Introduction and objective. Tick-borne infections constitute an increasing health problem in dogs and may lead to death,
especially in young or elderly individuals. Canine babesiosis constitutes a serious health problem in dogs worldwide. The
aim of the study was to verify the probability of vertical transmission of Babesia canis between the bitch and the pups.
Materials and methods. In Autumn 2011, cases of babesiosis were diagnosed in a litter of 6-week-old puppies of a Central
Asian Shepherd dog. Immediately following the first case of infection, blood samples were collected from all the pups in the
litter (n=10) and from the female. Detection of Babesia infection was performed by molecular and microscopical techniques.
Results. The presence of B. canis DNA was detected using PCR in three pups, presenting at the time or 24–48 hours later
with babesiosis symptoms, and in their asymptomatic mother. The isolates derived from the pups and the female – 520 bp
18S rRNA gene fragment – were compared and analyzed. All isolates from the pups and their mother were identical and
showed 100% homology with B. canis group B (EU622793), supporting the same source of infection. Additionally, the USG
of the peritoneal cavity was performed in the female, presenting evidence for splenomegaly.
Conclusions. On the basis of (1) the same timing of three pup cases; (2) the identical B. canis sequences derived from
all positive dogs; (3) evident splenomegaly in the asymptomatic female, this provides the first evidence of the vertical
transmission of this piroplasm in dogs.
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