Przemiany funkcjonalno-przestrzenne ośrodków zabytkowych w strukturze miast Legnicko-Głogowskiego Okręgu Miedziowego w latach 1961-1970

The L owe r Silesian region m ay be re g a rd e d as one where, if th e q u e stio n is to be con sid e red on th e “a ll- c o u n try sc a le ”, th e g re a te s t n um b e r of tow n s can be fou n d w ith th e ir v a lu ab le m o n um en ts of a rc h ite c tu re and in te re s tin g tow n p lan n in g lay o u ts su rv iv ed. The w a r damage s, te ch n ic a l d ep re c ia tio n , obsolescence of fu n c tio n a l p a tte rn s an d th e changes in sy stems of cons tru c tio n a re c re a tin g re a lly se rio u s d ifficu ltie s in p ro g ram m in g th e p ro te c tio n , co n se rv a tio n an d th e uses fo r th e histo ric u rb a n centres. In th e p re s e n t a rtic le th e a u th o r deals w ith changes o ccu rin g in fu n c tio n al and sp a tia l p a tte rn s of h isto ric towns s itu a te d w ith in th e mo re and more in d iv id u a liz in g L egnica-Głogów Copper Mining District. He p re s e n ts a h a n d fu l o f o b s e rv a tio n s collected on th e b a ck g ro u n d of a su rv ey p re p a re d by th e Wroclaw B ran ch of th e In s titu te of T ow n p lan n in g and A rc h ite c tu re in th e p e rio d 1960— —1970. The in d u s tria l d ev e lo pm en t of th is D istric t b a sin g on mining an d processing of copper ores h a s led to a p p a re n t changes both in s tru c tu r e of emp lo ym en t and p o p u la tio n figures. Th e above changes p e rta in m a in ly to h isto ric — towns as, fo r in stan c e , Chobienia, Chocianów, Głogów, Legnica, Lu b in , Polkowice, Prochowice, Ru d n a an d Ścinawa. U n til 1970 th e d ev e lo pm en t of in d u s try in th is a re a caused a co n sid e rab le e x ten s io n or sp e ed in g -u p of re b u ild in g of th e fiv e towns u n d e r in v e stig a tio n , namely Polkowice, Lubin, Głogów, Legnica and Chocianów. In c re a sed b u ild in g a c tiv itie s could also be observed in R u d n a an d Ścinawa. Such tow n s as Legnica, Lu b in , Głogów an d Polkowice h av e grown to th e m a in in d u s tria l an d a dm in is tra tiv e an d service c en tre s w ith in th e e x p an d in g Copper Mining D istrict, a t th e same time becoming to u rin g cen tre s on th e so u th e rn reg io n a l ro u te , owing to th e e x isting mo n umen ts, mo d e rn in d u s tria l p la n ts and c u ltu ra l centres. In fiv e from among th e towns u n d e r discussion it was possible to observe th e above de sc rib ed changes of civic fu n c tio n s wh en comp ared w ith th e sta te from 1960 b u t only in fo u r of th em th e s e changes a ffected th e ir h is to ric centres. As one of th e fe a tu re s of changes in fu n c tio n a l p a tte rn of u rb a n c en tre s m ay be reg a rd ed co n sid e rab le in c re a se of liv in g spaces, those occupied by tra d e , r e s ta u r a n ts an d adm in is tra tio n . Within a decade u n d e r discussion no in c re a se s have b een o b serv ed in spaces d esigned fo r in d u s try w ith in th e histo ric c en tre s which th e fa c t may also be re g a rd ed as a p o sitiv e fe a tu re . Both in d u s try and sto rag e a re being removed from h is to ric centres. However, w ith in th e h is to ric c en tre s an o th e r, th is time neg ativ e, fe a tu re was ob se rv ed , i.e. e re c tio n of m o d e rn re s id e n tia l bu ild in g s which, as a ru le , a re in conflict w ith th e ir su rro u n d in g s . F o r ex amp le , in L e gnica th e city a re a is being fo rm ed of m u lti-s to re y , aggressive re s id e n tia l houses th a t a re e n tire ly u n a d a p ta b le to o th e r ex is tin g build in g s. The p re s e rv ed h isto ric ob je c ts though, in p rin c ip le , still d omin a tin g sp a tia lly a re fre q u e n tly enough chan g in g th e ir o rig in a l fu n c tio n s which th e o c cu rren c e is v isib le in p a rtic u la r in housing. This h ig h ly n eg a tiv e fe a tu re was conn ected w ith a tre n d tow a rd m o d e rn iz a tio n of h is to ric c entres. By doing so w e re neg lec ted all compositional, a e sth e tic a l an d co n se rv a tio n p ro b lem s th a t h a v e been moved to more rem o te plans. The a rtic le is ending w ith conclusions proposing to re v iew th e h is to ric a l an d sp a tia l v a lu e s p re s e n t in a re a s of h isto ric tow n s w ith in Legnica—Głogów Copp e r Mining D istric t an d to in tro d u c e th e n e c e ssa ry a lte ra tio n s which could improve th e e ffe c ts in u rb a n p lan n in g achieved in th e p a s t y e a rs also in compositio n a l respect. At th e same time th e need h a s been emphasized to s ta r t th e stu d ie s on th e fo rms of modern b u ild in g in tro d u c ed to h is to ric u rb a n c en tre s.