Анализ Эколого-Экономической Эфективности Существующих Способов Утилизации Твердых Бытовых Отходов

Nowadays, achieving of sustainable development became impossible without effective, both from an environmental and from an economic view, solution of the problem of recycling of solid waste. The paper gives an overview of the ecological and economic efficiency of the main existing methods for utilization of solid domestic waste, namely, incineration in combustion plants, biothermal composting, pyrolysis, plasma gasification, use of combined methods. The essence of the widespread methods of utilization of solid domestic waste, their scope. The main drawbacks of the existing methods of solid domestic waste utilization were also outlined: such incineration in combustion plants is the most appropriate from the economic point of view, but poorly solves the problem of environmental pollution, because a significant part of harmful substances do not burn at temperatures used in incineration plants and the process is accompanied by a significant amount of emissions of harmful substances and carbon dioxide into the atmosphere; when using a biothermal composting, debris, with all heavy metal impurities, radioactive and other possible harmful substances, is just applied to the fields as a fertilizer or in a greenhouse as a biofuel; when pyrolysis is used, the unit's capacity for the process to dispose of household waste cannot be large; to carry out the process of pyrolysis of such low-calorific fuel as solid household waste, considerable additional energy resources are required, which causes high operating costs; the process of plasma combustion to neutralize domestic waste is quite energy intensive, which is why it is not currently self-supporting at the moment.