Efforts have been made during the past three decades to develop
insecticides with selective properties that act specifically on biochemical sites
present in a particular insect group, but whose properties differ from those present
in mammals. This approach has led to the discovery of compounds that affect the
hormonal regulation of molting and developmental processes in insects such as
ecdysone agonists, juvenile hormone (JH) mimics and chitin synthesis inhibitors.
The search for potent acylureas has led to the development of novaluron (Rimon)
developed by Makhteshim Chemical Works. The LC-50 value of novaluron on
3rd-instar Spodoptera littoralis fed on treated leaves is approximately 0.1 mg
a.i./liter. This value resembles that of chlorfluazuron and is tenfold lower than
that of teflubenzuron. Novaluron affects nymphs of Bemisia tabaci more than
chlorfluazuron and teflubenzuron. Artificial rain, at a rate of 40 mm/h applied 5
and 24 h after treatment in a cotton field had no appreciable effect on the potency
of novaluron on both S. littoralis larvae and B. tabaci nymphs. Hence, novaluron
can be used in tropical areas and during rainy seasons. In general, benzoylphenyl
ureas had no direct effect on parasitoids and phytoseiids and are considered mildly
affect other natural enemies. Novaluron has no cross-resistance with conventional
insecticides, the JH mimics pyriproxyfen and neonicotinoids. As such, it is
considered an important compound in pest management programs.
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