Uwarunkowania socjolingwistyczne wspólnego dla Białorusinów i Ukraińców języka piśmiennictwa okresu Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego

The paper discusses the linguistic and sociological base of Old Belarusian/Old Ukrainian (West Ruthenian), which was spoken in the Belarusian and Ukrainian territories of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania. In the sixteenth century the local szlachta (nobility/gentry) spoke Ruthenian (Russian), which was increasingly influenced by Polish, which was its characteristic feature. The study has distinguished and discussed sixteen phonetic, morphological and syntactic specificities that cannot be derived from local dialects or they occur in them sporadically and inconsistently nowadays. However, in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries they were commonly found in writings in the Grand Duchy of Lithuania regardless of their genre and origin. The paper also criticizes the former position of scholars who sought dialectal features only in old writings whereas, owing to historical circumstances, these were reflected first of all in the speech of szlachta and clergy socially close to the nobility

Artykuł poświęcono omówieniu podstawy językowo-socjologicznej języka zachodnioruskiego, który był używany na ziemiach białoruskich i ukraińskich Wielkiego Księstwa Litewskiego (WKL). W XVI wieku miejscowa szlachta porozumiewała się językiem ruskim, który ulegał coraz większym wpływom polskim, co stanowiło o jego specyfice. W opracowaniu wyodrębniono i omówiono 16 osobliwości fonetycznych, morfologicznych i syntaktycznych, które nie dadzą się wyprowadzić z miejscowych dialektów lub występują w nich współcześnie sporadycznie i niekonsekwentnie. Wcześniej jednak (XVI–XVII wiek) były powszechnie notowane w piśmiennictwie WKL, niezależnie od gatunku i pochodzenia.

У артыкуле абмяркоўваюцца маўленчая аснова і сацыяльная базa супольнай кніжнапісьмовай мовы на Беларусі і Украіне ў XVI cт. У гэты перыяд шляхецкае маўленне было прасякнута польскім уплывам, што і складае галоўную адметнасць ды спецыфіку гэтага маўлення. У даследавнні выдзяляюцца і каментуюцца 16 фанетычных, марфалагічных і сінтаксічных асаблівасцяў. Гэта, перш за ўсё, тыя асаблівасці, якія немагчыма вывесці з дыялектнай мовы, або якія вузка або непаслядоўна прадстаўленыя ў дыялектах ў цяперашні час, аднак раней былі шырока распаўсюджаныя ў друкаваных выданнях, незалежна ад іх жанру або паходжання.