Kryzys w Mali. Rola afrykańskich sił pokojowych AFISMA

At basis in crisis in Mali in 2012 lay Tuaregs independence aspirations. The Separatist National Movement for the Liberation of Azawad, aim at secession of northern provinces of the country, has been intensified in 2011 due to inflow for country arms and former soldiers from Libyan army. Military progress of MNLA have allowed proclamation of independence Azawad, however fundamentalist organizations have taken charge of this territory: Al-Qaeda of the Islamic Maghreb, Ansar Dine and Movement for Unity and Jihad in West Africa (MUJAO). Such evolution of situation has made a threat to the secu¬rity interests for African states as well as powers of the West. As a consequence the procedures and mechanisms were launched in support of the Government in Mali in regaining control of the northern provinces of the country. Member states of the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) established operation AFISMA (African-led International Support Mission to Mali), with the support of the African Union and the United Nations. France, simultaneously, decided on military intervention in Mali (operation “Serval”). Within several weeks at the beginning of 2013 French and African combat units take control on northern Mali making impossible further expansion of fundamentalist organization, and AFISMA has taken stabilization operation next weeks. Operation lasted for half 2013, when it has been substituted by UN mission (MINUSMA).