The aim of the presented mini-review is to review the literature data referring to opportunistic mycoses
in pet dogs and cats suffering from other concurrent diseases, comparable to human medical disorders with high risk of
secondary mycoses. This review also presents the preliminary results of a project aimed at understanding the fungal
colonization and occurrence of secondary mycoses in pets suffering from metabolic disorders, neoplasms and viral
infections. The incidence of opportunistic mycoses is higher in such individuals, mostly because of their impaired
immunity. The main risk factors are primary and secondary types of immunodeficiency connected with anti-cancer
treatment or neoplastic disease itself. Moreover, literature data and the results of our investigations show that Candida
yeasts are prevalent among diabetic animals and indicate that these fungi are the main etiological agents of secondary
infections of the oral cavity, GI and urogenital tracts. Other important conditions possibly favoring the development of
mycoses are concurrent infections of cats with FeLV and FIV viruses. Thus, in all cases of the mentioned underlying
diseases, animals should be carefully monitored by repeated mycological examination, together with inspection of other
parameters. Also, the prophylaxis of opportunistic mycoses should be carefully considered alike other factors
influencing the prognosis and the outcome of primary diseases.
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