Koncerny energetyczne w polityce ChRL

There are two main institutional factors determining the Chinese energy policy: low effectiveness of public institutions and the power of NOCs (national oil companies). NOCs have an impact on the work of the government. Direct personal connections between administration and NOCs' management exist. Thanks to high incomes, NOCs have achieved relatively broad independence. Moreover, the administration depends on knowledge and experience of NOCs' staff. On the other hand, there are also strong measures of governmental impact on NOCs. The central administration subsidizes and aids activity of NOCs, especially during investing abroad. Case studies of Chinese FDIs in Kazakhstan, Sudan, and failed tries of investment in Russia and US show that a cooperation between NOCs and the central administration is immense.