Dwie restauracje romańskiego portalu z opactwa św. Wincentego na Ołbinie we Wrocławiu i jego akutalna problematyka konserwatorska TWO RESTORATIONS OF THE ROMANESQUE DOORWAY FROM THE ST. VINCENT ABBEY AT OŁBIN IN WROCŁAW AND THE ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF ITS PRESERVATION
The recent preservation treatment of the Romanesque
doorway of St. Magdalene at Wrocław seeming to
represent an entirely new stage within the series of
works aimed at fixating of stone sculptures endangered
with disintegration has been preceded by preservation
operations in centuries that passed, the
most important among them being those undertaken
in the 16-th and the 19-th centuries.
The works carried out in the period of' Renaissance
were remarkable by their quite unusual character,
for in 1529 the Abbey Church at Ołbin, then sited w ithin
the „extra muros” area of the Wrocław fortificational
system, has been totally demolished to prevent
hostile forces from making use of it for
their protection. In those days one of the church’s
magnificent doorways was dismantled in the most
careful manner and then mounted again at the south
wall of the St. Magdalene parish church, located on
the actual* town area, The date of that operation,
quite extraordinary in its epoch, namely 1546, was
evidenced in the records of the time and also in form
of an inscription that could be read on the extrados of
the doorway archivolt up to the third quarter of the
19-th century.
Both the preservation and removal arose from the
unquestionably positive appraisal of sculptural and
ornamental values present in the doorway’s arrangement.
This, though a rare but not sole viewpoint has
led to the appearance of a peculiar phenomenon of revival
of the Romanesque forms in architecture and
plastic arts in the sixteenth-century Wroclaw. The
soil for this phenomenon was prepared by the deep
interest shown by the local historiographical circles
for the twelfth-century monuments closely related
to the early stages of the town’s history.
The restoration carried out in 1888 appears to be
extremely awkward one as compared with that careful
behaviour of the sixteenth-century „conservators”.
Due to puristic assumptions adopted in the course of
restoration were removed all the Renaissance supplementations
and additions resulting from altered functions
of the doorway. They have been replaced by
the nineteenth-century architect with odd details
of the neoromanesque ornamentation. As result
of an arbitrary approach to motives not complying
with his own fairly inadequate knowledge of the
Romanesque sculpture, he removed the lions united
with bases of the outer flanking columns. It was
exactly then that the inscriptions disappeared from
the doorway, both the original Romanesque ones and
that dating from the Renaissance period, incised to
commemorate the removal operation. Actual works on
the Wrocław doorway represent only the first from
the planned stages within a complete range of works
to be undertaken, As one of the next operations it is
expected to obtain the castings that could become an
excellent way to reintegrate the components of this
remarkable masterpiece of Romanesque sculpture
which at present are divided between the St. Magdalene
church and the two Wrocław museums.
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