Introduction. An adequate mode of nutrition is among the most important environmental factors affecting the development
of Man and maintenance of a good health status. An improper selection of nutrients and irregular consumption of meals
may lead to overweight and obesity.
Objective. The characteristics of health behaviours of the examined population of schoolchildren, with consideration of
nutrition and body weight disorders. A comparison of the opinions of schoolchildren and their parents concerning health
behaviours. Development of guidelines for educational programmes carried out in the place of residence of the population
of schoolchildren and their parents.
Materials and method. The survey covered a randomised group of schoolchildren attending elementary and secondary
schools in the Kalisz Province and province of the city of Kalisz. The study was conducted in May and June 2009, in a randomly
selected representative group of 1,100 boys and girls from classes V and VI of elementary schools, and 1,100 secondary school
adolescents aged 16–19 and their parents. The studies of schoolchildren attending elementary and secondary schools were
compared with the all-Polish studies of junior high school adolescents in the school year 2006–2007.
Results. The respondents most often consumed 3–4 meals; however, as many as 26% of junior high school adolescents and
27% of secondary school adolescents admitted that they consume only one meal daily. The schoolchildren show inadequate
nutritional habits concerning an insufficient consumption of fruits, vegetables and fish, in favour of high calorific meals and
sweet snacks and drinks. Parents improperly assess the body weight of their children and perceive them as slimmer, which
is not confirmed by the BMI value for age and gender.
Conclusions. Systematic monitoring and analysis of changes in the health behaviours of adolescents should be a basis for
planning health education and promotion programmes. Educational programmes concerning various aspects of health
should be implemented in an organized and complementary way, directed not only at schools, but also at entire families
and local communities. Knowledge, beliefs, skills and attitudes towards health acquired during the period of adolescence
decide about life style in adulthood.
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