Świat oglądany przez szybę. Polacy a sprawy międzynarodowe w sondażach Radia Wolna Europa (1962–1969) The world seen through a window pane. The Poles and international affairs in the surveys of Radio Free Europe (1962–1969)
Radio Free Europe was one of the most effective tools of Cold War in the hands
of the western countries. The fact which is relatively unknown is that one of its
units was conducting widespread surveys primarily aimed at establishing the level
of the Station’s popularity in the countries to which it directed its broadcasts.
Somehow additionally, the Station collected the information which today allows us
to obtain the picture of the Polish public opinion on various topics, among others,
on the issues concerning international affairs. International affairs are very closely
linked with the internal situation of the country and are mainly perceived from
this perspective. Particularly interesting are the opinions of the Poles on the
Arab-Israeli War which got a lot of publicity in Poland, above of all, in the form of an
Anti-Semitic witch-hunt symbolised by March 1968. Another interesting aspect
is the attitude of the Poles to the problems of racism in the United States.
Anti-American opinions, unfavourable to racism, are mixed with xenophobia which
many Poles did not conceal. From the perspective of the RFE studies, the Polish
People’s Republic emerges as the country of dying hopes, deepening stagnation,
and the Poles as the opponents of the system who are hostile towards the USSR yet
are not willing to risk a mutiny or a protest. In spite of all, in their majority, they
assumed positions of adapting to and conforming with. Simultaneously, the
surveys recorded also the opinions of the RFE employees who prepared the reports;
these people often did not understand the realities of the studied countries and had
a tendency to see the world only in black and white colours.
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