Rozpuszczalne i przyswajalne formy miedzi i ołowiu w glebach zanieczyszczonych w różnych warunkach odczynu i wilgotności

A 3-year pot experiment was aimed to describe soluble and bioavailable forms of Cu and Pb in polluted soils (from the vicinities of copper smelters and „artificially polluted”) and in unpolluted soil as a reference, under different conditions of soil reaction (3 levels of pH) and moisture (2 different watering ratios). Soluble forms of Cu and Pb were slowly leached from the upper soil layer, especially in the acid sandy soils, which was confirmed by the analysis of soil solution. Growth of a testing plant - spring wheat - and metal uptake from soils depended not only on soil texture and the presence of metals but also on pH and moisture. The best growth and low metal uptake from soils was observed in pots containing strongly polluted silty-loamy soil and in the ones with unpolluted sandy soil whereas in polluted sandy soils wheat growth was very poor, especially at lower pH and lower soil moisture. Increasing watering ratio had a positive effect upon the plant growth and resulted in lower metal uptake by plants. The suitability of two estractants: 1 mol HCl i 0.01 mol CaCl₂ for determining the bioavailable metal forms was tested. Extracting capacity of 1 mol HCl was higher than 65% of total Cu and Pb and hardly depended on soil properties. CaCl₂ extracted much less Cu (9%) and Pb (<1.1%). Cu concentration in wheat correlated well with CaCl₂ extraction but no correlation was obtained for Pb.