Introduction. Obesity in children and adolescents is a growing problem in the 21st century. The epidemic of chronic non-communicable
diseases resulting from obesity is currently one of the biggest problems of modern medicine. Excessive body weight
is the result of a long-lasting imbalance between the amount of energy supplied and its expenditure. Energy regulation of the
body is subject to both genetic and environmental factors. Among other things, due to this, the problem of excessive body
weight is most severe in societies with a high degree of socio-economic development. The aim of this paper is to determine
the influence of selected environmental and social factors on the occurrence of overweight and obesity in pre-school children.
Material and methods. The study included pre-school children from south-eastern Poland. After obtaining the consent from
parents, 200 children (87 boys, 113 girls) aged 3 to 6 years were examined. A questionnaire used for the research was derived
from the program: European Pilot Study Evaluating the Influence of Local Promotional Activities on Prevention of Obesity in
Pre-school Children. In the subjects, body weight was measured on an electronic scale three times and the body height was
measured three times using a stadiometer. Obesity was determined according to the criteria developed by the International
Obesity Task Force (IOTF).
Results. The prevalence of overweight and obesity among children amounted to 6.4% in 3-year-olds, 11.3% in 4-year-olds,
17.7% in 5-year-olds, and 20.7% in 6-year-olds. A factor significantly increasing the risk of obesity among the examined girls
and boys was the mother’s BMI index.
Conclusion. Although knowledge about the factors that promote overweight and obesity is common, it is still a common
health problem. Particular attention should be paid to the prevention of obesity in children of parents with a BMI above
30 kg m2. Early maternal education can change the lifestyle of the whole family.
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