Zawartość wybranych składników bioaktywnych i ich aktywność przeciwrodnikowa w kiełkach nasion

Celem pracy było oznaczenie zawartości wybranych związków bioaktywnych i zbadanie właściwości przeciwrodnikowych ekstraktów uzyskanych z pięciu gatunków kiełków brokułu (Brassica oleracea), rzodkiewki (Raphanus sativus), lucerny (Medicago sativa), słonecznika (Helianthus annuus) i fasoli mung (Vigna radiata). W ekstraktach z kiełków oznaczono zawartość polifenoli ogółem, karotenoidów ogółem i witaminy C. Właściwości przeciwrodnikowe ekstraktów zbadano metodami z wykorzystaniem kationo-rodników ABTS, stabilnych rodników DPPH oraz oznaczono ich zdolność do chelatowania jonów żelaza(II). Badane kiełki charakteryzowały się zróżnicowaną zawartością polifenoli ogółem, karotenoidów i witaminy C. Największą aktywnością przeciwrodnikową oraz zawartością polifenoli ogółem, karotenoidów i witaminy C odznaczały się kiełki brokułu, rzodkiewki i słonecznika. Mimo zróżnicowanych wartości badanych wyróżników, wszystkie badane kiełki można uznać za dobre źródło związków bioaktywnych.

Seed sprouts are seeds of plants undergo a process of germination, which is a natural source of substances that enhance food and improve its functionality. Their main advantages are: low energy value, digestibility, beneficial nutritional properties and ease of use. Recommended are almost anyone, as an addition to salads, sandwiches, hot dishes and cold snacks, especially during autumn and winter, when consumption of fresh vegetables and fruit drops. Sprouts slow pathogenic processes, working against cancer, "scavenge" free radicals in the body and act as antioxidant. The aim of the study was to determine the content of selected bioactive compounds and investigate antiradical properties of extracts obtained from five species of broccoli sprouts (Brassica oleracea), radish (Raphanus sativus), alfalfa (Medicago sativa), sunflower (Helianthus annuus) and mung bean (Vigna radiata). The study was conducted in hexane and acetone extracts. Statistical analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel 2007 and Statgraphics Centurion XVI. All assays were performed in at least triplicate. As the test assumed an average value determinations. Used in the calculation of statistical p-value less than 0.05 was regarded as statistically insignificant information. The germ extracts was determined polyphenols, carotenoids and vitamin C. Investigated sprouts were characterized by varying the content of polyphenols, carote-noids and vitamin C. The highest total polyphenol content were characterized by radish sprouts and broccoli, respectively 442.3 and 398.6 mg GAE per 100 g of fresh matter. The highest level of carotenoids found in sprouts radishes - 14.3 mg and sunflower - 14.5 mg ß-carotene per 100 g of fresh matter. The highest levels of vitamin C, as much as 116.3 mg per 100 g fresh matter, was observed in radish sprouts. Antiradical properties of the extracts were tested using the methods with ABTS, stable radical DPPH and determined their ability to chelate ion iron(II). Antiradical properties expressed in %. The highest antioxidant activity and the content of total polyphenols, carotenoids and vitamin C were characterized by broccoli sprouts, radishes and sunflower. Stronger antiradical properties in all extracts against DPPH radicals than ABTS cation-radicals were observed. The strongest chelating ability showed alfalfa sprouts (93.1%), however, all of the tested extracts showed chelating ability iron ions(II) above 85%. Although varying levels of all test seedlings can be considered as a good source of bioactive compounds.