in terms of colour, a heterogeneous muscle. Significant differences between particular parts of the muscle in the average values of L* and a* components were observed. This diversity reflected, however in lesser extent, also on the colour of model cooked hams. Hams produced from the part which was the darkest and had most red colour were characterized by a significantly lower value of the L* and greater values of a* and b* colour components than the hams produced from these parts of muscle with the highest L* average values. To obtain a uniform production batch and avoid a wide variety of cooked hams colour it is advisable to separate from m. semimembranosus parts of a clearly darker and more red colour and transferring it into a separate processing usage. It was also found that the model cooked hams prepared from different parts of the semimembranosus muscle were characterized by similar values of texture parameters and a similar chemical composition. However, their production resulted in a different results of production parameters, including various yields of cover brine and cooking losses. The part of the muscle with the darkest colour was characterized by a slightly greater yield of cover brine. Significantly lower yield of cover brine was detected in the muscle with the highest average value of the L* component. This part of the muscle was also characterized by the lowest cooking loss. Qualitative differentiation causes that it is advisable to divide semimembranosus muscle for separate processing usage of its individual parts. This may allow for an optimal functional additives selection for a particular batch of raw material.