Marksizm a abstrakcja jednostki ludzkiej: Adam Schaff oczami Ewalda Iljenkowa

The article deals with the criticism that Evald Ilyenkov directed at the suggestion madeby Adam Schaff in Marksizm a jednostka ludzka (Marxism vs. an individual). The SovietMarxist accuses Schaff of being an elitist and criticizes his perception of changes in moraldevelopment of the authority. Instead, Ilyenkov proposes that alienation in socialist countriesshould be seen as a phenomenon tied to the relic of private property that can be overcomeonly by actual socialization of possession. According to Ilyenkov, Schaff’s diagnosis of thesituation and solutions proposed by him stem from the lack of understanding of the Marxistperception of a human being. Schaff’s abstract humanism presented by Ilyenkov appears tobe a result of the Polish philosopher’s affair with neo-positivism leading to the acceptance of aindividual’s dominance over the entirety of social relationships and understanding the humanas a collection of certain features common to every individual. In the article, said criticismwas connected with Ilyenkov’s philosophy of what is concrete. Ilyenkov’s polemic withexistentialist and neo-positivist tendencies in soviet philosophy of that time was providedas background necessary for understanding the topic discussed. The main ideas of Ilyenkov’sunderstanding of the Marxist humanism were also presented.Key words: Marxist humanism, abstract-concrete, Evald Ilyenkov, Adam Schaff, alienation,socialization