Realny kurs walutowy a presja rynkowa na złotego, forinta i koronę czeską w latach 2000-2011

During the first years after accession Polish, Hungarian and Czech republics experienced a huge inflow of private and public funds that resulted in exchange rate appreciation, reserves accumulation, interest rates cuts. During the liquidity crisis substantial capital flows reversals and exchange rate sharp depreciations were experienced. Shocks in capital flows influenced the real exchange rate evolution and consecutively - the competitiveness of these three economies. The aim of this article is to answer the question to which extent the situation on the FX market has influenced the competitiveness of Polish, Hungarian and Czech economies represented by a real effective exchange rate fluctuations. In the first part the characteristics of foreign exchange markets in Poland, Hungary and the Czech Republic are presented. The second part concentrates on analysis of index of speculative pressure and its impact on evolution of real exchange rate.