Religia, fundamentalizm religijny i liberalne wyzwania. Od doktryny do postawy

Religion is a social and cultural phenomenon which should be separated from religious fundamentalism. Each type of beliefs contains some gists which the believer is obliged to abide by. This attitude constitutes the natural base to denominational self-identification and self-realization of man. In such a case not every vindication of fundamentalism has to evoke direct behaviour in which implementation of violence would be justification of a religious point of view. Fundamentalist threat appears as returning to religious source and its forgotten bases. In spite of significant differences, that attributes repeats itself in the ideology of fundamentalism, e. g. among fundamental organisations in the Western and Islamic civilizations. All the fundamentalist tendencies differ in their reference to the secular conception of the world. Islamic fundamentalism deals mainly with realization of political goals (taking part in power wielding, understanding of sharia-law and moral life moulding). Negative judgement of Islamic terrorism should not veil a discussion which is being carried on among the societies of liberal democracy. Fundamentalist tendencies that are brought up in the discussion do not deny the bases of democratic order but they focus on explication, theology and the need for moral restoration. There is a lesser pressure put on doctrine elements, however it manifests itself mainly as an attitude. It is expressed in divisible, exclusive and oppositional participation perception of cultural-religious and socio-political life.